1 00:00:17,784 --> 00:00:21,688 ♪ 2 00:00:21,688 --> 00:00:42,208 ♪ 3 00:00:42,208 --> 00:00:44,611 ♪ 4 00:00:44,611 --> 00:00:59,159 ♪ 5 00:00:59,159 --> 00:01:00,860 >>> HI, MY MAIM IS KYLIE. 6 00:01:00,860 --> 00:01:01,461 >> AND I AM TODD. 7 00:01:01,461 --> 00:01:02,962 >> WE ARE ALL INTERNS AND WE 8 00:01:02,962 --> 00:01:04,631 WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME TO YOU THE 9 00:01:04,631 --> 00:01:07,300 NASA ARMSTRONG FLIGHT RECRUIT 10 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:07,634 CENTER. 11 00:01:07,634 --> 00:01:09,702 [ CHEERING AND APPLAUSE ] 12 00:01:09,702 --> 00:01:11,404 >> WE ARE AT NAS AS A FIRST 13 00:01:11,404 --> 00:01:12,405 FIELD CENTER GOING STRONG FOR 14 00:01:12,405 --> 00:01:15,508 100 YEARS AND COUNTING. 15 00:01:15,508 --> 00:01:18,144 >> WE ARE NASA LANG ARE YOU 16 00:01:18,144 --> 00:01:18,678 RESEARCH BETTER. 17 00:01:18,678 --> 00:01:20,847 >> WE ARE HERE AT NASA'S JET 18 00:01:20,847 --> 00:01:22,982 PROPULSION CENTER IN PASADENA, 19 00:01:22,982 --> 00:01:25,185 CALIFORNIA WHEREIN TURNS HELP 20 00:01:25,185 --> 00:01:27,053 EXPLORE THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND 21 00:01:27,053 --> 00:01:27,387 BEYOND. 22 00:01:27,387 --> 00:01:30,623 >> WELCOME TO JOHNSON SPACE 23 00:01:30,623 --> 00:01:31,124 CENTER. 24 00:01:31,124 --> 00:01:32,759 >> MISSISSIPPI, HOME OF 25 00:01:32,759 --> 00:01:34,360 AMERICA'S PREMIER ROCKET 26 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:34,994 COMPLEX. 27 00:01:34,994 --> 00:01:37,163 >> WHERE NEXT GENERATION ROCKET 28 00:01:37,163 --> 00:01:38,398 ENGINES ARE BEING TEST THAT'S 29 00:01:38,398 --> 00:01:40,300 WILL CARRY HUMANS ON BOARD THE 30 00:01:40,300 --> 00:01:42,869 NEW SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM. 31 00:01:42,869 --> 00:01:47,073 >> WELCOME TO SPACE CENTER. 32 00:01:47,073 --> 00:01:49,209 >> HI, WE ARE AT THE SPACE 33 00:01:49,209 --> 00:01:50,643 FLIGHT SENT IN ALABAMA. 34 00:01:50,643 --> 00:01:52,045 >> WHERE WE BUILT THE SAT TURN 35 00:01:52,045 --> 00:01:54,114 FIVE THAT BROUGHT ASTRONAUTS TO 36 00:01:54,114 --> 00:01:54,681 THE MOON. 37 00:01:54,681 --> 00:01:56,282 >> WHERE WE ARE NOW WORKING THE 38 00:01:56,282 --> 00:01:57,951 SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM TO BRING 39 00:01:57,951 --> 00:01:59,352 ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON, MARS, 40 00:01:59,352 --> 00:02:01,521 AND BEYOND. 41 00:02:01,521 --> 00:02:04,190 >> GREETINGS FROM FACE A AMES 42 00:02:04,190 --> 00:02:05,692 RESEARCH CENTER IN SILICON 43 00:02:05,692 --> 00:02:06,126 VALUE. 44 00:02:06,126 --> 00:02:11,297 >> I WELCOME TO THE SPACE 45 00:02:11,297 --> 00:02:11,731 CENTER. 46 00:02:11,731 --> 00:02:13,433 >> HELLO FROM THE NATION 47 00:02:13,433 --> 00:02:13,766 CAPITAL. 48 00:02:13,766 --> 00:02:15,768 WE ARE INTERNS AT NASA HEAD 49 00:02:15,768 --> 00:02:18,171 QUARTERS IN WASHINGTON, D.C. 50 00:02:18,171 --> 00:02:28,448 >> NASA GLEN CENTER. 51 00:02:28,448 --> 00:02:29,282 [ CHEERING AND APPLAUSE ] 52 00:02:29,282 --> 00:02:31,117 >> WE DESIGN, BUILD, AND OPERATE 53 00:02:31,117 --> 00:02:32,418 NATIONS THAT STUDY THE EARTH, 54 00:02:32,418 --> 00:02:36,422 THE SUN, PLANET, AND THE 55 00:02:36,422 --> 00:02:36,856 UNIVERSE. 56 00:02:36,856 --> 00:02:40,493 >> FROM HERE AT GOOD ART PLACE 57 00:02:40,493 --> 00:02:41,561 FLIGHT CENTER IN MARYLAND. 58 00:02:41,561 --> 00:02:44,898 >> THE INDEPENDENCE VERIFICATION 59 00:02:44,898 --> 00:02:46,166 AND VALIDATION FACILITY IN 60 00:02:46,166 --> 00:02:47,267 INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL. 61 00:02:47,267 --> 00:02:48,268 >> THE GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR 62 00:02:48,268 --> 00:02:49,769 SPACE TUESDAY IS IN NEW YORK 63 00:02:49,769 --> 00:02:50,170 CITY. 64 00:02:50,170 --> 00:02:53,439 >> THE WHITE SANDS COMPLEX OUT 65 00:02:53,439 --> 00:02:56,276 SIZE LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 66 00:02:56,276 --> 00:02:58,111 >> IN TEXAS. 67 00:02:58,111 --> 00:03:09,088 >> WE ARE NASA GOOD SARD! 68 00:03:09,088 --> 00:03:09,455 GODDARD. 69 00:03:09,455 --> 00:03:11,824 >> GOOD AFTERNOON AND WELCOME TO 70 00:03:11,824 --> 00:03:12,926 NASA'S INTERNAL DAY EVENT. 71 00:03:12,926 --> 00:03:15,461 I AM CHRIS SCALISE THE DIRECTOR 72 00:03:15,461 --> 00:03:18,598 OF GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. 73 00:03:18,598 --> 00:03:19,632 UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES MY 74 00:03:19,632 --> 00:03:20,667 PLEASURE TO HAVE YOU ALL HERE 75 00:03:20,667 --> 00:03:24,270 TODAY AND TUNING IN REMOTELY I 76 00:03:24,270 --> 00:03:25,872 WOULD ALSO LIKE ACKNOWLEDGE OUR 77 00:03:25,872 --> 00:03:27,674 SPECIAL GUEST ADMINISTRATOR 78 00:03:27,674 --> 00:03:28,074 BRIDENSTINE. 79 00:03:28,074 --> 00:03:30,343 MIKE KINKAID THE SOCIAL 80 00:03:30,343 --> 00:03:31,578 ADMINISTRATOR FOR STEM 81 00:03:31,578 --> 00:03:32,178 ENGAGEMENT. 82 00:03:32,178 --> 00:03:35,215 CAROLYN NOLES, THE DIRECTOR OF 83 00:03:35,215 --> 00:03:37,150 NASA INTERNSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS 84 00:03:37,150 --> 00:03:38,551 AND ALL OF THE OFFICE OF STEM 85 00:03:38,551 --> 00:03:39,752 ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION STAFF 86 00:03:39,752 --> 00:03:41,154 ACROSS THE COUNTRY WHO HELP MACE 87 00:03:41,154 --> 00:03:42,589 THIS EVENT POSSIBLE. 88 00:03:42,589 --> 00:03:45,225 HERE AT GODDARD, WE ENJOY THE 89 00:03:45,225 --> 00:03:47,026 PRESENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF 90 00:03:47,026 --> 00:03:48,861 OVER 400 INTERNS ANNUALLY. 91 00:03:48,861 --> 00:03:50,196 ASSISTING US WITH CRITICAL NEEDS 92 00:03:50,196 --> 00:03:52,899 ACROSS OUR FACILITIES AND 93 00:03:52,899 --> 00:03:53,266 PROJECTS. 94 00:03:53,266 --> 00:03:54,601 I AM EXCITED THAT TODAY'S 95 00:03:54,601 --> 00:03:56,569 PROGRAM CONNECTS INTERNS ACROSS 96 00:03:56,569 --> 00:03:59,272 THE AGENCY SO THAT YOU, THE NEXT 97 00:03:59,272 --> 00:04:01,574 GENERATION OF NASA EMPLOYEES AND 98 00:04:01,574 --> 00:04:02,875 COLLABORATORS AND HE CAN PLOYERS 99 00:04:02,875 --> 00:04:04,611 GET THE FANTASTIC OPPORTUNITY TO 100 00:04:04,611 --> 00:04:06,813 HEAR FROM OUR ADMINISTRATOR. 101 00:04:06,813 --> 00:04:09,349 WITH THAT, I WOULD LIKE TO 102 00:04:09,349 --> 00:04:12,685 INTRODUCE ADMINISTRATOR JIM 103 00:04:12,685 --> 00:04:13,086 BRIDENSTINE. 104 00:04:13,086 --> 00:04:14,120 IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE TO WORK 105 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:15,722 WITH JIM OVER THE LAST SEVERAL 106 00:04:15,722 --> 00:04:17,457 MONTHS AS HE'S BEEN SWORN IN IN 107 00:04:17,457 --> 00:04:17,757 APRIL. 108 00:04:17,757 --> 00:04:19,926 HE BRINGS A WEALTH OF EXPERIENCE 109 00:04:19,926 --> 00:04:22,862 FROM ALL OF HIS ACTIVITIES AS A 110 00:04:22,862 --> 00:04:24,397 MEMBER OF CONGRESS FOR THE FIRST 111 00:04:24,397 --> 00:04:25,865 DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA. 112 00:04:25,865 --> 00:04:29,068 AS A NAVY PILOT, AND AS A NAVY 113 00:04:29,068 --> 00:04:30,536 RESERVIST, AND AS DIRECTOR OF 114 00:04:30,536 --> 00:04:33,873 THE TULSA AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM. 115 00:04:33,873 --> 00:04:37,143 PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING 116 00:04:37,143 --> 00:04:39,712 ADMINISTRATOR BRIDENSTINE. 117 00:04:39,712 --> 00:04:45,985 [ APPLAUSE ] 118 00:04:45,985 --> 00:04:46,886 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, CHRIS. 119 00:04:46,886 --> 00:04:49,822 THANK YOU FOR OPENING UP GODDARD 120 00:04:49,822 --> 00:04:54,160 TO HAVE SUCH A FANTASTIC EVENT. 121 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:56,195 TODAY IS NATIONAL INTERN DAY. 122 00:04:56,195 --> 00:04:58,298 AND NASA IS NOT SHORT ON 123 00:04:58,298 --> 00:05:00,700 INTERNS, AS YOU CAN CLEARLY SEE. 124 00:05:00,700 --> 00:05:02,335 I AM THRILLED TO BE THE 125 00:05:02,335 --> 00:05:03,303 ADMINISTRATOR AT A TIME WHEN 126 00:05:03,303 --> 00:05:04,404 THERE ARE SO MANY YOUNG PEOPLE 127 00:05:04,404 --> 00:05:06,506 GETTING SO EXCITED ABOUT WHAT 128 00:05:06,506 --> 00:05:08,408 NASA IS AND WHAT NASA DOES AND 129 00:05:08,408 --> 00:05:10,777 WHAT NASA WILL DO. 130 00:05:10,777 --> 00:05:12,945 I WANT TO GET IN TO QUESTIONS, 131 00:05:12,945 --> 00:05:14,614 PRETTY QUICKLY HERE, BUT I WILL 132 00:05:14,614 --> 00:05:15,615 JUST SHARE WITH YOU SOME THINGS 133 00:05:15,615 --> 00:05:17,650 THAT I THINK ARE IMPORTANT ABOUT 134 00:05:17,650 --> 00:05:18,051 INTERNSHIPS. 135 00:05:18,051 --> 00:05:19,619 I HAD AN INTERNSHIP WHEN I WAS 136 00:05:19,619 --> 00:05:20,019 IN COLLEGE. 137 00:05:20,019 --> 00:05:22,188 I WENT TO RICE UNIVERSITY. 138 00:05:22,188 --> 00:05:23,956 AT THE TIME I WAS STUDYING 139 00:05:23,956 --> 00:05:25,158 ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS AND I HAD 140 00:05:25,158 --> 00:05:28,194 AN INTERNSHIP AT A NEWSPAPER IN 141 00:05:28,194 --> 00:05:29,595 FORT WORTH CALLED THE FORTH 142 00:05:29,595 --> 00:05:30,763 WORTH STAR TELEGRAM. 143 00:05:30,763 --> 00:05:32,965 ANYBODY HERE FROM FORT WORTH BY 144 00:05:32,965 --> 00:05:33,299 CHANCE? 145 00:05:33,299 --> 00:05:34,967 ANYBODY IN THE AUDIENCE? 146 00:05:34,967 --> 00:05:37,003 WE GOT ONE HERE. 147 00:05:37,003 --> 00:05:37,970 >> FAMILY. 148 00:05:37,970 --> 00:05:38,371 >> OKAY. 149 00:05:38,371 --> 00:05:38,738 FANTASTIC. 150 00:05:38,738 --> 00:05:40,306 AND I WAS THERE STUDYING 151 00:05:40,306 --> 00:05:41,407 ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS AND I HAD 152 00:05:41,407 --> 00:05:45,912 THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE AN 153 00:05:45,912 --> 00:05:46,512 ACCOUNTANT IN TURN. 154 00:05:46,512 --> 00:05:48,314 SO I DID ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, 155 00:05:48,314 --> 00:05:49,349 PAYABLE, AND THOSE KIND OF 156 00:05:49,349 --> 00:05:51,317 THINGS I GOT INVOLVED IN SOME 157 00:05:51,317 --> 00:05:52,118 AUDITING ACTIVITIES. 158 00:05:52,118 --> 00:05:53,886 AND I HAD JUST A WONDERFUL 159 00:05:53,886 --> 00:05:55,722 EXPERIENCE DOING THAT. 160 00:05:55,722 --> 00:05:57,724 AND WHAT I LEARNED 161 00:05:57,724 --> 00:05:58,558 OVERWHELMINGLY FROM THE THREE 162 00:05:58,558 --> 00:06:00,226 MONTHS OF DOING THAT ACTIVITY, 163 00:06:00,226 --> 00:06:02,528 IS THAT I KNEW THEN THAT I DID 164 00:06:02,528 --> 00:06:03,663 NOT WANT TO DO ACCOUNTING FOR 165 00:06:03,663 --> 00:06:05,098 THE REST OF MY LIFE. 166 00:06:05,098 --> 00:06:07,900 [ LAUGHTER ] 167 00:06:07,900 --> 00:06:09,836 >> SO IT'S SOMETIMES IMPORTANT 168 00:06:09,836 --> 00:06:11,738 WHEN YOU LEARN IN AN INTERNSHIP. 169 00:06:11,738 --> 00:06:12,572 IT'S EVERYBODY MORE IMPORTANT. 170 00:06:12,572 --> 00:06:13,606 SOMETIMES YOU LEARN WHAT YOU 171 00:06:13,606 --> 00:06:15,241 DON'T WANT DO IN AN INTERNSHIP. 172 00:06:15,241 --> 00:06:17,877 AND SO THAT'S IMPORTANT AS WELL. 173 00:06:17,877 --> 00:06:18,644 EVERYBODY MORE IMPORTANT THAN 174 00:06:18,644 --> 00:06:23,316 ANY OF THAT ACTIVITY, WHILE I 175 00:06:23,316 --> 00:06:26,152 WAS INTERNING IN THE ACCOUNTING 176 00:06:26,152 --> 00:06:28,888 DIVISION, MY WIFE WAS -- MY 177 00:06:28,888 --> 00:06:30,423 FRIEND, WHO WAS A NEW PERSON IN 178 00:06:30,423 --> 00:06:32,125 MY LIFE AT THAT TIME. 179 00:06:32,125 --> 00:06:33,192 [ LAUGHTER ] 180 00:06:33,192 --> 00:06:36,062 >> WAS AN INTERN IN THE JOURNAL 181 00:06:36,062 --> 00:06:37,597 I DEPARTMENT OF THE FORT WORTH 182 00:06:37,597 --> 00:06:38,698 STAR TELEGRAM. 183 00:06:38,698 --> 00:06:40,500 SO SHE WAS WRITING STORIES AND 184 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:41,901 DOING WON'T WORK WHILE I WAS 185 00:06:41,901 --> 00:06:43,069 COUNTING THE BEANS. 186 00:06:43,069 --> 00:06:45,037 BUT HERE IS THE THING, WE WERE 187 00:06:45,037 --> 00:06:47,707 BOTH INTERNS IN THE SAME 188 00:06:47,707 --> 00:06:48,808 ORGANIZATION AT THE SAME TIME 189 00:06:48,808 --> 00:06:50,910 DURING THIS PARTICULAR SUMMER, 190 00:06:50,910 --> 00:06:53,045 AND AFTER THAT WE STAYED IN 191 00:06:53,045 --> 00:06:53,346 TOUCH. 192 00:06:53,346 --> 00:06:55,581 WE BECAME EVEN FRIENDLIER 193 00:06:55,581 --> 00:06:57,750 EVENTUALLY SHE WAS MY GIRLFRIEND 194 00:06:57,750 --> 00:06:59,218 AND NOW MY WIFE AND NOW WE HAVE 195 00:06:59,218 --> 00:06:59,585 CHILDREN. 196 00:06:59,585 --> 00:07:01,821 AND SO I OWE THAT TO AN 197 00:07:01,821 --> 00:07:03,022 INTERNSHIP THAT I DIDN'T MUCH 198 00:07:03,022 --> 00:07:04,957 LIKE, QUITE FRANKLY, BUT THE 199 00:07:04,957 --> 00:07:07,427 BEST THING IN MY LIFE THANKED IS 200 00:07:07,427 --> 00:07:09,896 I GOT A WIFE AND SOME WONDERFUL 201 00:07:09,896 --> 00:07:12,031 CHILDREN AND IT WAS BECAUSE OF 202 00:07:12,031 --> 00:07:12,765 THAT INTERNSHIP. 203 00:07:12,765 --> 00:07:14,000 SO THE BIGGEST THING TO TAKE 204 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:15,768 AWAY, AND BY THE WAY, SOME 205 00:07:15,768 --> 00:07:16,869 WONDERFUL FRIEND THAT ARE STILL 206 00:07:16,869 --> 00:07:19,071 OUR FRIENDS TODAY, WERE -- WE 207 00:07:19,071 --> 00:07:21,040 GOT IN THAT INTERNSHIP. 208 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:22,375 SO I WANT TO ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY 209 00:07:22,375 --> 00:07:25,244 HERE TO DO, AND I KNOW YOU ARE I 210 00:07:25,244 --> 00:07:27,680 GUESS HALFWAY THROUGH IF NOT 211 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:29,549 MORE SO AT THIS POINT IN THE 212 00:07:29,549 --> 00:07:31,417 SUMMER, BUT REMEMBER THIS, THE 213 00:07:31,417 --> 00:07:32,618 PEOPLE THAT YOU ARE GOING TO GET 214 00:07:32,618 --> 00:07:35,521 TO KNOW DURING THE COURSE OF 215 00:07:35,521 --> 00:07:36,422 YOUR INTERNSHIP ARE PEOPLE THT 216 00:07:36,422 --> 00:07:38,057 YOU ARE PROBABLY, IF YOU WANT TO 217 00:07:38,057 --> 00:07:38,891 BE INVOLVED I THIS BUSINESS, 218 00:07:38,891 --> 00:07:42,295 THIS IS NOT A -- THIS IS NOT A 219 00:07:42,295 --> 00:07:43,729 MASSIVE KIND OF INDUSTRY. 220 00:07:43,729 --> 00:07:45,298 THIS IS KIND OF A NICHE 221 00:07:45,298 --> 00:07:45,665 INDUSTRY. 222 00:07:45,665 --> 00:07:46,332 NOW WE WANT TO CHANGE THAT. 223 00:07:46,332 --> 00:07:48,801 WE WANT IT TO BE MASSIVE. 224 00:07:48,801 --> 00:07:50,503 BUT YOU'LL COME ACROSS THE SAME 225 00:07:50,503 --> 00:07:52,104 PEOPLE OVER AND OVER AGAIN. 226 00:07:52,104 --> 00:07:53,840 THE RELATIONSHIPS THAT YOU HAVE 227 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:55,041 HERE, YOU WANT THOSE 228 00:07:55,041 --> 00:07:55,975 RELATIONSHIPS TO LAST A VERY 229 00:07:55,975 --> 00:07:57,643 LONG TIME. 230 00:07:57,643 --> 00:07:59,078 AND THAT'S AN IMPORTANT THING 231 00:07:59,078 --> 00:08:01,447 FOR YOUR INTERNSHIP AS WELL. 232 00:08:01,447 --> 00:08:02,482 NOT EVERYBODY WILL FIND THEIR 233 00:08:02,482 --> 00:08:03,516 HUSBAND OR WIFE, I AM NOT 234 00:08:03,516 --> 00:08:04,317 SUGGESTING THAT. 235 00:08:04,317 --> 00:08:05,751 BUT EVERYBODY IS GOING TO 236 00:08:05,751 --> 00:08:07,887 WALKWAY FROM HERE WITH FRIENDS. 237 00:08:07,887 --> 00:08:09,222 AND YOU WANT THOSE FRIENDS TO 238 00:08:09,222 --> 00:08:09,522 LAST. 239 00:08:09,522 --> 00:08:10,723 AND WHENEVER YOU END UP NEXT, 240 00:08:10,723 --> 00:08:11,757 MAKE SURE THAT YOU STAY IN 241 00:08:11,757 --> 00:08:12,058 TOUCH. 242 00:08:12,058 --> 00:08:15,061 BECAUSE A BIG PART OF 243 00:08:15,061 --> 00:08:16,762 INTERNSHIPS IS DEVELOPING THE 244 00:08:16,762 --> 00:08:18,731 RELATIONSHIPS THAT CAN LAST A 245 00:08:18,731 --> 00:08:19,098 LIFETIME. 246 00:08:19,098 --> 00:08:21,067 SO WITH THAT, MIKE, I APPRECIATE 247 00:08:21,067 --> 00:08:21,767 YOU AND -- 248 00:08:21,767 --> 00:08:22,401 >> THANK YOU. 249 00:08:22,401 --> 00:08:24,770 >> EVERYBODY HERE KNOWS MIKE 250 00:08:24,770 --> 00:08:25,338 KINKAID. 251 00:08:25,338 --> 00:08:25,972 NO INTRODUCTION REQUIRED. 252 00:08:25,972 --> 00:08:26,839 >> THANK YOU, JIM. 253 00:08:26,839 --> 00:08:27,874 I REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR 254 00:08:27,874 --> 00:08:28,241 COMMENTS. 255 00:08:28,241 --> 00:08:29,175 AND I THINK IT'S GREAT TO BE 256 00:08:29,175 --> 00:08:30,877 ABLE TO HEAR HIS PERCENTAGE 257 00:08:30,877 --> 00:08:32,111 STORY THAT'S REALLY WHAT I THINK 258 00:08:32,111 --> 00:08:32,745 DRAWS US TOGETHER. 259 00:08:32,745 --> 00:08:33,746 AND I WANT TO SAY THANK YOU, 260 00:08:33,746 --> 00:08:35,047 TOO, TO CHRIS FOR HOSTING US 261 00:08:35,047 --> 00:08:37,650 TODAY AND TO ALL OF THE INTERN 262 00:08:37,650 --> 00:08:38,851 MANAGERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. 263 00:08:38,851 --> 00:08:41,020 I KNOW THERE ARE 13 OR 14 264 00:08:41,020 --> 00:08:41,854 DIFFERENT WATCH PARTIES GOING ON 265 00:08:41,854 --> 00:08:42,889 AS WE SPEAK. 266 00:08:42,889 --> 00:08:44,123 AND SO WE CAN'T REMEMBER THE 267 00:08:44,123 --> 00:08:45,057 LAST TIME IT'S BEEN AT LEAST 268 00:08:45,057 --> 00:08:47,894 FIVE OR SIX YEARS SINCE WE HAD 269 00:08:47,894 --> 00:08:51,898 ALL THE IN INTERNS TOGETHER IN O 270 00:08:51,898 --> 00:08:53,466 PLACE AND THANK YOU FOR TELLING 271 00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:55,134 YOUR FRIENDS AND FAMILY WHENEVER 272 00:08:55,134 --> 00:08:57,803 THEY ARE WATCHING US NASA TV. 273 00:08:57,803 --> 00:08:59,705 I WANT TO ECHO SOME THINGS THAT 274 00:08:59,705 --> 00:09:01,107 JIM SAID AND TELL YOU MY 275 00:09:01,107 --> 00:09:02,041 PERSONAL STORY. 276 00:09:02,041 --> 00:09:03,676 31 YEARS AGO NEXT MONTH I DROVE 277 00:09:03,676 --> 00:09:06,879 TO THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER AS A 278 00:09:06,879 --> 00:09:08,314 BRAND-NEW INSURANCE, FROM TEXAS 279 00:09:08,314 --> 00:09:09,815 A & M IT WAS A GREAT EXPERIENCE. 280 00:09:09,815 --> 00:09:11,551 AND THEN 29 YEARS AGO LAST MONTH 281 00:09:11,551 --> 00:09:14,353 I DROVE ONTO HERE AT GODDARD AS 282 00:09:14,353 --> 00:09:16,289 AN IN TURN, I HAD A CHANCE TO 283 00:09:16,289 --> 00:09:20,326 INTERN AT BOTH CENTERS. 284 00:09:20,326 --> 00:09:21,961 IT'S SURREAL TO THINK THAT I AM 285 00:09:21,961 --> 00:09:24,463 STANDING NEXT TO OUR NEW NASA 286 00:09:24,463 --> 00:09:25,798 ADMINISTRATOR TALKING ABOUT STEM 287 00:09:25,798 --> 00:09:27,400 EDUCATION IF YOU HAD TOLD ME 29 288 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:28,534 YEARS AGO OR THIRD ONE YEARS AGO 289 00:09:28,534 --> 00:09:30,036 THAT I WOULD BE STANDING HERE, I 290 00:09:30,036 --> 00:09:33,272 WOULDN'T HAVE BELIEVED IT. 291 00:09:33,272 --> 00:09:35,274 I STARTED WONDERING IN 2048, 30 292 00:09:35,274 --> 00:09:37,310 YEARS FROM NOW, YOU GUYS, WHERE 293 00:09:37,310 --> 00:09:38,210 WILL YOU BE? 294 00:09:38,210 --> 00:09:40,279 I WONDER IF THAT NASA 295 00:09:40,279 --> 00:09:42,081 ADMINISTRATOR WILL BE DOING THIS 296 00:09:42,081 --> 00:09:42,982 PRESENTATION FROM THE MOON? 297 00:09:42,982 --> 00:09:44,817 WOULDN'T THAT BE COOL? 298 00:09:44,817 --> 00:09:45,885 WE START THINKING ABOUT WHERE 299 00:09:45,885 --> 00:09:46,719 COULD THIS BE? 300 00:09:46,719 --> 00:09:47,420 THE OPPORTUNITY THAT YOU HAVE 301 00:09:47,420 --> 00:09:48,654 HERE, AND THE OPPORTUNITY THAT 302 00:09:48,654 --> 00:09:50,256 YOU DIDN'T KNOW YOU WERE GOING 303 00:09:50,256 --> 00:09:50,957 TO MEET YOUR WIFE. 304 00:09:50,957 --> 00:09:52,892 I DIDN'T KNOW THAT I WOULD HAVE 305 00:09:52,892 --> 00:09:55,127 A 30-YEAR CAREER I CERTAINLY 306 00:09:55,127 --> 00:09:56,495 DIDN'T KNOW I WOULD BE WORKING 307 00:09:56,495 --> 00:09:57,563 AT NASA HEAD QUARTERS. 308 00:09:57,563 --> 00:09:58,764 >> ESPECIALLY FROM A RICE GUY 309 00:09:58,764 --> 00:10:00,566 COMING FROM A & M. 310 00:10:00,566 --> 00:10:02,702 >> EXACT LIMB IT'S OKAY TO CALL 311 00:10:02,702 --> 00:10:03,803 THE RICE GUY YOUR BOSS. 312 00:10:03,803 --> 00:10:06,839 I AM USED TO T IT'S ALL RIGHT. 313 00:10:06,839 --> 00:10:07,673 BUT WE ARE GLAD THAT YOU GUYS 314 00:10:07,673 --> 00:10:08,274 ARE HERE. 315 00:10:08,274 --> 00:10:09,108 WITH THAT I LITTLE WE ARE READY 316 00:10:09,108 --> 00:10:10,209 TO GO IN TO THE FIRST QUESTION. 317 00:10:10,209 --> 00:10:11,611 I THINK OUR FIRST QUESTION IS -- 318 00:10:11,611 --> 00:10:15,147 >> SO YOU KNOW IN 1995, RICE AND 319 00:10:15,147 --> 00:10:18,451 TEXAS A & M BOTH BEAT TEXAS IN 320 00:10:18,451 --> 00:10:18,751 1995. 321 00:10:18,751 --> 00:10:19,619 >> THAT'S AN IMPORTANT YEAR. 322 00:10:19,619 --> 00:10:20,753 >> IT WAS. 323 00:10:20,753 --> 00:10:22,555 [ LAUGHTER ] 324 00:10:22,555 --> 00:10:24,557 >> IT'S -- WE'LL STOP THERE. 325 00:10:24,557 --> 00:10:25,591 WE'LL GO TO THE QUESTIONS. 326 00:10:25,591 --> 00:10:27,827 I THINK FIRST UP, D A L I WNT 327 00:10:27,827 --> 00:10:29,161 TO SAY ONE MORE THING. 328 00:10:29,161 --> 00:10:31,330 OUR MISSION IS TO INSPIRE, 329 00:10:31,330 --> 00:10:32,264 ENGAGE, EDUCATE AN EMPLOY 330 00:10:32,264 --> 00:10:32,732 STUDENTS, RIGHT? 331 00:10:32,732 --> 00:10:34,233 THAT'S SOMETHING THAT NASA DOES 332 00:10:34,233 --> 00:10:36,235 AND SO YOU GUYS ARE AMBASSADORS 333 00:10:36,235 --> 00:10:37,870 IN THAT PROCESS, I HOPE THAT YOU 334 00:10:37,870 --> 00:10:39,872 ARE NOT JUST HERE AS WATCHERS, I 335 00:10:39,872 --> 00:10:40,673 HOPE YOU ARE HERE TO BE PART OF 336 00:10:40,673 --> 00:10:42,408 THE PROCESS AND KNOW THAT YOU 337 00:10:42,408 --> 00:10:44,443 TAKE ON OF THIS MISSION WHEN JIM 338 00:10:44,443 --> 00:10:45,277 TALKS ABOUT WE WANT TO CHANGE 339 00:10:45,277 --> 00:10:47,480 AND BE A BIGGER PART OF SOCIETY. 340 00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:49,448 IT REQUIRES YOU GUYS USING THE 341 00:10:49,448 --> 00:10:50,316 VEHICLES THAT YOU HAVE AVAILABLE 342 00:10:50,316 --> 00:10:50,916 TO YOU. 343 00:10:50,916 --> 00:10:53,219 THE SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLS ARE 344 00:10:53,219 --> 00:10:53,552 AMAZING. 345 00:10:53,552 --> 00:10:54,587 THAT WE DIDN'T HAVE 30 YEARS 346 00:10:54,587 --> 00:10:54,854 AGO. 347 00:10:54,854 --> 00:10:55,955 AND SO I HOPE THAT YOU WILL 348 00:10:55,955 --> 00:10:57,256 SHARE THAT YOU HEAR TODAY WITH 349 00:10:57,256 --> 00:10:58,090 YOUR FRIENDS AND FAMILY AND 350 00:10:58,090 --> 00:11:00,292 PEOPLE OUTSIDE OF OUR NETWORKS 351 00:11:00,292 --> 00:11:01,494 THAT'S HOW WE'LL ULTIMATELY MAKE 352 00:11:01,494 --> 00:11:03,062 A DIFFERENCE, WITH THAT I WILL 353 00:11:03,062 --> 00:11:05,031 TURN IT OVER TO ERIC WHO IS HERE 354 00:11:05,031 --> 00:11:06,632 AT GODDARD TO ASK THE FIRST 355 00:11:06,632 --> 00:11:06,999 QUESTION. 356 00:11:06,999 --> 00:11:07,633 RIGHT THERE. 357 00:11:07,633 --> 00:11:08,367 >> THAT'S ME. 358 00:11:08,367 --> 00:11:10,403 ONCE AGAIN MY NAME IS EVAN, AND 359 00:11:10,403 --> 00:11:12,304 I AM AN INTERN HERE AT GODDARD 360 00:11:12,304 --> 00:11:13,472 SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. 361 00:11:13,472 --> 00:11:15,207 THIS FALL I WILL BE RETURNING TO 362 00:11:15,207 --> 00:11:16,409 SCHOOL AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE 363 00:11:16,409 --> 00:11:16,809 UNIVERSITY. 364 00:11:16,809 --> 00:11:19,512 MY QUESTION, IS AS FOLLOWS, WITH 365 00:11:19,512 --> 00:11:21,180 THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL SPACE 366 00:11:21,180 --> 00:11:22,882 FLIGHT, HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THE 367 00:11:22,882 --> 00:11:24,083 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NASA AND 368 00:11:24,083 --> 00:11:25,751 THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO REMEMBERS 369 00:11:25,751 --> 00:11:29,422 OF THE PUBLIC? 370 00:11:29,422 --> 00:11:36,696 >> THAT'S A WONDERFUL QUESTION. 371 00:11:36,696 --> 00:11:38,431 I WILL BE HONEST IT'S KIND A 372 00:11:38,431 --> 00:11:39,498 CHALLENGE BUT SHOULDN'T BE. 373 00:11:39,498 --> 00:11:42,068 A LOT OF TIMES IN TODAY'S ERA 374 00:11:42,068 --> 00:11:43,369 PEOPLE TALK ABOUT ARE YOU A NEW 375 00:11:43,369 --> 00:11:48,674 SPACE GUY OR A TRADITIONAL SPACE 376 00:11:48,674 --> 00:11:49,341 GUY. 377 00:11:49,341 --> 00:11:50,943 GOING THROUGH THE CONFIRMATION 378 00:11:50,943 --> 00:11:53,779 PROCESS TO BECOME NASA 379 00:11:53,779 --> 00:11:54,814 ADMINISTRATOR I HEARD IT FROM 380 00:11:54,814 --> 00:11:56,515 THE SENATE ARE YOU FOR 381 00:11:56,515 --> 00:11:58,551 TRADITIONAL SPACE, NEW SPACE, 382 00:11:58,551 --> 00:11:59,351 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED OWNED AND 383 00:11:59,351 --> 00:12:00,553 OPERATED SPACE, WHAT'S YOUR 384 00:12:00,553 --> 00:12:01,954 WORLD VIEW ON THIS WHOLE 385 00:12:01,954 --> 00:12:02,288 DYNAMIC? 386 00:12:02,288 --> 00:12:05,424 THE REALITY IS, WHEN IT COMES TO 387 00:12:05,424 --> 00:12:08,427 NASA, WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS 388 00:12:08,427 --> 00:12:09,862 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, WE WANT TO 389 00:12:09,862 --> 00:12:12,898 EXPLORE, WE WANT TO DISCOVER, 390 00:12:12,898 --> 00:12:14,200 THAT'S WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE 391 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:14,467 DO. 392 00:12:14,467 --> 00:12:15,267 NOW, THE QUESTION THAT WE HAVE 393 00:12:15,267 --> 00:12:16,802 TO ANSWER IS HOW DO WE 394 00:12:16,802 --> 00:12:18,738 ACCOMPLISH THOSE OBJECTIVES. 395 00:12:18,738 --> 00:12:21,040 THAT'S RESULT ULTIMATELY WHAT WE 396 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:26,045 ARE TRYING DO IS ACCOMPLISH AN 397 00:12:26,045 --> 00:12:27,079 OBJECTIVE. 398 00:12:27,079 --> 00:12:29,014 IN SOME CASES WE CAN BUY A 399 00:12:29,014 --> 00:12:30,816 SERVICE RIGHT NOW COMMERCIAL 400 00:12:30,816 --> 00:12:32,451 CARGO TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 401 00:12:32,451 --> 00:12:33,652 STATION, NASA DOESN'T PURCHASE, 402 00:12:33,652 --> 00:12:35,888 OWN, OPERATE ITS OWN ROCKETS IN 403 00:12:35,888 --> 00:12:38,023 ORDER TO TO GET TO THE 404 00:12:38,023 --> 00:12:39,024 INTERNATIONAL SPACE SITUATION 405 00:12:39,024 --> 00:12:40,526 CARGO, WHAT WE DO IS BUY A 406 00:12:40,526 --> 00:12:40,926 SERVICE. 407 00:12:40,926 --> 00:12:43,896 AND THAT'S BEEN PROVEN TO BE 408 00:12:43,896 --> 00:12:45,197 EXCEPTIONALLY EFFICIENT AND A 409 00:12:45,197 --> 00:12:47,700 VERY EFFICIENT WAY OF -- A 410 00:12:47,700 --> 00:12:49,702 LOW-COST WAY OF GETTING BACK BAC 411 00:12:49,702 --> 00:12:50,870 FORTH TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 412 00:12:50,870 --> 00:12:52,371 STATION WITH CARGO. 413 00:12:52,371 --> 00:12:53,439 NOW, WE ARE ATTEMPTING ON GET 414 00:12:53,439 --> 00:12:56,909 THERE AND WE ARE GOING TO GET 415 00:12:56,909 --> 00:12:58,511 THERE, WITH CREW AS WELL. 416 00:12:58,511 --> 00:12:59,712 WHERE WE WILL BUY A SERVICE, WE 417 00:12:59,712 --> 00:13:01,647 ARE NOT GOING TO OWN AND OPERATE 418 00:13:01,647 --> 00:13:05,117 OUR OWN ROCKETS TO GET CREWS TO 419 00:13:05,117 --> 00:13:06,418 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 420 00:13:06,418 --> 00:13:07,753 INSTEAD WE'LL CONTRACT TO BUY A 421 00:13:07,753 --> 00:13:08,220 SERVICE. 422 00:13:08,220 --> 00:13:11,056 NOW, NASA WAS VERY INVOLVED IN 423 00:13:11,056 --> 00:13:12,291 DEVELOPING THOSE CAPABILITIES 424 00:13:12,291 --> 00:13:14,293 THAT COMMERCIAL ENTITIES ARE 425 00:13:14,293 --> 00:13:15,427 ULTIMATELY GOING TO UTILIZE. 426 00:13:15,427 --> 00:13:18,731 BUT THE IDEA IS THIS, WE WANT 427 00:13:18,731 --> 00:13:22,601 NASA TO BE ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY 428 00:13:22,601 --> 00:13:25,137 CUSTOMERS TO -- AND WE WANT -- 429 00:13:25,137 --> 00:13:26,872 WHEN WE ARE ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY 430 00:13:26,872 --> 00:13:28,407 CUSTOMERS, OF COURSE THAT 431 00:13:28,407 --> 00:13:30,009 DECREASES THE COSTS KIND OF 432 00:13:30,009 --> 00:13:30,376 NATURALLY. 433 00:13:30,376 --> 00:13:31,877 BUT EVEN MORE SO, WE WANT -- WE 434 00:13:31,877 --> 00:13:34,146 WANT MULTIPLE PROVIDERS. 435 00:13:34,146 --> 00:13:35,481 SO THEY ARE COMPETING WITH EACH 436 00:13:35,481 --> 00:13:37,750 OTHER ON COST TO DRIVE THE COSTS 437 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:40,052 DOWN EVEN FURTHER BUT THEY ARE 438 00:13:40,052 --> 00:13:41,020 ALSO COMPETING WITH EACH OTHER 439 00:13:41,020 --> 00:13:42,955 ON INNOVATION. 440 00:13:42,955 --> 00:13:46,458 SO IF WE CAN GET TO A PLACE IN 441 00:13:46,458 --> 00:13:49,061 LOW EARTH ORBIT THAT IS ALMOST 442 00:13:49,061 --> 00:13:50,296 ENTIRELY COMMERCIALIZED THAT 443 00:13:50,296 --> 00:13:51,697 MEANS NASA CAN USE ITS 444 00:13:51,697 --> 00:13:52,731 GOVERNMENT MONEY, THE MON THAT I 445 00:13:52,731 --> 00:13:55,167 WE GET FROM THE TAX PAYERS TO DO 446 00:13:55,167 --> 00:13:56,702 THINGS THAT ARE LESS ROUTINE. 447 00:13:56,702 --> 00:13:58,270 THINGS THAT ARE EVERYBODY MORE 448 00:13:58,270 --> 00:13:59,905 DIFFICULT THAN SPACE IN LOW 449 00:13:59,905 --> 00:14:00,573 EARTH ORBIT. 450 00:14:00,573 --> 00:14:02,441 AND I WANT TO BE REALLY CLEAR. 451 00:14:02,441 --> 00:14:03,943 SPACE IS NEVER ROUTINE. 452 00:14:03,943 --> 00:14:06,378 BUT IT CAN BE MORE ROUTINE OR 453 00:14:06,378 --> 00:14:06,979 LESS ROUTINE. 454 00:14:06,979 --> 00:14:11,817 AND THE IDEA IS WE WANT TO USE 455 00:14:11,817 --> 00:14:14,019 GOVERNMENT RESOURCES, TAX-PAYER 456 00:14:14,019 --> 00:14:15,354 RESOURCES TO DO THINGS THAT 457 00:14:15,354 --> 00:14:20,059 CAN'T BE DONE COMMERCIALLY. 458 00:14:20,059 --> 00:14:22,795 IF WE CAN BUY ACCESS TO SPACE 459 00:14:22,795 --> 00:14:25,331 FOR LOWER EARTH ORBITING A A 460 00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:27,766 MUCH LESSER RACE AND GET BETTER 461 00:14:27,766 --> 00:14:28,500 CAPABILITIES AT THE SAME TIME WE 462 00:14:28,500 --> 00:14:29,902 CAN TAKE THOSE RESOURCES THAT WE 463 00:14:29,902 --> 00:14:31,904 SAVE AND DO DEEP SPACE 464 00:14:31,904 --> 00:14:32,605 EXPLORATION, WE CAN GO BACK TO 465 00:14:32,605 --> 00:14:34,907 THE MOON, GO TO MARS, WE CAN GO 466 00:14:34,907 --> 00:14:35,507 I DON'T UNDERSTAND. 467 00:14:35,507 --> 00:14:39,178 THE IDEA IS COMMERCIAL 468 00:14:39,178 --> 00:14:40,913 ENTERPRISE,, IS -- IT'S A UNIQUE 469 00:14:40,913 --> 00:14:43,616 WAY OF DESCRIBING IT. 470 00:14:43,616 --> 00:14:44,917 IT'S REALLY -- A LOT OF WHAT WE 471 00:14:44,917 --> 00:14:46,318 DO IS COMMERCIAL IN GENERAL. 472 00:14:46,318 --> 00:14:48,520 EVEN WHEN WE PURCHASE, OWN AND, 473 00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:50,389 OPERATE OUR OWN ROCKETS OR OUR 474 00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:53,025 OWN SPACECRAFT, WE ARE STILL 475 00:14:53,025 --> 00:14:54,426 UTILIZING COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY TO 476 00:14:54,426 --> 00:14:56,028 HELP US ACCOMPLISH THAT 477 00:14:56,028 --> 00:14:56,395 OBJECTIVE. 478 00:14:56,395 --> 00:14:57,997 WHAT WE ARE REALLY TALKING ABOUT 479 00:14:57,997 --> 00:14:59,365 ARE DIFFERENT WAYS OF 480 00:14:59,365 --> 00:14:59,798 CONTRACTING. 481 00:14:59,798 --> 00:15:01,400 DOES THE GOVERNMENT WANT TO 482 00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:02,534 PURCHASE, OWN, AND OPERATE THE 483 00:15:02,534 --> 00:15:03,636 SYSTEM OR DOES THE GOVERNMENT 484 00:15:03,636 --> 00:15:05,170 WANT TO BUY A SERVICE AND 485 00:15:05,170 --> 00:15:06,972 ULTIMATELY LET THE PROVIDER 486 00:15:06,972 --> 00:15:09,608 DETERMINE HOW IT'S GOING TO BE 487 00:15:09,608 --> 00:15:10,309 ACCOMPLISHED. 488 00:15:10,309 --> 00:15:12,011 AND DIFFERENT WAYS OF DOING 489 00:15:12,011 --> 00:15:13,245 DIFFERENT THINGS AND ULTIMATELY 490 00:15:13,245 --> 00:15:14,480 YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT ALL THE 491 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:15,581 DIFFERENT THINGS THAT NASA WANTS 492 00:15:15,581 --> 00:15:16,415 DO AND FIGURE OUT WHAT'S THE 493 00:15:16,415 --> 00:15:18,484 BEST WAY TO BUY IT. 494 00:15:18,484 --> 00:15:20,085 SO I WILL SAY THIS, SOME PEOPLE 495 00:15:20,085 --> 00:15:21,587 THINK THAT NASA IS COMPETING 496 00:15:21,587 --> 00:15:23,022 AGAINST COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY. 497 00:15:23,022 --> 00:15:24,823 WE ARE NOT. 498 00:15:24,823 --> 00:15:26,325 WE WANT COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY TO 499 00:15:26,325 --> 00:15:27,293 BE SUCCESSFUL. 500 00:15:27,293 --> 00:15:28,427 BECAUSE THEN WE CAN DO MORE THAN 501 00:15:28,427 --> 00:15:30,496 WE HAVE EVER DONE BEFORE. 502 00:15:30,496 --> 00:15:32,631 SO WHETHER IT'S LAUNCH OR 503 00:15:32,631 --> 00:15:33,999 SATELLITES OR DATA, IF THERE ARE 504 00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:35,334 THINGS THAT WE CAN BUY 505 00:15:35,334 --> 00:15:37,436 COMMERCIALLY AND WE CAN BE ONE 506 00:15:37,436 --> 00:15:39,305 CUSTOMER OF MANY AND THERE ARE 507 00:15:39,305 --> 00:15:40,339 COMPETITIVE PROVIDERS THAT CAN 508 00:15:40,339 --> 00:15:42,041 COMPETE ON PRICE AND INNOVATION, 509 00:15:42,041 --> 00:15:44,143 THAT'S ALL GOODNESS FOR US. 510 00:15:44,143 --> 00:15:46,345 AND RIGHT NOW, ONE OF THE 511 00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:47,279 EXCITING THINGS HAPPENING RIGHT 512 00:15:47,279 --> 00:15:49,181 NOW, IS THAT THERE IS MORE 513 00:15:49,181 --> 00:15:50,783 COMMERCIAL CAPABILITY THAN EVER 514 00:15:50,783 --> 00:15:51,116 BEFORE. 515 00:15:51,116 --> 00:15:53,419 WHICH GIVES US MORE TINT TO DO 516 00:15:53,419 --> 00:15:55,220 MORE THINGS THAN HAVE YOU EVER 517 00:15:55,220 --> 00:15:55,654 DONE BEFORE. 518 00:15:55,654 --> 00:15:57,556 THIS IS REALLY AN A IS MAAING 519 00:15:57,556 --> 00:15:59,491 TIME TO BE IN THIS INDUSTRY. 520 00:15:59,491 --> 00:16:01,727 THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION. 521 00:16:01,727 --> 00:16:03,429 >> THANKS VERY MUCH, JIM. 522 00:16:03,429 --> 00:16:05,164 OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM 523 00:16:05,164 --> 00:16:07,232 DOMINIQUE BREELAND FROM KSC. 524 00:16:07,232 --> 00:16:09,068 WE'LL SEE IT ON VIDEO. 525 00:16:09,068 --> 00:16:10,636 >> HI, MY NAME IS DOMINICK BRIE 526 00:16:10,636 --> 00:16:12,571 LAND HEAR AT KENNEDY SPACE 527 00:16:12,571 --> 00:16:14,139 CENTER AND I WOK TO THE SENATE 528 00:16:14,139 --> 00:16:14,506 DIRECTOR. 529 00:16:14,506 --> 00:16:16,175 MY QUESTION TO YOU IS HOW WILL 530 00:16:16,175 --> 00:16:17,242 CUBESATS ADVANCE NASA'S 531 00:16:17,242 --> 00:16:19,345 CAPABILITIES AND WHAT ROLE WILL 532 00:16:19,345 --> 00:16:20,479 ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS PLAY IN 533 00:16:20,479 --> 00:16:23,415 THE DEVELOPMENT? 534 00:16:23,415 --> 00:16:24,450 [ LAUGHTER ] 535 00:16:24,450 --> 00:16:28,654 >> WONDERFUL QUESTION. 536 00:16:28,654 --> 00:16:31,290 AGAIN, WE ARE IN AN ERA WHERE 537 00:16:31,290 --> 00:16:33,659 THINGS ARE NEW IN SPACE. 538 00:16:33,659 --> 00:16:34,727 VERY IN. 539 00:16:34,727 --> 00:16:37,229 THE IDEA THAT WE HAVE 540 00:16:37,229 --> 00:16:38,330 MINIATURIZATION OF ELECTRONICS 541 00:16:38,330 --> 00:16:39,965 AND REUSABLE ROCKETS AND 542 00:16:39,965 --> 00:16:43,402 ULTIMATELY THE ACCESS TO SPACE 543 00:16:43,402 --> 00:16:45,137 IS MORE THAN WE HAVE EVER HAD 544 00:16:45,137 --> 00:16:46,171 BEFORE IN HUMAN HISTORY AND THE 545 00:16:46,171 --> 00:16:48,107 COST IS LESS THAN ITS EVER BEEN. 546 00:16:48,107 --> 00:16:51,677 THESE ARE ALL WONDER THINGS AND 547 00:16:51,677 --> 00:16:53,579 CUBESATS REPRESENT AGAIN THE 548 00:16:53,579 --> 00:16:54,513 MINIATURIZATION OF ELECTRONICS 549 00:16:54,513 --> 00:16:55,948 AND RIGHT NOW AS A MATTER OF 550 00:16:55,948 --> 00:16:57,716 FACT, WE HAVE TWO CUBESATS FOR 551 00:16:57,716 --> 00:16:59,985 THE FIRST TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY, 552 00:16:59,985 --> 00:17:03,389 CUBESATS ARE ON AN INTER 553 00:17:03,389 --> 00:17:04,089 PLANETARY MISSION, THEY ARE ON 554 00:17:04,089 --> 00:17:05,824 THEIR WAY T MARS RIGHT NOW. 555 00:17:05,824 --> 00:17:07,326 THE MARCO CUBESATS THAT WERE 556 00:17:07,326 --> 00:17:08,660 LAUNCHED WITH INSIGHT WHICH IS A 557 00:17:08,660 --> 00:17:13,465 LANDER THAT WILL BE ON MARS 558 00:17:13,465 --> 00:17:14,533 AROUND THANKSGIVING TIME FRAME 559 00:17:14,533 --> 00:17:16,435 AND WE HAVE TWO CUBESATS ON THE 560 00:17:16,435 --> 00:17:19,638 WAY THERE THAT WILL BE RELAYING 561 00:17:19,638 --> 00:17:21,206 BACK TO EARTH WHAT IS HAPPENING 562 00:17:21,206 --> 00:17:26,345 DURING THE ENTRY, DECENT AND 563 00:17:26,345 --> 00:17:29,948 LANDING OF THE LANDS ORE MARS. 564 00:17:29,948 --> 00:17:33,852 FOR THE FIRST TIME WE ARE DOING 565 00:17:33,852 --> 00:17:36,088 IT THE QUESTION WAS HOW DO YOU 566 00:17:36,088 --> 00:17:37,523 CUBESATS IN THE FUTURE. 567 00:17:37,523 --> 00:17:38,891 WE HAVEN'T EVERYBODY REALLY 568 00:17:38,891 --> 00:17:42,027 BEGUN TO IMAGINE HOW CUBESATS 569 00:17:42,027 --> 00:17:42,661 WILL BENEFIT IT. 570 00:17:42,661 --> 00:17:44,563 A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THIS ROOM 571 00:17:44,563 --> 00:17:46,198 PROBABLY HAVE WONDERFUL IDEAS ON 572 00:17:46,198 --> 00:17:48,033 HOW TO USE CUBESATS AND WE WANT 573 00:17:48,033 --> 00:17:52,237 TO KNOW THOSE, BUT EVEN MORE SO, 574 00:17:52,237 --> 00:17:53,739 THE IDEA THAT WE CAN SEND 575 00:17:53,739 --> 00:17:57,576 CUBESATS ON LONG MISSIONS AND 576 00:17:57,576 --> 00:17:59,511 SOUP CATS ARE VALUABLE FOR A 577 00:17:59,511 --> 00:18:00,446 NUMBER OF REASONS, NUMBER ONE, 578 00:18:00,446 --> 00:18:04,583 THEY ARE NOT EXPENSIVE. 579 00:18:04,583 --> 00:18:05,818 NUMBER TWO, YOU CAN BUILD THEM 580 00:18:05,818 --> 00:18:07,252 VERY QUICKLY. 581 00:18:07,252 --> 00:18:08,887 YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE QUESTIONS 582 00:18:08,887 --> 00:18:11,190 IS UNIVERSITIES, HOW DO YOU GET 583 00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:11,757 UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED. 584 00:18:11,757 --> 00:18:13,559 WELL, IF YOU ARE A STUDENT AT A 585 00:18:13,559 --> 00:18:16,061 UNIVERSITY AND YOU ARE BUILDING 586 00:18:16,061 --> 00:18:18,697 A COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE FOR 587 00:18:18,697 --> 00:18:20,065 EXAMPLE, THAT COMMUNICATION 588 00:18:20,065 --> 00:18:20,766 SATELLITE COULD BE THREE YEARS 589 00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:24,436 IN THE MAKING. 590 00:18:24,436 --> 00:18:25,737 THE IF YOU ARE BUILDING A 591 00:18:25,737 --> 00:18:27,272 CUBESAT IN ONE SEMESTER YOU 592 00:18:27,272 --> 00:18:28,607 COULD BUILD THE DEVICE AND 593 00:18:28,607 --> 00:18:30,409 LAUNCH THE DEVICE AND HAVE IT ON 594 00:18:30,409 --> 00:18:32,544 ORBIT PRODUCING SOMETHING THAT'S 595 00:18:32,544 --> 00:18:35,214 VALUABLE FOR HUMANITY. 596 00:18:35,214 --> 00:18:36,148 CUBESATS REPRESENT COUNTRIES 597 00:18:36,148 --> 00:18:37,449 THAT WE ARE REALLY ONLY 598 00:18:37,449 --> 00:18:39,451 BEGINNING TO SCRAPE THE SURFACE 599 00:18:39,451 --> 00:18:41,086 OF AND I WOULD LOVE TO SEE A 600 00:18:41,086 --> 00:18:43,155 WHOLE HOST OF MORE MISSION WITH 601 00:18:43,155 --> 00:18:45,257 HIS CUBESATS AND THAT, OF 602 00:18:45,257 --> 00:18:47,459 COURSE, ENABLING US TO ENGAGE 603 00:18:47,459 --> 00:18:48,994 UNIVERSITIES AND YOUNG FOLKS IN 604 00:18:48,994 --> 00:18:50,395 WAYS THAT HISTORICALLY WE 605 00:18:50,395 --> 00:18:51,296 HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO. 606 00:18:51,296 --> 00:18:52,431 SO I THINK THERE IS A OT OF 607 00:18:52,431 --> 00:18:53,732 OPPORTUNITY THERE. 608 00:18:53,732 --> 00:18:56,235 THAT'S A WONDERFUL QUESTION. 609 00:18:56,235 --> 00:18:58,203 >> THANKS FOR SHARING YOUR 610 00:18:58,203 --> 00:18:58,537 PASSION. 611 00:18:58,537 --> 00:18:59,271 OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES FROM THE 612 00:18:59,271 --> 00:18:59,671 OTHER COAST. 613 00:18:59,671 --> 00:19:01,607 WE ARE GOING FROM FLORIDA TO 614 00:19:01,607 --> 00:19:04,176 AMES AND HEAR FROM JOHNNY. 615 00:19:04,176 --> 00:19:05,577 >> HI, MY NAME IS JOHNNY ZHANG 616 00:19:05,577 --> 00:19:08,180 AND I AM AN INTERN AT THE 617 00:19:08,180 --> 00:19:10,816 MISSION HERE AT NASA AIMS I JUST 618 00:19:10,816 --> 00:19:13,318 GRADUATED FROM UC SANTA BAR A 619 00:19:13,318 --> 00:19:13,919 BACK. 620 00:19:13,919 --> 00:19:15,554 PRESIDENT TRUMP RECENTLY SIGNED 621 00:19:15,554 --> 00:19:16,889 SPACE POLICY NUMBER ONE WITH 622 00:19:16,889 --> 00:19:19,057 INTENTION OF RETURNING 623 00:19:19,057 --> 00:19:20,425 ASTRONAUTS TO THE NOON, WHAT ARE 624 00:19:20,425 --> 00:19:22,327 YOUR PLANS SO FAR AS ACHIEVING 625 00:19:22,327 --> 00:19:22,761 THIS ENDEAVOR? 626 00:19:22,761 --> 00:19:24,530 WHAT IS YOUR GOAL TO 627 00:19:24,530 --> 00:19:25,964 ACCOMPLISHING THIS GOAL AND HOW 628 00:19:25,964 --> 00:19:28,133 CAN WE AS INTERNS HELP TO SEE IT 629 00:19:28,133 --> 00:19:28,901 THROUGH? 630 00:19:28,901 --> 00:19:33,939 >> THAT'S A WONDERFUL QUESTION. 631 00:19:33,939 --> 00:19:35,240 I KEEP SAYING THT FOR EVERYONE. 632 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:36,675 THESE ARE GREAT QUESTIONS. 633 00:19:36,675 --> 00:19:37,776 THIS MIGHT TAKE A WHILE TO 634 00:19:37,776 --> 00:19:38,877 ANSWER, I HOPE THAT'S OKAY. 635 00:19:38,877 --> 00:19:41,046 THIS WAS THE FIRST SPACE POLICY 636 00:19:41,046 --> 00:19:42,781 DIRECTIVE SIGNED BY THE 637 00:19:42,781 --> 00:19:43,749 PRESIDENT. 638 00:19:43,749 --> 00:19:45,584 HIS FIRST SPACE POLICY DIRECTIVE 639 00:19:45,584 --> 00:19:46,418 AND THAT IS THAT WE ARE GOING TO 640 00:19:46,418 --> 00:19:47,286 THE MOON. 641 00:19:47,286 --> 00:19:49,021 NOW, INTERESTINGLY, HE DIDN'T 642 00:19:49,021 --> 00:19:50,856 JUST SAY WE ARE GOING TO THE 643 00:19:50,856 --> 00:19:52,858 MOON, HE SAID WE ARE GOING TO 644 00:19:52,858 --> 00:19:55,060 THE MOON SUSTAINABLY. 645 00:19:55,060 --> 00:19:56,195 THAT'S A VERY DIFFERENT VISION 646 00:19:56,195 --> 00:19:58,497 THAN THE APOLLO ERA. 647 00:19:58,497 --> 00:19:59,631 IN APOLLO THE MISSION WAS TO GET 648 00:19:59,631 --> 00:20:02,034 TO THE MOON AS FAST AS WE CAN 649 00:20:02,034 --> 00:20:03,669 AND ULTIMATELY HAVE IT BE A 650 00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:05,671 PIECE OF DEMONSTRATING AMERICA'S 651 00:20:05,671 --> 00:20:07,906 ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AND 652 00:20:07,906 --> 00:20:09,041 POLITICAL PROWESS DURING THE 653 00:20:09,041 --> 00:20:10,075 TIME OF THE COLD WAR. 654 00:20:10,075 --> 00:20:11,944 THE MISSION WAS NOT TO GO AND TO 655 00:20:11,944 --> 00:20:13,979 STAY, THE MISSION WAS TO GO AND 656 00:20:13,979 --> 00:20:16,648 TO DEMONSTRATE THAT WE COULD. 657 00:20:16,648 --> 00:20:19,518 AND BECAUSE OF THAT, FROM 1969 658 00:20:19,518 --> 00:20:21,086 TO 1972, WE LANDED ON THE MOON 659 00:20:21,086 --> 00:20:22,854 SIX TIMES, WE HAD 12 HUMANS ON 660 00:20:22,854 --> 00:20:25,357 THE SURFACING DURING THAT TIME. 661 00:20:25,357 --> 00:20:27,059 AND THEN IT WAS OVER. 662 00:20:27,059 --> 00:20:30,896 AND AFTER THAT, WE HAD APOLLO 663 00:20:30,896 --> 00:20:32,731 SOYUZ AND NOW THAT I AM NASA 664 00:20:32,731 --> 00:20:33,532 ADMINISTRATOR AND I UNDERSTAND 665 00:20:33,532 --> 00:20:34,766 HOW THE RUSSIANS THINK, THEY 666 00:20:34,766 --> 00:20:42,341 CALL IT THE SOW USE SOYUZ APOLLO 667 00:20:42,341 --> 00:20:42,674 MISSION. 668 00:20:42,674 --> 00:20:43,709 THE IDEA WAS WHEN IT WAS OVER IT 669 00:20:43,709 --> 00:20:44,076 WAS OVER. 670 00:20:44,076 --> 00:20:44,977 THE PRESIDENT IS SAYING WE WANT 671 00:20:44,977 --> 00:20:48,113 TO GO BACK TO THE MOON D I WANT 672 00:20:48,113 --> 00:20:48,714 TO REPHRASE THAT. 673 00:20:48,714 --> 00:20:49,748 WE WANT TO GO FORWARD TO THE 674 00:20:49,748 --> 00:20:54,753 MOON BUT WE WANT TO DO IT TO 675 00:20:54,753 --> 00:20:55,053 STAY. 676 00:20:55,053 --> 00:20:55,787 WE WANT IT TO BE SUSTAINABLE. 677 00:20:55,787 --> 00:20:57,489 THE QUESTION IS HOW DO YOU 678 00:20:57,489 --> 00:20:58,423 ACCOMPLISH THAT OBJECTIVE? 679 00:20:58,423 --> 00:21:00,626 WE ARE GOING TO TAKE ADVANTAGE 680 00:21:00,626 --> 00:21:01,960 OF ALL OF OUR COMMERCIAL 681 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:03,328 PARTNERS, WHICH GOES TO YOUR 682 00:21:03,328 --> 00:21:04,029 QUESTION EARLIER. 683 00:21:04,029 --> 00:21:05,497 WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED WITH 684 00:21:05,497 --> 00:21:08,400 COMMERCIAL PARTNERS THAT THEY 685 00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:10,302 CAN INNOVATE TO REUSE ROCKETS. 686 00:21:10,302 --> 00:21:12,070 WHICH DROPS THE COSTS OF ACCESS 687 00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:14,539 TO SPACE. 688 00:21:14,539 --> 00:21:17,109 WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS WE WANT 689 00:21:17,109 --> 00:21:18,777 EVERYTHING TO BE REUSABLE. 690 00:21:18,777 --> 00:21:20,512 WE WANT LAUNCH TO BE REUSABLE. 691 00:21:20,512 --> 00:21:22,681 DROPPING THE COST OF ACCESS TO 692 00:21:22,681 --> 00:21:22,981 SPACE. 693 00:21:22,981 --> 00:21:24,916 WE WANT TUGS THAT GO BACK AND 694 00:21:24,916 --> 00:21:26,985 FORTH FROM EARTH ORBIT TO LUNAR 695 00:21:26,985 --> 00:21:27,286 ORBIT. 696 00:21:27,286 --> 00:21:29,154 WE WANT THOSE TUGS TO BE 697 00:21:29,154 --> 00:21:29,521 REUSABLE. 698 00:21:29,521 --> 00:21:30,222 IN OTHER WORDS, THEY ARE GOING 699 00:21:30,222 --> 00:21:32,124 TO NEED TO BE FUELED. 700 00:21:32,124 --> 00:21:35,394 AND SERVICED IN SPACE. 701 00:21:35,394 --> 00:21:38,563 WE WANT WHAT WE CALL THE GATEWAY 702 00:21:38,563 --> 00:21:38,897 GATEWAY. 703 00:21:38,897 --> 00:21:39,798 TO BE IN ORBIT AROUND THE MOON 704 00:21:39,798 --> 00:21:40,832 FOR A VERY LONG TIME. 705 00:21:40,832 --> 00:21:42,801 WE ARE GOING TO PUT IT IN WHAT'S 706 00:21:42,801 --> 00:21:46,071 CALLED A NEAR LINEAR HALO ORBIT 707 00:21:46,071 --> 00:21:47,673 AROUND THE MOON WHICH KIND OF 708 00:21:47,673 --> 00:21:48,874 BALANCES IN HONOR BIT YOU HAVE 709 00:21:48,874 --> 00:21:51,009 THE EARTH'S GRAVITY WELL AND THE 710 00:21:51,009 --> 00:21:52,577 MOON'S GRAVITY WELL THAT KIND OF 711 00:21:52,577 --> 00:21:54,079 PUTS IT IN A POSITION WHERE IT'S 712 00:21:54,079 --> 00:21:55,781 ORBITING THE MOON BUT ULTIMATELY 713 00:21:55,781 --> 00:21:57,349 DOESN'T REQUIRE MUCH PROPULSION 714 00:21:57,349 --> 00:21:58,650 TO STAY IN ITS ORBIT. 715 00:21:58,650 --> 00:22:00,419 IT CAN STAY FOR A RAILROAD VERY 716 00:22:00,419 --> 00:22:01,153 LONG TIME. 717 00:22:01,153 --> 00:22:06,858 THE GATEWAY WOULD BE A HUH HABIT 718 00:22:06,858 --> 00:22:07,292 SPACE STATION. 719 00:22:07,292 --> 00:22:09,127 WE DON'T WANT TO CALL IT A SPACE 720 00:22:09,127 --> 00:22:10,429 STATION BECAUSE PEOPLE THINK OF 721 00:22:10,429 --> 00:22:12,564 AN INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 722 00:22:12,564 --> 00:22:14,132 THE GATE POST IS MORE OF AN 723 00:22:14,132 --> 00:22:15,167 OUTPOST AROUND THE MOON THAT CAN 724 00:22:15,167 --> 00:22:17,469 BE OCCUPIED BY HUMANS FOR SHORTS 725 00:22:17,469 --> 00:22:18,670 PERIODS OF TIME BUT NOT 726 00:22:18,670 --> 00:22:20,405 PERMANENTLY OCCUPIED BY HUMANS, 727 00:22:20,405 --> 00:22:22,708 JUST BECAUSE IT WOULDN'T BE 728 00:22:22,708 --> 00:22:23,075 NECESSARY. 729 00:22:23,075 --> 00:22:24,142 BUT WE NEED THE GATEWAY TO GO 730 00:22:24,142 --> 00:22:25,344 THERE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME 731 00:22:25,344 --> 00:22:27,779 AND WE NEED LANDERS THAT GO BACK 732 00:22:27,779 --> 00:22:28,714 AND FORTH BETWEEN THE GATEWAY 733 00:22:28,714 --> 00:22:29,948 AND THE SURFACE OF THE MOON. 734 00:22:29,948 --> 00:22:32,050 WE NEED THOSE TO BE REUSABLE. 735 00:22:32,050 --> 00:22:34,186 WE NEED THE ENTIRE OKAY TEXTURE 736 00:22:34,186 --> 00:22:35,354 AROUND THE MOON AND TO THE MOON 737 00:22:35,354 --> 00:22:37,189 TO BE REUSABLE, DROPPING THE 738 00:22:37,189 --> 00:22:39,925 COST AND INCREASING THE ACCESS. 739 00:22:39,925 --> 00:22:41,426 WHEN I TALK ABOUT THIS, THAT 740 00:22:41,426 --> 00:22:42,928 MEANS THE UNITED STATES OF 741 00:22:42,928 --> 00:22:44,463 AMERICA, WE CAN'T DO ALL OF THAT 742 00:22:44,463 --> 00:22:45,530 BY OUR SELFS. 743 00:22:45,530 --> 00:22:46,598 SO WHAT DO WE NEED? 744 00:22:46,598 --> 00:22:48,967 WE NEED INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS. 745 00:22:48,967 --> 00:22:50,736 RIGHT NOW, THERE ARE MORE 746 00:22:50,736 --> 00:22:52,537 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS THAN AT 747 00:22:52,537 --> 00:22:54,239 ANY POINT IN WORLD HISTORY. 748 00:22:54,239 --> 00:22:56,274 AND THEY ALL ARE INTERESTED IN 749 00:22:56,274 --> 00:22:58,176 OUR VISION FOR THE MOON. 750 00:22:58,176 --> 00:22:59,544 AND I KNOW TAT AND I JUST LAST 751 00:22:59,544 --> 00:23:00,779 WEEK I WAS IN EUROPE AND I HAD 752 00:23:00,779 --> 00:23:03,882 THE OPPORTUNITY TO TALK TO MANY 753 00:23:03,882 --> 00:23:05,283 DIFFERENT SPACE AGENCY HEADS 754 00:23:05,283 --> 00:23:07,185 FROM AROUND THE WORLD. 755 00:23:07,185 --> 00:23:08,620 AND THEY ARE ALL VERY EXCITED 756 00:23:08,620 --> 00:23:10,055 ABOUT GOING TO THE MOON. 757 00:23:10,055 --> 00:23:12,257 SO WE NEED ALL OF THEM TO BE 758 00:23:12,257 --> 00:23:13,658 INVOLVED IN THIS ARC TEXTURE. 759 00:23:13,658 --> 00:23:15,460 SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THIS 760 00:23:15,460 --> 00:23:16,294 ARCHITECTURE, YOU KNOW, I 761 00:23:16,294 --> 00:23:18,230 MENTIONED THE GATEWAY, THIS 762 00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:19,831 OUTPOST AROUND THE MOON, IT'S 763 00:23:19,831 --> 00:23:21,500 GOING TO BE AN OPEN 764 00:23:21,500 --> 00:23:22,434 ARCHITECTURE. 765 00:23:22,434 --> 00:23:24,936 SO THE WAY THAT WE DOCK TO IT 766 00:23:24,936 --> 00:23:28,173 AND THE WAY THAT WE UTILIZE ITS 767 00:23:28,173 --> 00:23:28,473 POWER. 768 00:23:28,473 --> 00:23:29,608 ALL OF THESE THINGS ARE GOING TO 769 00:23:29,608 --> 00:23:31,410 BE PUBLISHED ONLINE. 770 00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:33,612 SO PEOPLE OUT THERE WHO HAVE 771 00:23:33,612 --> 00:23:35,881 GOOD IDEAS THAT WANT TO, YOU 772 00:23:35,881 --> 00:23:36,915 KNOW, SUBMIT IDEAS ON HOW TO 773 00:23:36,915 --> 00:23:38,183 TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE GATEWAY, 774 00:23:38,183 --> 00:23:40,519 WE WANT THEM ALL TO PARTICIPATE. 775 00:23:40,519 --> 00:23:42,220 SO THERE ARE SMALL COUNTRYS THAT 776 00:23:42,220 --> 00:23:43,255 CAN PARTICIPATE. 777 00:23:43,255 --> 00:23:45,557 THAT DON'T HAVE HUGE BUDGETS AND 778 00:23:45,557 --> 00:23:48,193 THERE ARE LARGE COUNTRIES THAT 779 00:23:48,193 --> 00:23:48,593 PARTICIPATE. 780 00:23:48,593 --> 00:23:49,494 THERE ARE SMALL COMPANIES THAT 781 00:23:49,494 --> 00:23:50,228 CAN PARTICIPATE. 782 00:23:50,228 --> 00:23:50,929 AND LARGE COMPANIES. 783 00:23:50,929 --> 00:23:52,431 SO WE WANT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF 784 00:23:52,431 --> 00:23:54,065 ALL OF OUR COMMERCIAL PARTNERS, 785 00:23:54,065 --> 00:23:55,901 ALL OF OUR INTERNATIONAL 786 00:23:55,901 --> 00:23:57,169 PARTNERS, WE WANT IT TO BE AN 787 00:23:57,169 --> 00:23:58,904 OPEN ARCHITECTURE WHERE 788 00:23:58,904 --> 00:24:00,705 EVERYBODY CAN PARTICIPATE. 789 00:24:00,705 --> 00:24:02,641 AND THE GLORY OF THE GATEWAY IS 790 00:24:02,641 --> 00:24:05,243 THAT IT'S CRITICAL 791 00:24:05,243 --> 00:24:06,578 INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISHED BY 792 00:24:06,578 --> 00:24:07,913 THE UNITED STATES AND OUR 793 00:24:07,913 --> 00:24:13,051 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, FROM 794 00:24:13,051 --> 00:24:14,386 WHENCE EVERYBODY CAN HAVE ACCESS 795 00:24:14,386 --> 00:24:15,720 AND BUILD THAT SUSTAINABLE 796 00:24:15,720 --> 00:24:16,154 ARCHITECTURE. 797 00:24:16,154 --> 00:24:16,988 THE OTHER THING ABOUT THE 798 00:24:16,988 --> 00:24:18,690 GATEWAY IS THAT IT GETS TO US 799 00:24:18,690 --> 00:24:20,592 MORE PARTS OF THE MOON THAN WE 800 00:24:20,592 --> 00:24:22,060 HAVE EVER BEEN ABLE TO GET TO 801 00:24:22,060 --> 00:24:22,394 BEFORE. 802 00:24:22,394 --> 00:24:25,163 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE MOON, 803 00:24:25,163 --> 00:24:27,065 FROM 1969 TO 1972, WE LANDED IN 804 00:24:27,065 --> 00:24:29,100 SIX DIFFERENT LOCATIONS ALL I 805 00:24:29,100 --> 00:24:31,269 THE EX-ARE TOUR YELL REGIONS. 806 00:24:31,269 --> 00:24:32,737 FROM 1969 ALL THE WAY UP UNTIL 807 00:24:32,737 --> 00:24:34,039 2008 WE BELIEVED THAT THE MOON 808 00:24:34,039 --> 00:24:35,841 WAS BONE DRY. 809 00:24:35,841 --> 00:24:40,078 THAT IT WAS JUST A BONE DRY 810 00:24:40,078 --> 00:24:42,247 PLANETARY OR LUNAR BODY, 811 00:24:42,247 --> 00:24:44,015 WHATEVER. 812 00:24:44,015 --> 00:24:46,751 NOW, IN 2008, THE INDIANS MADE A 813 00:24:46,751 --> 00:24:48,353 DISCOVERY IN 2009, WE DOUBLED 814 00:24:48,353 --> 00:24:49,654 DOWN ON IT. 815 00:24:49,654 --> 00:24:51,389 THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS 816 00:24:51,389 --> 00:24:53,225 OF TONS OF WATER ICE AT THE 817 00:24:53,225 --> 00:24:54,960 POLES OF THE MOON. 818 00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:57,362 HOW DID WE GO FOR ALMOST 40 YEAR 819 00:24:57,362 --> 00:24:59,264 OLD WITHOUT KNOWING THAT THERE 820 00:24:59,264 --> 00:25:01,299 WERE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF 821 00:25:01,299 --> 00:25:02,901 TONS OF WATER ICE AT THE POLES 822 00:25:02,901 --> 00:25:03,568 OF THE MOON? 823 00:25:03,568 --> 00:25:04,936 HOW DID WE DO THAT? 824 00:25:04,936 --> 00:25:06,271 IT'S BECAUSE WE WENT TO ONE PART 825 00:25:06,271 --> 00:25:07,639 OF THE MOON. 826 00:25:07,639 --> 00:25:09,307 THE EQUATORIAL REGIONS. 827 00:25:09,307 --> 00:25:11,576 IT WOULD BE LIKE LANDING IN THE 828 00:25:11,576 --> 00:25:13,445 MIDDLE EAST AND TRYING TO MAKE 829 00:25:13,445 --> 00:25:16,248 AN ASSESSMENT WHAT IS EARTH 830 00:25:16,248 --> 00:25:17,549 LIKE, YOU KNOW, IN MARYLAND. 831 00:25:17,549 --> 00:25:19,084 IT'S JUST DIFFICULT TO DO THAT. 832 00:25:19,084 --> 00:25:21,152 SO WE WANT MORE ACCESS TO MORE 833 00:25:21,152 --> 00:25:23,421 PARTS OF THE MOON, THAN WE HAVE 834 00:25:23,421 --> 00:25:23,889 EVER HAD BEFORE. 835 00:25:23,889 --> 00:25:26,157 AND WE DO THAT WITH THE GATEWAY. 836 00:25:26,157 --> 00:25:27,826 THE GATEWAY IS GOING TO HAVE 837 00:25:27,826 --> 00:25:29,461 SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION, 838 00:25:29,461 --> 00:25:31,596 THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS THE 839 00:25:31,596 --> 00:25:33,098 MASS IS MUCH LESS THAN THE 840 00:25:33,098 --> 00:25:34,199 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, 841 00:25:34,199 --> 00:25:35,233 NUMBER ONE IT KEEPS THE COST 842 00:25:35,233 --> 00:25:36,535 DOWN, NUMBER TWO, WITH LESS 843 00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:38,470 MASS, YOU CAN USE SOLAR ELECTRIC 844 00:25:38,470 --> 00:25:40,372 PROPULSION, WHICH HAS VERY HIGH 845 00:25:40,372 --> 00:25:43,108 SPECIFIC IMPULSE, BUT VERY LOW, 846 00:25:43,108 --> 00:25:45,043 JUST TOTAL THRUST. 847 00:25:45,043 --> 00:25:46,344 BUT BECAUSE OF THE ORBIT THAT 848 00:25:46,344 --> 00:25:48,413 IT'S IN, IT CAN GET TO THE L 1. 849 00:25:48,413 --> 00:25:50,415 AND THE L 2. AND GIVE US MORE 850 00:25:50,415 --> 00:25:52,384 ACCESS TO MORE PARTS OF THE MOON 851 00:25:52,384 --> 00:25:54,319 THAT EVER EVER BEFORE. 852 00:25:54,319 --> 00:25:55,854 THE OTHER THING THAT'S IMPORTANT 853 00:25:55,854 --> 00:25:57,055 ABOUT THIS ARCHITECTURE AROUND 854 00:25:57,055 --> 00:25:59,224 THE MOON, IT'S SUSTAINABLE, IT 855 00:25:59,224 --> 00:26:00,392 TAKES ADVANTAGE OF OUR 856 00:26:00,392 --> 00:26:01,526 COMMERCIAL PARTNERS, IT TAKES 857 00:26:01,526 --> 00:26:07,165 ADVANTAGE OF OUR INTERNATIONAL 858 00:26:07,165 --> 00:26:09,801 PARTNERS, BUT IT'S ALSO ALL 859 00:26:09,801 --> 00:26:13,004 RECOGNIZE POLICE 860 00:26:13,004 --> 00:26:14,306 REPLICATABLE AT MARS. 861 00:26:14,306 --> 00:26:16,841 THE SECOND GATEWAY WOULD BE A 862 00:26:16,841 --> 00:26:17,943 DEEP SPACE TRANSPORT THAT TAKES 863 00:26:17,943 --> 00:26:22,247 US TO MARS. 864 00:26:22,247 --> 00:26:23,582 >> Reporter: SO IF EVERYTHING IS 865 00:26:23,582 --> 00:26:24,883 REUSABLE AND SUSTAINABLE AND WE 866 00:26:24,883 --> 00:26:25,817 CAN REPLICATE IT AS MARS, THAT 867 00:26:25,817 --> 00:26:27,419 GIVES US THE ABILITY FOR THE 868 00:26:27,419 --> 00:26:33,091 FIRST TIME TO LAND HUMANITY TO 869 00:26:33,091 --> 00:26:35,193 LAND HUMANITY ON MARS IN AN 870 00:26:35,193 --> 00:26:36,161 INTERNATIONAL, SUSTAINABLE WAY. 871 00:26:36,161 --> 00:26:37,529 THE QUESTION WAS ABOUT SPACE 872 00:26:37,529 --> 00:26:40,365 POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE AND OUR 873 00:26:40,365 --> 00:26:42,167 MOVE FORWARD TO THE MOON. 874 00:26:42,167 --> 00:26:44,302 AND EVERYBODY BEYOND. 875 00:26:44,302 --> 00:26:46,304 THAT'S ULTIMATELY KIND OF THE 876 00:26:46,304 --> 00:26:48,139 VISION FOR IT. 877 00:26:48,139 --> 00:26:49,140 AND THE PRESIDENT IS VERY 878 00:26:49,140 --> 00:26:50,442 EXCITED ABOUT IT. 879 00:26:50,442 --> 00:26:51,977 AND I'LL TELL YOU, THERE IS A 880 00:26:51,977 --> 00:26:53,211 LOT OF OTHER PEOPLE EXCITED 881 00:26:53,211 --> 00:26:54,012 ABOUT IT, INCLUDING ME. 882 00:26:54,012 --> 00:26:55,046 AND I HOPE YOU. 883 00:26:55,046 --> 00:26:56,681 BECAUSE IT'S A BIG DEAL. 884 00:26:56,681 --> 00:26:57,549 >> THANKS, JIM. 885 00:26:57,549 --> 00:26:58,550 OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES UP FROM 886 00:26:58,550 --> 00:27:00,151 A DIFFERENT PART OF THE MOON. 887 00:27:00,151 --> 00:27:03,588 SO LET'S, CARLI PRICE IS NEXT. 888 00:27:03,588 --> 00:27:04,556 >> HI, CARLI. 889 00:27:04,556 --> 00:27:05,523 >> HI, MY NAME IS CARLI PRICE 890 00:27:05,523 --> 00:27:07,659 AND I AM WITH NASA'S NEEDN'T 891 00:27:07,659 --> 00:27:08,760 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION 892 00:27:08,760 --> 00:27:09,094 PROGRAM. 893 00:27:09,094 --> 00:27:12,697 I GO TO OKLAHOMA CITY 894 00:27:12,697 --> 00:27:13,098 UNIVERSITY. 895 00:27:13,098 --> 00:27:14,699 SO THE COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY 896 00:27:14,699 --> 00:27:16,234 SERVICE HAS BEEN A HUGE SUCCESS 897 00:27:16,234 --> 00:27:18,436 IN DRIVING DOWN THE COSTS TO 898 00:27:18,436 --> 00:27:20,739 SEND PAY LOW LOADS IN TO EARTH 899 00:27:20,739 --> 00:27:22,273 ORBIT ULTIMATELY SAVING TAX 900 00:27:22,273 --> 00:27:23,975 PAYER DOLLARS, DO YOU SEE NASA 901 00:27:23,975 --> 00:27:25,310 SIGNING OTHER SPACE ACT 902 00:27:25,310 --> 00:27:27,946 AGREEMENTS THAT WOULD ULTIMATELY 903 00:27:27,946 --> 00:27:30,515 MAKE FOR A LUNAR SPACE STATION, 904 00:27:30,515 --> 00:27:38,089 A LUNAR BASE AND A MANSION PAR M 905 00:27:38,089 --> 00:27:38,490 >> BASE? 906 00:27:38,490 --> 00:27:39,190 >> THE WE ARE IS QUESTION. 907 00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:40,625 I DON'T KNOW ABOUT A MARTIAN 908 00:27:40,625 --> 00:27:41,660 BASE AT THIS POINT, BUT I WILL 909 00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:43,261 TELL YOU THIS, EVERYTHING THAT I 910 00:27:43,261 --> 00:27:44,295 JUST TALKED ABOUT, TALKING ABOUT 911 00:27:44,295 --> 00:27:47,599 THE MOON, AROUND THE MOON, ON 912 00:27:47,599 --> 00:27:49,768 THE MOON, TO THE MOON AND THEN 913 00:27:49,768 --> 00:27:51,436 REPLICATING THAT AT MARS. 914 00:27:51,436 --> 00:27:52,303 THE VERY FIRST THING WE ARE 915 00:27:52,303 --> 00:27:55,507 DOING RIGHT NOW WE L A HAVE A 916 00:27:55,507 --> 00:27:56,341 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL THAT WE 917 00:27:56,341 --> 00:27:58,977 HAVE ALREADY PUT OUT IT'S 918 00:27:58,977 --> 00:28:02,781 ACTUALLY A DRAFT REQUEST FOR 919 00:28:02,781 --> 00:28:06,518 PROPOSAL FOR LUNAR PAYLOAD 920 00:28:06,518 --> 00:28:06,885 SERVICES. 921 00:28:06,885 --> 00:28:08,853 NASA WANTS TO BUY SURFACES TO 922 00:28:08,853 --> 00:28:11,990 GET TO THE SURFACE OF THE MOON 923 00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:15,427 WITH SMALL LANDERSES AND LIGHT 924 00:28:15,427 --> 00:28:16,728 PAYLOADS, INSTRUMENTS, WE WANT 925 00:28:16,728 --> 00:28:18,363 TO PUT INSTRUMENT ON THE SURFACE 926 00:28:18,363 --> 00:28:20,365 OF THE MOON BUT WE DON'T WANT TO 927 00:28:20,365 --> 00:28:21,766 PURCHASE, OWN, AND OPERATE THE 928 00:28:21,766 --> 00:28:26,104 LANDERS THAT GET US THERE. 929 00:28:26,104 --> 00:28:27,739 SO WE WILL BUY IT COMMERCIALLY. 930 00:28:27,739 --> 00:28:29,040 THAT DOESN'T MEAN AND, THIS IS 931 00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:30,341 AN IMPORTANT POINT TO MAKE, 932 00:28:30,341 --> 00:28:33,211 BECAUSE I DON'T WANT TO RAISE 933 00:28:33,211 --> 00:28:36,981 EXPECTATIONS. 934 00:28:36,981 --> 00:28:38,516 THIS HAS NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE. 935 00:28:38,516 --> 00:28:40,785 THAT MEANS THERE WILL BE PEOPLE 936 00:28:40,785 --> 00:28:42,153 THAT ATTEMPT AND DON'T 937 00:28:42,153 --> 00:28:42,921 NECESSARILY SUCCEED. 938 00:28:42,921 --> 00:28:44,189 AS NASA ADMINISTRATOR, MY GOAL 939 00:28:44,189 --> 00:28:49,928 IS TO GIVE PEOPLE AND COMPANIES 940 00:28:49,928 --> 00:28:51,396 OPPORTUNITIES TO TAKE SHOTS ON 941 00:28:51,396 --> 00:28:51,696 GOAL. 942 00:28:51,696 --> 00:28:52,897 IF QUESTION SIX DIFFERENT 943 00:28:52,897 --> 00:28:53,932 COMPANIES ATTEMPT LAND ON THE 944 00:28:53,932 --> 00:28:56,835 SURFACE OF THE MOON WITH 945 00:28:56,835 --> 00:28:57,869 10 POUNDS WORTH OF INSTRUMENTS, 946 00:28:57,869 --> 00:29:03,575 AND ONE OF THEM SUCCEEDS. 947 00:29:03,575 --> 00:29:05,710 IF WE HAVE FIVE BURNING HOLES 948 00:29:05,710 --> 00:29:07,445 AND ONE SUCCESS, WE'LL LEARN A 949 00:29:07,445 --> 00:29:07,712 LOT. 950 00:29:07,712 --> 00:29:09,180 WE ARE NOT PUTTING HUMANS AT 951 00:29:09,180 --> 00:29:15,420 RISK HERE. 952 00:29:15,420 --> 00:29:16,354 THE LAST TIME WE HAD A SOFT LAND 953 00:29:16,354 --> 00:29:17,622 ON THIS MOON WAS 1972. 954 00:29:17,622 --> 00:29:18,556 IT'S BEEN A LONG TIME. 955 00:29:18,556 --> 00:29:19,791 THERE IS A LOT WE NEED TO LEARN. 956 00:29:19,791 --> 00:29:25,797 AND SO IF COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY IF 957 00:29:25,797 --> 00:29:27,298 WE CAN DEMONSTRATE THESE 958 00:29:27,298 --> 00:29:28,633 CAPABILITIES WE WANT TO ENABLE 959 00:29:28,633 --> 00:29:30,502 THEM TO DO THAT. 960 00:29:30,502 --> 00:29:31,503 BECAUSE OF THE WAY WE ARE GOING 961 00:29:31,503 --> 00:29:33,204 ABOUT IT, IT'S ALL ABOUT COST 962 00:29:33,204 --> 00:29:35,874 AND EFFICIENCY, WE CAN AFFORD 963 00:29:35,874 --> 00:29:36,808 SOME FAILURES. 964 00:29:36,808 --> 00:29:38,042 NOW, IF WE GO FORWARD LIKE WE 965 00:29:38,042 --> 00:29:40,779 DID IN 19 -- IN THE 1960s 966 00:29:40,779 --> 00:29:43,181 WITH, A MASSIVE MULTI BILLION 967 00:29:43,181 --> 00:29:46,684 DOLLARS PROJECT AND IT FAILS 968 00:29:46,684 --> 00:29:49,654 THAT'S NOT WHAT WE WANT, WE WANT 969 00:29:49,654 --> 00:29:55,026 TO TAKE SMALL LANDERS AND LEARN 970 00:29:55,026 --> 00:29:56,594 FROM THAT AND MAKE BIGGER 971 00:29:56,594 --> 00:29:57,929 LANDERS THAT CAN CARRY HUMANS. 972 00:29:57,929 --> 00:29:59,531 WE WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR 973 00:29:59,531 --> 00:30:00,265 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS ARE 974 00:30:00,265 --> 00:30:01,132 STEPPING YOU WANT TO PLATE AS 975 00:30:01,132 --> 00:30:02,433 WELL. 976 00:30:02,433 --> 00:30:03,701 LAST WEEK D ACTUALLY TWO WEEKS 977 00:30:03,701 --> 00:30:04,869 AGO NOW I WAS IN ISRAEL. 978 00:30:04,869 --> 00:30:06,237 THERE IS A COMPANY OUT THERE 979 00:30:06,237 --> 00:30:07,438 CALLED SPACE IO. 980 00:30:07,438 --> 00:30:09,841 AND IN DECEMBER THEY ARE 981 00:30:09,841 --> 00:30:12,076 LAUNCHING TO THE MOON. 982 00:30:12,076 --> 00:30:14,212 IN FEBRUARY, THEY ARE DOING A 983 00:30:14,212 --> 00:30:15,246 VERY -- THEY ARE DOING THIS KIND 984 00:30:15,246 --> 00:30:17,949 OF CYCLE ON THE WAY OUT THERE. 985 00:30:17,949 --> 00:30:19,450 THEY ARE GOING IT LANDS IN 986 00:30:19,450 --> 00:30:23,588 FEBRUARY, LAUNCH IN DECEMBER AND 987 00:30:23,588 --> 00:30:24,522 LAND IN FEBRUARY. 988 00:30:24,522 --> 00:30:25,723 LESS THAN $100 MILLION. 989 00:30:25,723 --> 00:30:26,424 AND THEY ARE GOING TO LAND ON 990 00:30:26,424 --> 00:30:28,426 THE MOON WITH A SMALL LANDER AND 991 00:30:28,426 --> 00:30:31,563 A LIGHT PAY LOWELL AND, OF 992 00:30:31,563 --> 00:30:32,463 COURSE, WE ARE WORKING NOW TO 993 00:30:32,463 --> 00:30:34,599 DETERMINE HOW ARE REWE GOING TO 994 00:30:34,599 --> 00:30:36,968 PARTNER WITH THEM ALL KINDS OF 995 00:30:36,968 --> 00:30:38,636 THINGS THAT NEED OUR SUPPORT ON, 996 00:30:38,636 --> 00:30:41,406 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT 997 00:30:41,406 --> 00:30:43,408 COMMUNICATIONS. 998 00:30:43,408 --> 00:30:44,409 AND OF COURSE WE WANT TO OFFER 999 00:30:44,409 --> 00:30:45,510 THAT UP TO THEM. 1000 00:30:45,510 --> 00:30:47,779 THE LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER 1001 00:30:47,779 --> 00:30:49,113 IS A CAPABILITY THAT WE HAVE 1002 00:30:49,113 --> 00:30:54,252 THAT THEY COULD BENEFIT FROM AND 1003 00:30:54,252 --> 00:30:55,186 GETTING VIDEO OF THEIR LANDING 1004 00:30:55,186 --> 00:30:55,687 IF YOU WILL. 1005 00:30:55,687 --> 00:30:56,654 THERE IS A LOT OF OPPORTUNITIES 1006 00:30:56,654 --> 00:30:57,956 FOR US TO PARTNER WITH THEM. 1007 00:30:57,956 --> 00:31:03,261 WE WANT THEM TO BE SUCCESSFUL. 1008 00:31:03,261 --> 00:31:04,596 IF WE CAN HELP THEM BE 1009 00:31:04,596 --> 00:31:05,496 SUCCESSFUL IT'S GOOD FOR US, 1010 00:31:05,496 --> 00:31:07,031 IT'S GOOD FOR NASA, IT GIVES US 1011 00:31:07,031 --> 00:31:08,199 ANOTHER OPPORTUNITY TO GET 1012 00:31:08,199 --> 00:31:09,334 THINGS TO THE SURFACE OF THE 1013 00:31:09,334 --> 00:31:09,968 MOON AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. 1014 00:31:09,968 --> 00:31:11,536 SO THERE IS A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY 1015 00:31:11,536 --> 00:31:12,170 HERE. 1016 00:31:12,170 --> 00:31:15,573 NOT YOUR QUESTION GOES BEYOND 1017 00:31:15,573 --> 00:31:17,976 THE MOON, BUT THE WE ARE IS YES. 1018 00:31:17,976 --> 00:31:19,143 IF THERE ARE THINGS THAT WE CAN 1019 00:31:19,143 --> 00:31:19,844 ACQUIRE COMMERCIALLY. 1020 00:31:19,844 --> 00:31:21,112 WE WANT TO ACQUIRE IT. 1021 00:31:21,112 --> 00:31:22,981 I KNOW THAT'S NOT THE RIGHT 1022 00:31:22,981 --> 00:31:23,882 TERMINOLOGY, IF THERE ARE THINGS 1023 00:31:23,882 --> 00:31:25,617 THAT WE CAN BUY THE SERVICE, 1024 00:31:25,617 --> 00:31:26,851 PRETTY MUCH EVERYTHING THAT WE 1025 00:31:26,851 --> 00:31:27,118 DO. 1026 00:31:27,118 --> 00:31:28,219 WE BUY COMMERCIALLY. 1027 00:31:28,219 --> 00:31:29,621 THERE ARE THINGS THAT WE CAN 1028 00:31:29,621 --> 00:31:31,356 ACQUIRE AS A SERVICE RATHER THAN 1029 00:31:31,356 --> 00:31:32,957 HAVING TO PURCHASE, OWN, OPERATE 1030 00:31:32,957 --> 00:31:34,792 IT OURSELVES, AND WE CAN MAKE 1031 00:31:34,792 --> 00:31:36,594 THINGS HAPPEN FASTER AND MORE 1032 00:31:36,594 --> 00:31:38,396 EFFICIENTLY THAN I AM ALL FOR 1033 00:31:38,396 --> 00:31:38,696 THAT. 1034 00:31:38,696 --> 00:31:43,167 SO THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION. 1035 00:31:43,167 --> 00:31:44,002 >> THANKS, JIM, OUR NEXT 1036 00:31:44,002 --> 00:31:45,169 QUESTION IS FURTHER WAY. 1037 00:31:45,169 --> 00:31:47,538 WE GO GOING TO OUR COLLEAGUES AT 1038 00:31:47,538 --> 00:31:49,741 STENNIS RESEARCH CENTER. 1039 00:31:49,741 --> 00:31:51,276 >> THE ROVER ECLIPSE MISSION IS 1040 00:31:51,276 --> 00:31:53,778 SET TO LAUNCH IN THE 2020s, 1041 00:31:53,778 --> 00:31:55,880 EUROPA SAY A CANDIDATE FOR 1042 00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:57,148 HARBORING LIFE AS WELL IS AN 1043 00:31:57,148 --> 00:31:58,082 INTERESTING MOON TO STUDY. 1044 00:31:58,082 --> 00:31:58,783 WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE 1045 00:31:58,783 --> 00:32:00,051 MISSION AND WHAT DO YOU HOPE 1046 00:32:00,051 --> 00:32:03,187 SOME OF OUR DISCOVERIES WILL BE? 1047 00:32:03,187 --> 00:32:05,590 >> ANOTHER GREAT QUESTION. 1048 00:32:05,590 --> 00:32:07,759 EUROPA REPRESENTS IN MY VIEW ONE 1049 00:32:07,759 --> 00:32:10,061 OF THE BEST PLACES WITHIN OUR 1050 00:32:10,061 --> 00:32:11,562 OWN SOLAR SYSTEM WHERE WE MIGHT 1051 00:32:11,562 --> 00:32:13,298 FIND LIFE. 1052 00:32:13,298 --> 00:32:16,868 OBVIOUSLY, IT'S A WATER WORLD. 1053 00:32:16,868 --> 00:32:18,536 IT HAS THIS ICE SHELL THAT 1054 00:32:18,536 --> 00:32:20,071 PROTECTS THE INSIDE OF IT. 1055 00:32:20,071 --> 00:32:21,572 FROM GARAGE TICK RADIATION, 1056 00:32:21,572 --> 00:32:22,974 WHICH IS IMPORTANT THINK SO 1057 00:32:22,974 --> 00:32:24,375 THERE IS A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY. 1058 00:32:24,375 --> 00:32:26,177 I REALLY BELIEVE THAT WHEN YOU 1059 00:32:26,177 --> 00:32:28,146 THINK ABOUT DEEP SPACE AND WHERE 1060 00:32:28,146 --> 00:32:33,051 WE SHOULD BE EXPLORING. 1061 00:32:33,051 --> 00:32:33,751 WISHED EXPLORE IN PLACE WHERE 1062 00:32:33,751 --> 00:32:34,886 HIS WE HAVE A PHONE SCOOL TO 1063 00:32:34,886 --> 00:32:35,954 FIND LIFE. 1064 00:32:35,954 --> 00:32:37,121 CONGRESS JOHN CULBERSON SAY GOOD 1065 00:32:37,121 --> 00:32:41,759 FRIEND OF MINE. 1066 00:32:41,759 --> 00:32:43,962 HE'S THE CHAIRMAN OF THE HOUSE 1067 00:32:43,962 --> 00:32:44,796 APPROPRIATIONS COMMIT KNIT HOUSE 1068 00:32:44,796 --> 00:32:45,463 OF RELATES TIFF. 1069 00:32:45,463 --> 00:32:46,464 HE'S WRITTEN IN THE LAW THAT YOU 1070 00:32:46,464 --> 00:32:47,598 ARE GOING TO EUROPA. 1071 00:32:47,598 --> 00:32:49,167 WHEN YOU TELL ME ABOUT EUROPA I 1072 00:32:49,167 --> 00:32:54,672 AM THINKING EUROPA. 1073 00:32:54,672 --> 00:32:56,407 HE IS THAT INTENT ON IT. 1074 00:32:56,407 --> 00:32:58,109 HE IS WRITTEN IT IN TO THE LAW, 1075 00:32:58,109 --> 00:33:02,347 AND WE ARE GOING TO EUROPA. 1076 00:33:02,347 --> 00:33:05,483 WE NEED TO DO THE CLIPPER 1077 00:33:05,483 --> 00:33:08,219 MISSION WHICH ULTIMATELY TAKES 1078 00:33:08,219 --> 00:33:10,121 NEWS HONOR BIT AROUND JUPITER SO 1079 00:33:10,121 --> 00:33:12,490 THAT WE CAN SEE AS MUCH OF 1080 00:33:12,490 --> 00:33:13,091 EUROPA AS WE CAN. 1081 00:33:13,091 --> 00:33:16,461 HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW. 1082 00:33:16,461 --> 00:33:18,329 WE HAVE SEEM PLUMES COMING OUT 1083 00:33:18,329 --> 00:33:20,031 OF EUROPA A WE ARE TALKING ABOUT 1084 00:33:20,031 --> 00:33:26,137 WATER GOING WAY OUT IN TO SPACE 1085 00:33:26,137 --> 00:33:27,005 COMING OUT OF EUROPA. 1086 00:33:27,005 --> 00:33:29,474 IF THERE IS WATER AND HEAT THERE 1087 00:33:29,474 --> 00:33:34,145 IS AN OPPORTUNITY THAT THERE 1088 00:33:34,145 --> 00:33:36,080 COULD BE LIFE SO THIS IS 1089 00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:37,548 SOMETHING THAT I AM VERY EXCITED 1090 00:33:37,548 --> 00:33:37,982 ABOUT. 1091 00:33:37,982 --> 00:33:39,484 IT'S SOMETHING THAT CONGRESS IS 1092 00:33:39,484 --> 00:33:43,521 VERY INTENT ON. 1093 00:33:43,521 --> 00:33:46,157 THE FIRST PIECE IS THE CLIPPER 1094 00:33:46,157 --> 00:33:48,092 MISSION WHERE WE CN FLY BY AND 1095 00:33:48,092 --> 00:33:49,560 GET AS GOOD INTELLIGENCE AS WE 1096 00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:50,395 CAN GET. 1097 00:33:50,395 --> 00:33:52,997 THE SECOND MISSION AND CHAIRMAN 1098 00:33:52,997 --> 00:33:53,865 CULBERSON IS KEEN ON THEM WE 1099 00:33:53,865 --> 00:33:55,967 HAVE TO GET A LANDER ON EUROPA. 1100 00:33:55,967 --> 00:33:58,870 THAT'S GOING TO BE A VERY TOUGH 1101 00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:01,706 PROBLEM TO SOLVE. 1102 00:34:01,706 --> 00:34:02,907 BUT CONGRESS IS IN ON IT. 1103 00:34:02,907 --> 00:34:05,143 WE ARE GOING FOR FOLLOW THE LAW. 1104 00:34:05,143 --> 00:34:07,779 AND ULTIMATELY IF WE DO SO, I 1105 00:34:07,779 --> 00:34:10,281 THINK WE HAVE A CHANCE, A THINK 1106 00:34:10,281 --> 00:34:12,417 NOT GOING TO PUT ODDS IT ON IT. 1107 00:34:12,417 --> 00:34:13,518 BUT WE HAVE A CHANCE OF FINDING 1108 00:34:13,518 --> 00:34:14,919 LIFE THAT'S NOT ON EARTH. 1109 00:34:14,919 --> 00:34:18,189 SO THAT WOULD BE A FASCINATING 1110 00:34:18,189 --> 00:34:18,556 DISCOVERY. 1111 00:34:18,556 --> 00:34:20,358 >> NEXT QUESTION IS FROM HANNAH 1112 00:34:20,358 --> 00:34:23,861 AT JPL. 1113 00:34:23,861 --> 00:34:26,531 >> MY NAME IS HANNAH I AND I AM 1114 00:34:26,531 --> 00:34:28,766 AN INTERN AT JPL HELPING TO MAKE 1115 00:34:28,766 --> 00:34:30,134 THE MISSION DATA FROM SATURN 1116 00:34:30,134 --> 00:34:31,369 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC. 1117 00:34:31,369 --> 00:34:32,270 NASA'S PRPOSE HAS CHANGED A LOT 1118 00:34:32,270 --> 00:34:34,138 IN THE 49 YEARS SINCE THE FIRST 1119 00:34:34,138 --> 00:34:36,040 MOON LANDED. 1120 00:34:36,040 --> 00:34:38,843 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY 1121 00:34:38,843 --> 00:34:41,312 CAN BE UNPREBICK TABLE WHAT DO 1122 00:34:41,312 --> 00:34:43,381 YOU HOPE THAT NASA WILL HOLD AS 1123 00:34:43,381 --> 00:34:45,616 WE ENTER THE WORKFORCE IN. 1124 00:34:45,616 --> 00:34:48,920 >> THAT'S A WIDE-OPEN QUESTION. 1125 00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:53,124 IT'S DIFFICULT TO EVENING 1126 00:34:53,124 --> 00:34:54,892 IMAGINE WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS. 1127 00:34:54,892 --> 00:34:58,429 WE THINK ABOUT JAMES WEBB SPACE 1128 00:34:58,429 --> 00:34:58,796 TELESCOPE. 1129 00:34:58,796 --> 00:34:59,564 WE WERE JUST TALKING ABOUT THIS 1130 00:34:59,564 --> 00:35:01,165 A COUPLE OF DAYS AGO. 1131 00:35:01,165 --> 00:35:03,668 WHEN WE STARTED THE JAMES WEBB 1132 00:35:03,668 --> 00:35:05,470 SPACE TELESCOPE. 1133 00:35:05,470 --> 00:35:07,071 WE DIDN'T EVERYBODY KNOW AN ECHO 1134 00:35:07,071 --> 00:35:12,143 PLANET EXISTED. 1135 00:35:12,143 --> 00:35:14,512 NOW WE DISCOVER NEW EXO PLANETS 1136 00:35:14,512 --> 00:35:15,980 EVERY DAY. 1137 00:35:15,980 --> 00:35:17,882 9,000 HAVE ALREADY BEEN 1138 00:35:17,882 --> 00:35:18,282 IDENTIFIED. 1139 00:35:18,282 --> 00:35:19,984 SO WHAT IS AMAZING IS, YOU KNOW, 1140 00:35:19,984 --> 00:35:21,352 WE START THESE MISSIONS NOT 1141 00:35:21,352 --> 00:35:22,186 KNOWING ULTIMATELY HOW WE ARE 1142 00:35:22,186 --> 00:35:25,356 GOING DO USE THE MISSIONS GOING 1143 00:35:25,356 --> 00:35:25,723 FORWARDS. 1144 00:35:25,723 --> 00:35:26,891 AND NOW WE HAVE THIS GREAT 1145 00:35:26,891 --> 00:35:28,693 ASSET, THE JAMES WEBB SPACE 1146 00:35:28,693 --> 00:35:30,261 TELESCOPE THAT WILL GIVE US MORE 1147 00:35:30,261 --> 00:35:32,730 INSIGHT PROBABLY IN TO EXO 1148 00:35:32,730 --> 00:35:37,268 PLANETS THAN WE COULD HAVE 1149 00:35:37,268 --> 00:35:37,635 IMAGINED. 1150 00:35:37,635 --> 00:35:38,803 THE IDEA THAT THERE IS A 1151 00:35:38,803 --> 00:35:40,037 SPECTROMETER WHERE A PLANET 1152 00:35:40,037 --> 00:35:41,239 FLIES IN FRONT OF IT'S A A STAR 1153 00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:42,373 AND THAT LIGHT HAS TO GO THROUGH 1154 00:35:42,373 --> 00:35:44,375 THAT PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE AND 1155 00:35:44,375 --> 00:35:45,877 WHEN YOU SPLIT THAT LIGHT UP, 1156 00:35:45,877 --> 00:35:48,312 AND YOU -- YOU ARE ABLE TO 1157 00:35:48,312 --> 00:35:50,414 DETERMINE WHAT LIGHT GOTTA BE 1158 00:35:50,414 --> 00:35:52,150 SORB AND THE WHAT DIDN'T GET 1159 00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:53,184 ABSORB AND THE BASED ON THAT 1160 00:35:53,184 --> 00:35:54,685 MAKE ASSESSMENTS AS TO WHAT THE 1161 00:35:54,685 --> 00:35:55,987 ATMOSPHERE OF THAT PLANET COULD 1162 00:35:55,987 --> 00:35:57,922 BE OR IS, ARE AND THEN DETERMINE 1163 00:35:57,922 --> 00:36:00,057 IF THAT PLANET IS CAPABLE OF 1164 00:36:00,057 --> 00:36:02,693 HOSTING LIFE, I MEAN, THIS GIVES 1165 00:36:02,693 --> 00:36:04,495 US REALMS OF POSSIBILITY THAT 10 1166 00:36:04,495 --> 00:36:05,897 YEARS AGO WE NEVER WOULD HAVE 1167 00:36:05,897 --> 00:36:09,400 EVERYBODY DREAMED OF. 1168 00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:11,469 SO FOR YOUR GENERATION, SHE WAS 1169 00:36:11,469 --> 00:36:12,970 ASKING ABOUT AS YOU GUYS ENTER 1170 00:36:12,970 --> 00:36:18,009 THE WORKFORCE, FOR YOUR 1171 00:36:18,009 --> 00:36:22,113 GENERATION IT'S WIDE OPEN. 1172 00:36:22,113 --> 00:36:22,947 WE CAN'T EVERYBODY IMAGINE WHAT 1173 00:36:22,947 --> 00:36:24,248 YOU WILL BE WORKING ON 20 YEARS 1174 00:36:24,248 --> 00:36:25,750 FROM NOW BECAUSE OF ALL THE 1175 00:36:25,750 --> 00:36:26,484 DISCOVERIES THAT ARE BEING MADE 1176 00:36:26,484 --> 00:36:26,918 RIGHT NOW. 1177 00:36:26,918 --> 00:36:28,119 JUST SINCE I HAVE BEEN AT NASA, 1178 00:36:28,119 --> 00:36:29,720 I HAVE BEEN HERE FOR -- WELL, 1179 00:36:29,720 --> 00:36:31,455 SINCE APRIL, JUST SINCE I HAVE 1180 00:36:31,455 --> 00:36:35,259 BEEN AT NASA, WE HAVE -- WE HAVE 1181 00:36:35,259 --> 00:36:39,497 DISCOVERED THE FACT THAT THERE 1182 00:36:39,497 --> 00:36:41,132 ARE COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON 1183 00:36:41,132 --> 00:36:43,134 THE SURFACE OF MARS, FOR 1184 00:36:43,134 --> 00:36:43,467 EXAMPLE. 1185 00:36:43,467 --> 00:36:46,170 DOESN'T GUARANTEE LIFE, BUT IT 1186 00:36:46,170 --> 00:36:47,271 CERTAINLY INCREASES THE 1187 00:36:47,271 --> 00:36:48,372 PROBABILITY OF LIFE. 1188 00:36:48,372 --> 00:36:51,008 WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT THERE 1189 00:36:51,008 --> 00:36:52,843 ARE SEASONS ON MARS THAT ARE 1190 00:36:52,843 --> 00:36:55,646 PERFECTLY IN LINE WITH METHANE 1191 00:36:55,646 --> 00:36:58,015 CYCLES ON MARS. 1192 00:36:58,015 --> 00:36:59,584 AGAIN, DOESN'T GUARANTEE LIFE 1193 00:36:59,584 --> 00:37:06,724 BUT INCREASESSAL POUR BOYLE INCR 1194 00:37:06,724 --> 00:37:07,558 JUST YESTERDAY REPORTS WERE THAT 1195 00:37:07,558 --> 00:37:09,327 WE HAVE A RADAR MISSION AROUND 1196 00:37:09,327 --> 00:37:11,028 MARS THAT HAS DISCOVERED THAT 1197 00:37:11,028 --> 00:37:13,364 THERE IS LIQUID WATER 1 1/2 1198 00:37:13,364 --> 00:37:14,232 KILOMETERS UNDERNEATH THE 1199 00:37:14,232 --> 00:37:16,367 SURFACE OF MARS. 1200 00:37:16,367 --> 00:37:18,269 NOW, YOU GO BACK 10 YEARS, WOULD 1201 00:37:18,269 --> 00:37:19,971 ANYBODY HAVE BELIEVED THAT? 1202 00:37:19,971 --> 00:37:21,405 YOU GO BACK 20 YEARS, WOULD 1203 00:37:21,405 --> 00:37:22,907 ANYBODY HAVE BELIEVED THAT MARS 1204 00:37:22,907 --> 00:37:28,246 HAS ICE CAPS? 1205 00:37:28,246 --> 00:37:29,547 WE ARE MAKING DISCOVERIES EVERY 1206 00:37:29,547 --> 00:37:30,982 DAY AND ALL OF THESE DISCOVERIES 1207 00:37:30,982 --> 00:37:34,819 ARE CHANGING HOW WE THINK ABOUT 1208 00:37:34,819 --> 00:37:36,220 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, THE COSMOS, 1209 00:37:36,220 --> 00:37:39,790 THE IDEA THAT WE ARE LEARNING 1210 00:37:39,790 --> 00:37:42,226 ABOUT, YOU KNOW, COSMIC DAWN. 1211 00:37:42,226 --> 00:37:43,427 WITH JAMES WEBB, WE ARE GOING TO 1212 00:37:43,427 --> 00:37:46,430 SEE BACK TO THE VERY BEGINNING 1213 00:37:46,430 --> 00:37:47,832 OF THE UNIVERSE. 1214 00:37:47,832 --> 00:37:49,700 THE VERY FIRST LIGHT. 1215 00:37:49,700 --> 00:37:52,570 AS THE UNIVERSE HAS EXPANDED, 1216 00:37:52,570 --> 00:37:54,705 OBVIOUSLY THE -- WHAT USED TO BE 1217 00:37:54,705 --> 00:37:57,675 VISIBLE LIGHT, THE, YOU KNOW, 1218 00:37:57,675 --> 00:37:59,977 THE SIGNALS OF COURSE ARE MUCH 1219 00:37:59,977 --> 00:38:01,279 BROADER NOW THAN THEY WERE BACK 1220 00:38:01,279 --> 00:38:02,213 THEN WHEN MEANS WE HAVE TO 1221 00:38:02,213 --> 00:38:04,348 DETECT IT IN INFRARED RATHER 1222 00:38:04,348 --> 00:38:05,216 THAN INVISIBLE LIGHT. 1223 00:38:05,216 --> 00:38:07,151 BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, WITH 1224 00:38:07,151 --> 00:38:10,421 THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, 1225 00:38:10,421 --> 00:38:15,660 OUT A MILLION MILES FROM EARTH, 1226 00:38:15,660 --> 00:38:19,397 AT DARN NEAR ZERO KELVIN, ZERO 1227 00:38:19,397 --> 00:38:21,132 KELVIN, BEING SO COLD WE CAN 1228 00:38:21,132 --> 00:38:23,100 PICK UP TRACE HEAT SIGNATURES OF 1229 00:38:23,100 --> 00:38:26,003 FROM THE VERY DAWN OF TIME, IF 1230 00:38:26,003 --> 00:38:26,637 YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT. 1231 00:38:26,637 --> 00:38:28,306 THE QUESTION IS, WHAT IS IT 1232 00:38:28,306 --> 00:38:30,408 GOING TO LOOK LIKE? 1233 00:38:30,408 --> 00:38:31,242 WE DON'T KNOW. 1234 00:38:31,242 --> 00:38:33,311 AND HOW ARE REGOING TO MODEL THE 1235 00:38:33,311 --> 00:38:35,646 VERY BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE. 1236 00:38:35,646 --> 00:38:37,014 AND WHEN YOU GO OUT TO THE EDGE 1237 00:38:37,014 --> 00:38:44,121 OF THE UNIVERSE. AND SEE THINGS 1238 00:38:44,121 --> 00:38:47,124 ARE ACCELERATING RAPIDLY FROM 1239 00:38:47,124 --> 00:38:48,459 THE AGAIN OF THE UNIVERSE THINK 1240 00:38:48,459 --> 00:38:50,328 IT'S HAPPENING TO THE POINT 1241 00:38:50,328 --> 00:38:52,363 WHERE ENTIRE GALAXIES AT THE 1242 00:38:52,363 --> 00:38:54,065 EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE ARE JUTIN 1243 00:38:54,065 --> 00:38:54,398 PEERING. 1244 00:38:54,398 --> 00:38:54,799 WHY IS THAT? 1245 00:38:54,799 --> 00:38:56,233 THEY ARE ACCELERATING PAST THE 1246 00:38:56,233 --> 00:38:57,268 SPEED OF LIGHT SO THE LIGHT 1247 00:38:57,268 --> 00:38:59,770 CAN'T GET BACK TO EARTH. 1248 00:38:59,770 --> 00:39:01,072 WHAT IS CAUSING -- WHERE IS ALL 1249 00:39:01,072 --> 00:39:02,273 THIS ENERGY COMING FROM? 1250 00:39:02,273 --> 00:39:03,441 WHAT IS CAUSING IT? 1251 00:39:03,441 --> 00:39:04,508 THERE ARE SO MANY THINGS THAT WE 1252 00:39:04,508 --> 00:39:05,476 ARE DISCOVERING RIGHT NOW. 1253 00:39:05,476 --> 00:39:08,145 THE IDEA OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, 1254 00:39:08,145 --> 00:39:09,980 HUH [CHEERING] HAS BEEN 1255 00:39:09,980 --> 00:39:11,015 HYPOTHESIZED FOREVER, NOW WE 1256 00:39:11,015 --> 00:39:11,849 HAVE DIRECT EVIDENCE OF IT. 1257 00:39:11,849 --> 00:39:14,185 BECAUSE OF WHAT NASA HAS DONE. 1258 00:39:14,185 --> 00:39:15,386 SO IT WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT 1259 00:39:15,386 --> 00:39:18,456 FOR ME TO PREDICT WHAT YOU MIGHT 1260 00:39:18,456 --> 00:39:20,725 BE DOING 20 YEARS FROM NOW. 1261 00:39:20,725 --> 00:39:22,626 IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE FOR ME TO 1262 00:39:22,626 --> 00:39:23,394 PREDICT THAT. 1263 00:39:23,394 --> 00:39:26,230 BUT I'LL TELL YOU THIS, IT'S 1264 00:39:26,230 --> 00:39:26,564 AMAZING. 1265 00:39:26,564 --> 00:39:27,865 YOU KNOW, JUST TALKING ABOUT 1266 00:39:27,865 --> 00:39:30,167 THIS -- THE ENERGY AND 1267 00:39:30,167 --> 00:39:32,403 ACCELERATION OF THE UNIVERSE 1268 00:39:32,403 --> 00:39:33,537 AND -- THERE IS PEOPLE IN THIS 1269 00:39:33,537 --> 00:39:34,672 AUDIENCE THAT ARE WAY SMARTER 1270 00:39:34,672 --> 00:39:36,707 THAN ME THAT CAN UNDERSTAND THIS 1271 00:39:36,707 --> 00:39:38,776 STUFF BETTER, BUT WE TALK ABOUT 1272 00:39:38,776 --> 00:39:40,811 DARK ENERGY, AND DARK MATTER. 1273 00:39:40,811 --> 00:39:42,046 WE CAN'T INTERACT WITH IT. 1274 00:39:42,046 --> 00:39:42,813 WE CAN'T SEE IT. 1275 00:39:42,813 --> 00:39:44,281 WE CAN'T DETECT IT. 1276 00:39:44,281 --> 00:39:46,117 BUT WE KNOW IT MUST BE THERE 1277 00:39:46,117 --> 00:39:47,585 BECAUSE WE CAN WITNESS ITS GRAPH 1278 00:39:47,585 --> 00:39:49,353 TAKE THE EFFECTS. 1279 00:39:49,353 --> 00:39:51,088 I MEAN, THERE IS SO MUCH TO 1280 00:39:51,088 --> 00:39:53,624 LEARN ABOUT THE PLACE WE CALL 1281 00:39:53,624 --> 00:39:55,826 HOME, WHICH IS OUR UNIVERSE. 1282 00:39:55,826 --> 00:39:58,729 AND BETWEEN NOW AND THE TIME NOT 1283 00:39:58,729 --> 00:39:59,964 JUST YOU ENTER THE WORKFORCE BUT 1284 00:39:59,964 --> 00:40:02,533 BY THE TIME YOU ARE AT MY CAREER 1285 00:40:02,533 --> 00:40:05,136 STAGE IN YOUR MID 40s, 1286 00:40:05,136 --> 00:40:06,237 EVERYTHING WE UNDERSTAND COULD 1287 00:40:06,237 --> 00:40:07,338 BE ENTIRELY DIFFERENT. 1288 00:40:07,338 --> 00:40:08,773 AS EVERYTHING WE UNDERSTAND 1289 00:40:08,773 --> 00:40:10,207 TODAY IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN IT 1290 00:40:10,207 --> 00:40:12,476 WAS 20 YEARS AGO. 1291 00:40:12,476 --> 00:40:13,844 SO THERE IS NO SHORTAGE OF 1292 00:40:13,844 --> 00:40:15,980 OPPORTUNITY AND NO SHORTAGE OF 1293 00:40:15,980 --> 00:40:18,282 GREAT THINGS FOR YOU TO DISCOVER 1294 00:40:18,282 --> 00:40:19,517 SHOULD YOU DECIDE TO STAY IN 1295 00:40:19,517 --> 00:40:21,786 THIS FIELD. 1296 00:40:21,786 --> 00:40:22,586 AND I'LL DO EVERYTHING THAT I 1297 00:40:22,586 --> 00:40:24,321 CAN TO MAKE YOU SUCCESSFUL IN 1298 00:40:24,321 --> 00:40:24,688 DOING IT. 1299 00:40:24,688 --> 00:40:25,556 BECAUSE IT'S IMPORTANT FOR ALL 1300 00:40:25,556 --> 00:40:30,428 OF HUMANITY. 1301 00:40:30,428 --> 00:40:31,462 THANK YOU FOR THAT QUESTION. 1302 00:40:31,462 --> 00:40:33,164 >> THAT'S A GREAT SECOND WAY TO 1303 00:40:33,164 --> 00:40:34,632 OUR NEXT QUESTION FROM PATRICK 1304 00:40:34,632 --> 00:40:35,232 AT HEAD KWAURSER. 1305 00:40:35,232 --> 00:40:37,701 >> HI THERE, I AM PADDOCK STOCK 1306 00:40:37,701 --> 00:40:39,236 SON I AM' INTERN AT NASA HEAD 1307 00:40:39,236 --> 00:40:40,538 QUARTERS AND A CURRENT STUDENT 1308 00:40:40,538 --> 00:40:42,373 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SAN 1309 00:40:42,373 --> 00:40:42,706 ANTONIO. 1310 00:40:42,706 --> 00:40:45,309 SO MY QUESTION FOR YOU IS, IN 1311 00:40:45,309 --> 00:40:46,744 DURING YOUR EARLY PROFESSIONAL 1312 00:40:46,744 --> 00:40:48,546 AND ACADEMIC CAREER, WHAT SKILL 1313 00:40:48,546 --> 00:40:49,780 OR EXPERIENCE HAS HAD THE MOST 1314 00:40:49,780 --> 00:40:50,815 IMPACT ON YOU TO GET YOU TO 1315 00:40:50,815 --> 00:40:59,256 WHERE YOU ARE TODAY? 1316 00:40:59,256 --> 00:41:00,357 >> IT'S INTERESTING MY 1317 00:41:00,357 --> 00:41:01,559 BACKGROUND IS QUITE VARIED. 1318 00:41:01,559 --> 00:41:04,295 LIKE I MENTIONED I STUDIED 1319 00:41:04,295 --> 00:41:05,262 ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS UNDER 1320 00:41:05,262 --> 00:41:06,697 GARAGE WALT THINK I ADDED A 1321 00:41:06,697 --> 00:41:07,832 THIRD MAJOR WHICH IS PSYCHOLOGY, 1322 00:41:07,832 --> 00:41:09,133 BUT WHEN I GRADUATED I DIDN'T 1323 00:41:09,133 --> 00:41:10,401 WANT TO DO ANY OF THAT STUFF AND 1324 00:41:10,401 --> 00:41:18,609 I BECAME A NAVY PILOT. 1325 00:41:18,609 --> 00:41:19,443 I WILL TELL YOU THE EXPERIENCE 1326 00:41:19,443 --> 00:41:22,813 THAT I HAD AS A NAVY PILOT HAD 1327 00:41:22,813 --> 00:41:24,348 THE MOST IMPACT ON MY LIFE 1328 00:41:24,348 --> 00:41:27,151 BECAUSE I FINISHED FLIGHT SCHOOL 1329 00:41:27,151 --> 00:41:29,019 AND THEN SEPTEMBER 11th HAND. 1330 00:41:29,019 --> 00:41:30,054 AND, OF COURSE, THAT CHANGED THE 1331 00:41:30,054 --> 00:41:31,288 COURSE OF MY LIFE AND IT CHANGED 1332 00:41:31,288 --> 00:41:33,491 THE COURSE OF HISTORY. 1333 00:41:33,491 --> 00:41:34,792 AND I ENDED UP IN PLACES DOING 1334 00:41:34,792 --> 00:41:36,060 THINGS THAT I NEVER HOPED OR 1335 00:41:36,060 --> 00:41:37,595 WANTED TO DO THAT MY COUNTRY HAD 1336 00:41:37,595 --> 00:41:40,931 CALLED ME TO DO. 1337 00:41:40,931 --> 00:41:43,634 BUT I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO 1338 00:41:43,634 --> 00:41:45,870 FIGHT MY COUNTRY'S BATTLES WHICH 1339 00:41:45,870 --> 00:41:49,740 REALLY CHANGED MY PERSPECTIVE OF 1340 00:41:49,740 --> 00:41:51,308 THE WORLD. 1341 00:41:51,308 --> 00:41:58,382 AND I THINK IT REALLY CHANGED 1342 00:41:58,382 --> 00:42:00,351 THE WAY I WENT ABOUT MY LIFE 1343 00:42:00,351 --> 00:42:00,985 QUITE FRANKLY IT. 1344 00:42:00,985 --> 00:42:02,653 GAVE ME CONFIDENCE I MIGHT NOT 1345 00:42:02,653 --> 00:42:03,521 OTHERWISE HAVE. 1346 00:42:03,521 --> 00:42:04,355 I ENCOURAGE YOUNG PEOPLE TO 1347 00:42:04,355 --> 00:42:07,558 SERVE IN THE MILITARY THERE IS A 1348 00:42:07,558 --> 00:42:09,093 LOT OF WAYS TO DO IT. 1349 00:42:09,093 --> 00:42:10,728 THAT DON'T INCLUDE BEING A 1350 00:42:10,728 --> 00:42:11,996 FULL-TIME ACTIVE DUTY PERSON. 1351 00:42:11,996 --> 00:42:13,864 UNTIL I GOT SWORN IN IN APRIL I 1352 00:42:13,864 --> 00:42:14,965 WAS STILL SERVING IN THE 1353 00:42:14,965 --> 00:42:16,600 OKLAHOMA AIR NATIONAL GUARD. 1354 00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:20,337 I THINK THAT KIND OF SERVICE IS 1355 00:42:20,337 --> 00:42:20,771 IMPORTANT. 1356 00:42:20,771 --> 00:42:21,839 SO I WOULD SAY THE MILITARY 1357 00:42:21,839 --> 00:42:23,274 SERVICE HAD A HUGE IMPACT ON MY 1358 00:42:23,274 --> 00:42:23,574 LIFE. 1359 00:42:23,574 --> 00:42:26,844 I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY -- I FLEW 1360 00:42:26,844 --> 00:42:27,878 E2 HAWKEYES INITIALLY. 1361 00:42:27,878 --> 00:42:29,580 WHICH IS A COMMAND AND CONTROL 1362 00:42:29,580 --> 00:42:29,947 AIRPLANE. 1363 00:42:29,947 --> 00:42:31,315 SO WE WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR 1364 00:42:31,315 --> 00:42:32,550 CONTROLLING THE ASSETS WITHIN A 1365 00:42:32,550 --> 00:42:34,552 THEATER OF BATTLE. 1366 00:42:34,552 --> 00:42:37,454 FROM AN AIRBORNE PERSPECTIVE. 1367 00:42:37,454 --> 00:42:39,423 I TRANSITIONED FROM THE E2 1368 00:42:39,423 --> 00:42:42,026 HAWKEYE TO THE F18 HORNET AND I 1369 00:42:42,026 --> 00:42:44,361 HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO FLY RED 1370 00:42:44,361 --> 00:42:47,898 AIR FOR TOP GUN SO IN THAT 1371 00:42:47,898 --> 00:42:49,567 REALLY STUDIED HOW THE ENEMIES 1372 00:42:49,567 --> 00:42:50,601 OF THE UNITED STATES FLY AND I 1373 00:42:50,601 --> 00:42:52,603 FLEW THOSE ENEMY PROFILES IN AN 1374 00:42:52,603 --> 00:42:55,039 EFFORT TO GET SHOT DOWN BY TOP 1375 00:42:55,039 --> 00:42:59,209 GUN INSTRUCTORS AND I GOT SHOT 1376 00:42:59,209 --> 00:43:01,045 DOWN A LOT IT WAS FUN BECAUSE I 1377 00:43:01,045 --> 00:43:03,514 GOT TO FLY HOME FASTER THAN MOCK 1378 00:43:03,514 --> 00:43:05,316 SO I WASN'T TERRIBLY 1379 00:43:05,316 --> 00:43:05,749 DISAPPOINTED. 1380 00:43:05,749 --> 00:43:06,850 I DID THAT FOR THREE YEARS AND 1381 00:43:06,850 --> 00:43:11,121 THEN I DECIDED TO GO BACK TO 1382 00:43:11,121 --> 00:43:14,391 COLLEGE, I GOT AN MBA AT 1383 00:43:14,391 --> 00:43:14,858 CORNELL. 1384 00:43:14,858 --> 00:43:19,096 AGAIN, TREMENDOUSLY VALUABLE 1385 00:43:19,096 --> 00:43:19,496 EXPERIENCE. 1386 00:43:19,496 --> 00:43:24,935 AND GAVE ME A WHOLE NEW 1387 00:43:24,935 --> 00:43:27,304 PERSPECTIVE OF THE WORLD. 1388 00:43:27,304 --> 00:43:38,148 THAT TOOK TWO YEARS. 1389 00:43:38,148 --> 00:43:39,416 WHEN I WAS IN FLORIDA I DID 1390 00:43:39,416 --> 00:43:40,851 ACQUISITIONS FOR THE WEAPONS 1391 00:43:40,851 --> 00:43:41,986 SYSTEMS, TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR 1392 00:43:41,986 --> 00:43:42,686 THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FOR 1393 00:43:42,686 --> 00:43:45,022 THE NAVY SPECIFICALLY. 1394 00:43:45,022 --> 00:43:46,523 WHICH GAVE ME FASCINATING 1395 00:43:46,523 --> 00:43:48,125 EXPERIENCE THAT WAS BENEFICIAL 1396 00:43:48,125 --> 00:43:51,161 TO ME EVENTUALLY WHEN I GOT TO 1397 00:43:51,161 --> 00:43:53,564 THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS. 1398 00:43:53,564 --> 00:43:56,033 WHEN I FINISHED AT CORNELL, THIS 1399 00:43:56,033 --> 00:43:57,067 IS ANOTHER THING, SO THE COURSE 1400 00:43:57,067 --> 00:44:01,405 OF YOUR LIFE WILL PROBABLY NOT 1401 00:44:01,405 --> 00:44:02,473 BE WHAT YOU THINK IT WILL BE. 1402 00:44:02,473 --> 00:44:03,207 IT'S JUST THE REALITY. 1403 00:44:03,207 --> 00:44:06,110 AND EVERYBODY HERE IS VERY 1404 00:44:06,110 --> 00:44:06,543 YOUNG. 1405 00:44:06,543 --> 00:44:08,479 SO I'LL TELL YOU HOW MY LIFE 1406 00:44:08,479 --> 00:44:08,812 CHANGED. 1407 00:44:08,812 --> 00:44:11,281 WHEN I FINISHED AT CORNELL, YOU 1408 00:44:11,281 --> 00:44:13,884 KNOW, I WAS THINKING I MIGHT GO 1409 00:44:13,884 --> 00:44:15,219 TO WALL STREET BECAUSE THAT 1410 00:44:15,219 --> 00:44:18,288 MAKES A CORNELL MBA WORTH T I 1411 00:44:18,288 --> 00:44:23,160 ENDED UP, YOU KNOW, MY WIFE, HER 1412 00:44:23,160 --> 00:44:25,963 FATHER HAD PASSED WAY. 1413 00:44:25,963 --> 00:44:29,033 HER MOTHER HAD MULTIPLE 1414 00:44:29,033 --> 00:44:30,034 SCLEROSIS SHE NEEDED HELPFUL WE 1415 00:44:30,034 --> 00:44:31,935 HAD THIS BIG BURDEN TO MOVE BACK 1416 00:44:31,935 --> 00:44:34,438 IT MY WIFE'S HOMETOWN TULSA, 1417 00:44:34,438 --> 00:44:36,073 OKLAHOMA, WE SO GAVE UP 1418 00:44:36,073 --> 00:44:37,608 EVERYTHING AND MOVED BACK TO 1419 00:44:37,608 --> 00:44:41,011 TULSA, OKLAHOMA. 1420 00:44:41,011 --> 00:44:42,980 I AM HEAR TOLL YOU IF YOU ARE IN 1421 00:44:42,980 --> 00:44:45,015 TULSA, OKLAHOMA, AN MBA FROM 1422 00:44:45,015 --> 00:44:46,016 CORNELL UNIVERSITY DOESN'T 1423 00:44:46,016 --> 00:44:47,584 REALLY HAVE A LOT OF VALUE. 1424 00:44:47,584 --> 00:44:48,952 IF YOU WANTED ON TO GO TO 1425 00:44:48,952 --> 00:44:50,788 OKLAHOMA STATE OR O.U. THEN 1426 00:44:50,788 --> 00:44:52,389 THERE IS A LOT OF VALUE THERE, 1427 00:44:52,389 --> 00:44:54,525 BUT CORNELL, WHAT ARE YOU AN 1428 00:44:54,525 --> 00:44:54,958 ELITE EFFORT. 1429 00:44:54,958 --> 00:44:58,729 THAT KIND OF THING. 1430 00:44:58,729 --> 00:45:01,031 SO BUT THE REALITY IS, WE 1431 00:45:01,031 --> 00:45:02,499 INVESTED A LOT OF MONEY IN A 1432 00:45:02,499 --> 00:45:05,169 CORNELL MBA AND ENDED UP GOING 1433 00:45:05,169 --> 00:45:07,738 BACK TO TULSA, OKLAHOMA WHERE I 1434 00:45:07,738 --> 00:45:10,040 RAN A NONPROFIT AIR AND SPACE 1435 00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:10,374 MUSEUM. 1436 00:45:10,374 --> 00:45:11,709 CHANGED THE COURSE OF MY LIFE 1437 00:45:11,709 --> 00:45:12,676 YET AGAIN UNEXPECTEDLY. 1438 00:45:12,676 --> 00:45:15,946 AND I DID THAT FOR A COUPLE OF 1439 00:45:15,946 --> 00:45:17,981 YEARS AND EVENTUALLY MADE A 1440 00:45:17,981 --> 00:45:19,917 DETERMINATION, AND I WAS STILL 1441 00:45:19,917 --> 00:45:21,185 SERVING, AT THAT TIME I WAS IN 1442 00:45:21,185 --> 00:45:22,986 THE NAVY RESERVE, I LEFT ACTIVE 1443 00:45:22,986 --> 00:45:26,190 DUTY IN THE NAVY RESERVE, IN 1444 00:45:26,190 --> 00:45:27,791 TULSA, OKLAHOMA, AND EVENTUALLY 1445 00:45:27,791 --> 00:45:31,061 MADE A DECISION AS A NAVY 1446 00:45:31,061 --> 00:45:31,995 RESERVIST, I AM TELLING YOU, 1447 00:45:31,995 --> 00:45:33,997 YOUR LIFE WILL TAKE SO MANY 1448 00:45:33,997 --> 00:45:34,331 TWISTS. 1449 00:45:34,331 --> 00:45:37,334 AS A NAVY RESERVISTS, THE UNITED 1450 00:45:37,334 --> 00:45:41,438 STATES CONGRESS PASSED A BILL 1451 00:45:41,438 --> 00:45:43,574 AND IT WAS CALLED THE BUDGET 1452 00:45:43,574 --> 00:45:45,976 CONTROL ACT CREATING THIS THING 1453 00:45:45,976 --> 00:45:47,811 CALLED EYE SUPER COMMITTEE. 1454 00:45:47,811 --> 00:45:49,046 AND SUPER COMMITTEE HAD 12 1455 00:45:49,046 --> 00:45:49,646 MEMBERS IN THE CONGRESS 1456 00:45:49,646 --> 00:45:50,347 CIRCUMSTANCE IN THE HOUSE, SIX 1457 00:45:50,347 --> 00:45:52,516 IN THE SENATE, SIX REPUBLICANS, 1458 00:45:52,516 --> 00:45:53,884 SIX DEMOCRATS, NONE OF THEM WERE 1459 00:45:53,884 --> 00:45:55,219 FROM OKLAHOMA AND THEY HAD THE 1460 00:45:55,219 --> 00:45:56,820 FULL AUTHORITY TO CHANGE FEDERAL 1461 00:45:56,820 --> 00:45:58,455 SPEND AND THIS FULL AUTHORITY TO 1462 00:45:58,455 --> 00:45:59,490 RAIDS TAXES AND DO IT WITHOUT 1463 00:45:59,490 --> 00:46:01,458 ANY DEBATES, WITHOUT ANY 1464 00:46:01,458 --> 00:46:03,026 AMENDMENTS, WITHOUT ANY 1465 00:46:03,026 --> 00:46:03,427 FILIBUSTER. 1466 00:46:03,427 --> 00:46:04,294 AND WHATEVER THEY DETERMINED 1467 00:46:04,294 --> 00:46:06,930 THERE WOULD BE AN UP OR DOWN 1468 00:46:06,930 --> 00:46:08,532 VOTE ON THE FLOOR OR HOUSE OF 1469 00:46:08,532 --> 00:46:10,334 THE SENATE BUT NO DEBATE 1470 00:46:10,334 --> 00:46:11,401 AMENDMENT OR FILIBUSTER AND I 1471 00:46:11,401 --> 00:46:12,503 WAS FLYING COUNTER DRUG MISSIONS 1472 00:46:12,503 --> 00:46:14,204 DOWN IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH 1473 00:46:14,204 --> 00:46:16,106 AMERICA, MY SQUADRON WAS BUSTING 1474 00:46:16,106 --> 00:46:17,841 ABOUT AS A NAVY RESERVIST, WE 1475 00:46:17,841 --> 00:46:19,276 WERE BUST BIG $2 BILLION WORTH 1476 00:46:19,276 --> 00:46:20,778 OF COCAINE EVERY YEAR ON THE 1477 00:46:20,778 --> 00:46:24,648 HIGH SEAS. 1478 00:46:24,648 --> 00:46:29,353 WHICH WAS CRAZY MISSIONS, I WILL 1479 00:46:29,353 --> 00:46:31,421 SAY. 1480 00:46:31,421 --> 00:46:32,656 BUT HERE WAS THE RESULT. 1481 00:46:32,656 --> 00:46:35,325 MY SQUADRON GOT ELIMINATED AND I 1482 00:46:35,325 --> 00:46:36,560 WANTED TO FIGURE OUT WHY -- WE 1483 00:46:36,560 --> 00:46:38,128 ARE BUSTING $2 BILLION WORTH OF 1484 00:46:38,128 --> 00:46:39,429 COCAINE AND I WANT TO BE CLEAR 1485 00:46:39,429 --> 00:46:40,330 ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS. 1486 00:46:40,330 --> 00:46:42,065 THAT MEANS $2 BILLION WORTH OF 1487 00:46:42,065 --> 00:46:42,933 COCAINE NOW COMING IN TO THE 1488 00:46:42,933 --> 00:46:44,368 UNITED STATES, THAT'S $2 BILLION 1489 00:46:44,368 --> 00:46:47,571 WORTH OF CASH NOW FUNDING 1490 00:46:47,571 --> 00:46:48,405 TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL 1491 00:46:48,405 --> 00:46:49,706 ORGANIZATIONS IN CENTRAL AND 1492 00:46:49,706 --> 00:46:51,642 SOUTH AMERICA THAT ARE 1493 00:46:51,642 --> 00:46:52,776 DESTABILIZING GOVERNMENTS DOWN 1494 00:46:52,776 --> 00:46:54,077 THERE TO THE POINT WHERE CIVIL 1495 00:46:54,077 --> 00:46:55,679 SOCIETY IS BREAKING DOWN AND THE 1496 00:46:55,679 --> 00:46:57,114 DRUG CARTELS HAVE MORE MONEY 1497 00:46:57,114 --> 00:46:58,682 THAN THE GOVERNMENTS. 1498 00:46:58,682 --> 00:47:00,951 I AM SOUNDING VERY POLITICAL 1499 00:47:00,951 --> 00:47:01,385 RIGHT NOW. 1500 00:47:01,385 --> 00:47:04,087 BUT THE REALITY WAS, I MADE A 1501 00:47:04,087 --> 00:47:05,189 DECISION AT THAT POINT IN MY 1502 00:47:05,189 --> 00:47:06,723 LIFE THAT WHOEVER VOTED FOR 1503 00:47:06,723 --> 00:47:08,859 THIS, I'VE GOT RUN AGAINST THEM. 1504 00:47:08,859 --> 00:47:10,127 AND I DIDN'T KNOW IF MY 1505 00:47:10,127 --> 00:47:11,261 CONGRESSMAN VOTED FOR IT OR NOT, 1506 00:47:11,261 --> 00:47:12,496 BUT SURE ENOUGH, I LOOKED IT UP 1507 00:47:12,496 --> 00:47:13,463 AND HE DID. 1508 00:47:13,463 --> 00:47:18,168 AND I RAN AGAINST HIM. 1509 00:47:18,168 --> 00:47:18,869 NOW, I DIDN'T KNOW THAT I WAS 1510 00:47:18,869 --> 00:47:21,438 GOING TO WIN OR NOT, BUT I FELT 1511 00:47:21,438 --> 00:47:23,874 IT WAS A PRINCIPLE THAT I HAD TO 1512 00:47:23,874 --> 00:47:24,141 RUN. 1513 00:47:24,141 --> 00:47:25,342 AND I DID. 1514 00:47:25,342 --> 00:47:27,411 NOW, AT THE END WE ACTUALLY 1515 00:47:27,411 --> 00:47:29,446 SURPRISED OURSELVES AND WON. 1516 00:47:29,446 --> 00:47:31,448 AND THEN I WENT TO CONGRESS AND 1517 00:47:31,448 --> 00:47:32,683 FOR 5 1/2 YEARS IN CONGRESS I 1518 00:47:32,683 --> 00:47:34,918 WAS ON THE ARMED SERVICES 1519 00:47:34,918 --> 00:47:35,686 COMMITTEE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON 1520 00:47:35,686 --> 00:47:37,387 STRATEGIC FORCES WHICH DEALS 1521 00:47:37,387 --> 00:47:39,089 WITH AMERICA'S NATIONAL SECURITY 1522 00:47:39,089 --> 00:47:40,858 SPACE CAPABILITIES. 1523 00:47:40,858 --> 00:47:42,526 AND THEN I WAS ON THE 1524 00:47:42,526 --> 00:47:43,460 SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE. 1525 00:47:43,460 --> 00:47:45,095 I ENDED UP CHAIRING THE 1526 00:47:45,095 --> 00:47:47,464 SUBCOMMIT OUT ENVIRONMENT, WHICH 1527 00:47:47,464 --> 00:47:50,133 OVERSEAS NOA. 1528 00:47:50,133 --> 00:47:52,936 ABOUT 40% OF NOA'S BUDGET IS 1529 00:47:52,936 --> 00:47:54,071 SPACE-RELATED ACTIVITY, 1530 00:47:54,071 --> 00:47:54,838 ESPECIALLY RELATED TO WEATHER 1531 00:47:54,838 --> 00:47:58,475 WHICH IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO 1532 00:47:58,475 --> 00:47:59,209 THE GENTLEMEN WHO REPRESENTS THE 1533 00:47:59,209 --> 00:47:59,843 STATE OF OKLAHOMA WHO HAS 1534 00:47:59,843 --> 00:48:01,245 CONSTITUENTS WHO DIE IN 1535 00:48:01,245 --> 00:48:02,679 TORNADOES EVERY YEAR AND I WAS 1536 00:48:02,679 --> 00:48:04,848 ALSO ON THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON 1537 00:48:04,848 --> 00:48:08,752 SPACE WHICH OVERSEES -- WHICH 1538 00:48:08,752 --> 00:48:09,953 OVERSEES NASA. 1539 00:48:09,953 --> 00:48:12,356 SO HERE I AM FOR 5 1/2 YEARS IN 1540 00:48:12,356 --> 00:48:14,491 THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1541 00:48:14,491 --> 00:48:18,028 WORKING ON SPACE-RELATED ISSUES. 1542 00:48:18,028 --> 00:48:19,363 AND GETTING FRUSTRATED BECAUSE I 1543 00:48:19,363 --> 00:48:20,597 AM SEEING HOW A LOT OF THINGS 1544 00:48:20,597 --> 00:48:22,532 ARE DONE AND HOW THE INNER 1545 00:48:22,532 --> 00:48:25,435 AGENCY PROCESS DOESN'T WORK VERY 1546 00:48:25,435 --> 00:48:25,736 WELL. 1547 00:48:25,736 --> 00:48:27,170 SO THEN I DROPPED THIS MASSIVE 1548 00:48:27,170 --> 00:48:28,472 BILL THAT I WORKED ON FOR A YEAR 1549 00:48:28,472 --> 00:48:29,506 AND A HALF CALLED THE AMERICAN 1550 00:48:29,506 --> 00:48:30,974 SPACE RENAISSANCE ACT AND IT GOT 1551 00:48:30,974 --> 00:48:32,376 A LOT OF ATTENTION IN THE SPACE 1552 00:48:32,376 --> 00:48:32,743 COMMUNITY. 1553 00:48:32,743 --> 00:48:36,079 I WENT OUT TO THE NATIONAL SPACE 1554 00:48:36,079 --> 00:48:37,114 SYMPOSIUM OUT IN COLORADO 1555 00:48:37,114 --> 00:48:41,785 SPRINGS WHICHS EVERY WHICH HAPPE 1556 00:48:41,785 --> 00:48:43,420 APRIL AND I INTRODUCED TWO AND 1557 00:48:43,420 --> 00:48:44,755 IT GOT TONS OF ATTENTION AND 1558 00:48:44,755 --> 00:48:45,055 MEDIA. 1559 00:48:45,055 --> 00:48:45,789 AND THE NEXT THING YOU KNOW 1560 00:48:45,789 --> 00:48:47,424 THERE IS AN ELECTION THANS AND I 1561 00:48:47,424 --> 00:48:49,059 AM ON THE LIST FOR NASA AHEAD 1562 00:48:49,059 --> 00:48:50,928 MINUTE STRAIGHTER AS A NOMINEE. 1563 00:48:50,928 --> 00:48:52,162 NOW, YOU LOOK BACK AT THE COURSE 1564 00:48:52,162 --> 00:48:55,666 OF MY LIFE AND YOU SAY, WHOLE 1565 00:48:55,666 --> 00:48:57,467 IMPACTED YOU THE MOST GOING 1566 00:48:57,467 --> 00:48:57,801 FORWARD? 1567 00:48:57,801 --> 00:48:58,936 I CAN'T TELL YOU. 1568 00:48:58,936 --> 00:49:01,605 AND I AM BEING DEAD SERIOUS. 1569 00:49:01,605 --> 00:49:03,273 EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THESE TWISTS 1570 00:49:03,273 --> 00:49:07,044 AND TURNS RESULTS IN AN END 1571 00:49:07,044 --> 00:49:08,312 STATE THAT I COULD NEVER HAVE 1572 00:49:08,312 --> 00:49:09,513 PREDICTED WHEN I WAS GRADUATING 1573 00:49:09,513 --> 00:49:10,981 FROM COLLEGE, COULDN'T HAVE DONE 1574 00:49:10,981 --> 00:49:11,448 IT. 1575 00:49:11,448 --> 00:49:13,784 JUST LIKE KIND OF HOW YOU OPENED 1576 00:49:13,784 --> 00:49:14,051 UP. 1577 00:49:14,051 --> 00:49:14,985 WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT. 1578 00:49:14,985 --> 00:49:16,653 >> WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT. 1579 00:49:16,653 --> 00:49:19,323 >> BUT WHAT I WILL TELL YOU IS 1580 00:49:19,323 --> 00:49:21,858 THIS, AS YOU GO FORWARD, 1581 00:49:21,858 --> 00:49:23,694 WHENEVER IT IS, YOU ARE PLACED 1582 00:49:23,694 --> 00:49:28,098 AND WHATEVER IT IS YOU ARE 1583 00:49:28,098 --> 00:49:29,232 DOING,, YOU KNOW, WHAT I HAVE 1584 00:49:29,232 --> 00:49:34,137 FOUND IS REGARDLESS IF YOU ARE 1585 00:49:34,137 --> 00:49:36,406 FOCUSED ON SUSTAINED SUPERIOR 1586 00:49:36,406 --> 00:49:37,240 PERFORMANCE, THAT'S WHAT WE CALL 1587 00:49:37,240 --> 00:49:44,081 IT IN THE MILITARY. 1588 00:49:44,081 --> 00:49:45,782 IT'S THAT SIMPLE. 1589 00:49:45,782 --> 00:49:47,150 WHENEVER YOU ARE, WHATEVER YOU 1590 00:49:47,150 --> 00:49:49,486 ARE DOING, IF YOU FOCUS ON 1591 00:49:49,486 --> 00:49:51,054 SUSTAINED SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE, 1592 00:49:51,054 --> 00:49:52,923 YOU WILL BE OVERWHELMINGLY 1593 00:49:52,923 --> 00:49:53,323 SUCCESSFUL. 1594 00:49:53,323 --> 00:49:55,192 BUT THAT MEANS THAT YOU CAN'T 1595 00:49:55,192 --> 00:49:56,226 ALWAYS JUST BE THINKING ABOUT 1596 00:49:56,226 --> 00:49:57,194 THE NEXT THING. 1597 00:49:57,194 --> 00:49:58,428 THERE IS A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT 1598 00:49:58,428 --> 00:49:59,363 ARE ALWAYS FOCUSED ON WHAT'S 1599 00:49:59,363 --> 00:50:00,630 NEXT FOR THEM. 1600 00:50:00,630 --> 00:50:02,766 AND I -- BOY, I WILL TELL YOU IN 1601 00:50:02,766 --> 00:50:04,434 WASHINGTON, D.C., IT IS FILLED 1602 00:50:04,434 --> 00:50:07,104 WITH THOSE PEOPLE. 1603 00:50:07,104 --> 00:50:08,705 THAT WON'T GET YOU WHERE YOU 1604 00:50:08,705 --> 00:50:09,339 WANT TO BE. 1605 00:50:09,339 --> 00:50:10,574 YOU GOTTA BE THE BEST AT WHERE 1606 00:50:10,574 --> 00:50:12,876 YOU ARE RIGHT NOW. 1607 00:50:12,876 --> 00:50:14,945 SO ANYWAY, I DON'T KNOW IF THAT 1608 00:50:14,945 --> 00:50:16,446 ANSWERS YOUR QUESTION OR NOT, 1609 00:50:16,446 --> 00:50:18,148 IT'S -- YOU LOOK AT HOW YOUR 1610 00:50:18,148 --> 00:50:19,182 LIFE UNFOLDS AND IT'S HARD TO 1611 00:50:19,182 --> 00:50:20,684 PUT YOUR FINGER ON WHAT THAT ONE 1612 00:50:20,684 --> 00:50:22,052 THING MIGHT HAVE BEEN. 1613 00:50:22,052 --> 00:50:23,820 THERE IS A WHOLE HOST OF THINGS 1614 00:50:23,820 --> 00:50:25,255 AND ALL OF THEM MADE A BIG 1615 00:50:25,255 --> 00:50:25,589 IMPACT. 1616 00:50:25,589 --> 00:50:27,157 THANK YOU, THOUGH, FOR THE 1617 00:50:27,157 --> 00:50:27,524 QUESTION. 1618 00:50:27,524 --> 00:50:28,258 >> THANKS FOR SHARING THAT. 1619 00:50:28,258 --> 00:50:30,460 IT HELPS US UNDERSTAND YOUR 1620 00:50:30,460 --> 00:50:32,262 BACKGROUND AND YOUR LEADERSHIP 1621 00:50:32,262 --> 00:50:33,497 STYLE A IS WE UNDERSTAND YOUR 1622 00:50:33,497 --> 00:50:34,064 BACKGROUND. 1623 00:50:34,064 --> 00:50:36,900 THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM OF OUR 1624 00:50:36,900 --> 00:50:38,201 CLERKS AT GLENN RESEARCH CENTER 1625 00:50:38,201 --> 00:50:38,702 BY HAVE I HAD JOE. 1626 00:50:38,702 --> 00:50:40,837 >> I AM A Ph.D CANDIDATE IN 1627 00:50:40,837 --> 00:50:42,039 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1628 00:50:42,039 --> 00:50:42,906 AT PENN STATE. 1629 00:50:42,906 --> 00:50:44,307 AND MY QUESTION IS, WHAT DID YOU 1630 00:50:44,307 --> 00:50:46,309 THINK IS THE BEST WAY TO 1631 00:50:46,309 --> 00:50:48,245 INCREASE DVERSITY IN THE STEM 1632 00:50:48,245 --> 00:50:49,780 WORKFORCE, ESPECIALLY AT NASA? 1633 00:50:49,780 --> 00:50:51,081 DO YOU THINK NASA SHOULD FOCUS 1634 00:50:51,081 --> 00:50:53,083 MORE ON OUTREACH PROGRAMS FOR 1635 00:50:53,083 --> 00:50:54,918 YOUNG KIDS TO SPARK AN EARLY 1636 00:50:54,918 --> 00:50:56,820 INTEREST IN STEM FIELDS OR IN 1637 00:50:56,820 --> 00:50:58,455 WAYS TO GET OLDER KIDS AND 1638 00:50:58,455 --> 00:50:59,423 COLLEGE STUDENTS INVOLVED WITH 1639 00:50:59,423 --> 00:51:02,559 RESEARCH AND PROJECTS RELATED TO 1640 00:51:02,559 --> 00:51:02,959 SPACE? 1641 00:51:02,959 --> 00:51:04,594 >> ANOTHER WONDERFUL QUESTION. 1642 00:51:04,594 --> 00:51:07,664 OH, GOODNESS. 1643 00:51:07,664 --> 00:51:09,800 SO I WILL TELL YOU, I WAS AT 1644 00:51:09,800 --> 00:51:12,302 NASA FOR ALL OF MAYBE A WEEK 1645 00:51:12,302 --> 00:51:16,073 WHEN I REALIZED THAT YOU WALK 1646 00:51:16,073 --> 00:51:18,141 AROUND THE NASA HEADQUARTERS AND 1647 00:51:18,141 --> 00:51:21,211 YOU FIND OUT THAT, YOU KNOW, 1648 00:51:21,211 --> 00:51:23,346 WOMEN AND MINORITIES ARE NOT 1649 00:51:23,346 --> 00:51:25,048 WELL REPRESENTED IN THE 1650 00:51:25,048 --> 00:51:25,449 POPULATION. 1651 00:51:25,449 --> 00:51:26,116 IT DOESN'T TAKE YOU LONG TO 1652 00:51:26,116 --> 00:51:27,684 FIGURE THAT OUT. 1653 00:51:27,684 --> 00:51:29,219 SO, YES, THIS IS AN ISSUE THAT 1654 00:51:29,219 --> 00:51:31,254 WE NEED TO SOLVE. 1655 00:51:31,254 --> 00:51:32,689 AND IT'S NOT AN ISSUE THAT YOU 1656 00:51:32,689 --> 00:51:34,458 CAN SOLVE OVERNIGHT. 1657 00:51:34,458 --> 00:51:35,525 SO THERE ARE THINGS THAT WE NEED 1658 00:51:35,525 --> 00:51:38,995 TO BE DOING ALL THE TIME. 1659 00:51:38,995 --> 00:51:42,365 I WILL ALSO SAY ONE OF THE PARTS 1660 00:51:42,365 --> 00:51:43,467 OF MY LIFE THAT REALLY HAVE MADE 1661 00:51:43,467 --> 00:51:46,103 A BIG IMPACT WAS WHEN A RAN A 1662 00:51:46,103 --> 00:51:47,938 NONPROFIT AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM 1663 00:51:47,938 --> 00:51:48,872 IN TULSA, OKLAHOMA. 1664 00:51:48,872 --> 00:51:51,341 AND I SAW FIRST HAND DURING THAT 1665 00:51:51,341 --> 00:51:54,077 TIME THAT WOULD REALLY NASA HAS 1666 00:51:54,077 --> 00:51:56,780 AN ABILITY TO INSPIRE YOUNG 1667 00:51:56,780 --> 00:51:58,615 FOLKS IN WAYS THAT NO OTHER 1668 00:51:58,615 --> 00:52:00,250 AGENCY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1669 00:52:00,250 --> 00:52:00,917 CAN. 1670 00:52:00,917 --> 00:52:02,853 IT REALLY CAN CHANGE THE LIFE OF 1671 00:52:02,853 --> 00:52:03,253 CHILDREN. 1672 00:52:03,253 --> 00:52:05,489 IN FACT, I TELL THE STORY AND I 1673 00:52:05,489 --> 00:52:07,424 HAVE TOLD THIS TO MIKE A NUMBER 1674 00:52:07,424 --> 00:52:09,226 OF TIMES ABOUT WHEN I WAS YOUNG, 1675 00:52:09,226 --> 00:52:11,428 AFTER MY FIFTH GRADE YEAR BEFORE 1676 00:52:11,428 --> 00:52:12,963 MY SIXTH GRADE YEAR, THAT SUMMER 1677 00:52:12,963 --> 00:52:17,033 I HAD AN INTERNSHIP -- NOT AN 1678 00:52:17,033 --> 00:52:17,434 INTERNSHIP. 1679 00:52:17,434 --> 00:52:18,201 IT WAS SUMMER CAMP. 1680 00:52:18,201 --> 00:52:20,871 VERY DIFFERENT THAN AN INTERN 1681 00:52:20,871 --> 00:52:22,806 SH*URP 1682 00:52:22,806 --> 00:52:23,206 INTERNSHIP. 1683 00:52:23,206 --> 00:52:23,940 ALTHOUGH YOU GUYS PROBABLY THINK 1684 00:52:23,940 --> 00:52:25,175 YOU ARE AT SUMMER CAMEL RIGHT 1685 00:52:25,175 --> 00:52:25,442 NOW. 1686 00:52:25,442 --> 00:52:26,743 NO, YOU DON'T. 1687 00:52:26,743 --> 00:52:29,646 YEAH, I SEE SOME HEADS SHAKING. 1688 00:52:29,646 --> 00:52:31,848 THAT'S GOOD I TOLD THEM WE WILL 1689 00:52:31,848 --> 00:52:32,883 HAVE 1600 INTERNS HERE THIS 1690 00:52:32,883 --> 00:52:33,884 SUMMER AND PUT THEM TO WORK AND 1691 00:52:33,884 --> 00:52:35,385 GIVE THEM HARD STUFF TO DO. 1692 00:52:35,385 --> 00:52:36,586 THAT'S GOOD WORK. 1693 00:52:36,586 --> 00:52:39,289 SO IN THIS SUMMER CAMP I HAD THE 1694 00:52:39,289 --> 00:52:39,990 OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FIRST TIME 1695 00:52:39,990 --> 00:52:42,592 IN MY LIFE TO PLAY WAY WIND 1696 00:52:42,592 --> 00:52:42,926 TUNNEL. 1697 00:52:42,926 --> 00:52:45,095 AND CHANGE THE AIR FOIL TO SEE 1698 00:52:45,095 --> 00:52:47,531 HOW IT AFFECTED LIFT AND DRAG 1699 00:52:47,531 --> 00:52:49,733 AND EVERYTHING ELSE. 1700 00:52:49,733 --> 00:52:52,235 AND THAT SUMMER IT WAS -- WHEN 1701 00:52:52,235 --> 00:52:53,470 THAT SUMMER CAMP WAS OVER IT WAS 1702 00:52:53,470 --> 00:52:54,137 A DONE DEAL. 1703 00:52:54,137 --> 00:52:55,672 I WAS GOING TO BE A PILOT. 1704 00:52:55,672 --> 00:52:58,008 THAT'S JUST THE WAY IT WAS. 1705 00:52:58,008 --> 00:52:59,042 AND THAT NEVER LEFT ME. 1706 00:52:59,042 --> 00:52:59,876 EVEN THOUGH I WENT TO COLLEGE 1707 00:52:59,876 --> 00:53:01,344 AND I STUDIED THESE THINGS THAT 1708 00:53:01,344 --> 00:53:03,446 HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH BEING A 1709 00:53:03,446 --> 00:53:04,481 PILOT AND I TRIED TO GET IT TO 1710 00:53:04,481 --> 00:53:05,982 LEAVE ME IT NEVER LEFT ME. 1711 00:53:05,982 --> 00:53:07,017 ULTIMATELY WHEN IT CAME TIME TO 1712 00:53:07,017 --> 00:53:08,518 GET A JOB AFTER COLLEGE, THAT'S 1713 00:53:08,518 --> 00:53:10,654 WHAT I WAS GOING TO DO AND I 1714 00:53:10,654 --> 00:53:13,390 FOLLOWED THROUGH ON THAT 1715 00:53:13,390 --> 00:53:15,358 PARTICULAR DREAM OF MINE THAT 1716 00:53:15,358 --> 00:53:17,594 WAS REALLY SPAWNED BY THIS 1717 00:53:17,594 --> 00:53:19,529 SUMMER CAMP THAT I WENT TO. 1718 00:53:19,529 --> 00:53:21,097 I THINK THAT CAN HAPPEN FOR A 1719 00:53:21,097 --> 00:53:22,566 LOT OF KIDS. 1720 00:53:22,566 --> 00:53:24,134 AND I THINK WE NEED TO FOCUS IT. 1721 00:53:24,134 --> 00:53:25,769 THERE ARE PROGRAMS THAT NASA IS 1722 00:53:25,769 --> 00:53:27,771 INVOLVED IN THAT HELP PEOPLE GO 1723 00:53:27,771 --> 00:53:29,806 TO AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMS LIKE 1724 00:53:29,806 --> 00:53:32,108 THE TULSA I'VE AND SPACE MUSEUM. 1725 00:53:32,108 --> 00:53:32,943 CHILDREN THAT WOULD NEVER 1726 00:53:32,943 --> 00:53:34,778 OTHERWISE BE ABLE TO AFFORD THE 1727 00:53:34,778 --> 00:53:36,580 $10 TO GO TO THE PLANETARIUM AND 1728 00:53:36,580 --> 00:53:40,817 THE MUSEUM NASA AND OTHER 1729 00:53:40,817 --> 00:53:43,420 AGENCIES AND NONPROFITS, WILL 1730 00:53:43,420 --> 00:53:44,454 HELP THEM GET THERE. 1731 00:53:44,454 --> 00:53:47,090 AND THAT'S AN IMPORTANT PART OF 1732 00:53:47,090 --> 00:53:49,392 AN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT 1733 00:53:49,392 --> 00:53:51,127 KIND OF CAPABILITY THAT WILL 1734 00:53:51,127 --> 00:53:52,729 ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO GO IN TO 1735 00:53:52,729 --> 00:53:53,530 THESE STEM FIELDS. 1736 00:53:53,530 --> 00:53:56,166 I KNOW SHE WAS A Ph.D IN 1737 00:53:56,166 --> 00:53:58,101 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND SOMETHING 1738 00:53:58,101 --> 00:53:58,401 ELSE. 1739 00:53:58,401 --> 00:54:00,003 NOT EVERYBODY IS GOING TO DO 1740 00:54:00,003 --> 00:54:00,303 THAT. 1741 00:54:00,303 --> 00:54:02,872 I DON'T WANT TO SUGGEST THAT. 1742 00:54:02,872 --> 00:54:04,107 BUT THERE ARE PEOPLE OUT THERE 1743 00:54:04,107 --> 00:54:05,342 THAT HAVE THAT CAPABILITY. 1744 00:54:05,342 --> 00:54:07,244 THAT HAVE THAT CAPACITY. 1745 00:54:07,244 --> 00:54:09,145 BUT IT NEVER GETS NOURISHED. 1746 00:54:09,145 --> 00:54:12,048 IT NEVER GETS THE TIME AND THE 1747 00:54:12,048 --> 00:54:13,316 EFFORT THAT IT NEEDS. 1748 00:54:13,316 --> 00:54:15,885 AND SO WE NEED TO FOCUS ON THAT. 1749 00:54:15,885 --> 00:54:17,621 ONE OTHER THING THAT I THINK 1750 00:54:17,621 --> 00:54:19,589 IS -- BUT -- SO TO TURN THIS 1751 00:54:19,589 --> 00:54:20,824 CORNER, I THINK WE REALLY NEED 1752 00:54:20,824 --> 00:54:24,227 TO FOCUS ON GETTING YOUNG FOLKS 1753 00:54:24,227 --> 00:54:26,529 INSPIRED FROM A YOUNG AGE. 1754 00:54:26,529 --> 00:54:28,565 AND TEN MAKING SURE THAT IT 1755 00:54:28,565 --> 00:54:30,367 CONTINUES ALL THE WAY THROUGH 1756 00:54:30,367 --> 00:54:32,435 GARAGE 1757 00:54:32,435 --> 00:54:35,138 GRADUATION AND THEN IN TO THEIR 1758 00:54:35,138 --> 00:54:35,472 CAREER. 1759 00:54:35,472 --> 00:54:36,773 IT'S ALSO I THINK IMPORTANT THAT 1760 00:54:36,773 --> 00:54:39,009 NASA CONTINUE TO ACCOMPLISH 1761 00:54:39,009 --> 00:54:40,510 STUNNING ACHIEVEMENTS. 1762 00:54:40,510 --> 00:54:41,911 IF YOU WALK ARUND THE NATION A 1763 00:54:41,911 --> 00:54:42,946 HEADQUARTERS AND YOU ASK THE 1764 00:54:42,946 --> 00:54:45,048 FOLKS THERE, YOU KNOW, WHY DO 1765 00:54:45,048 --> 00:54:48,885 YOU WORK FOR NASA. 1766 00:54:48,885 --> 00:54:49,552 OVERWHELMINGLY EVERYBODY CAN 1767 00:54:49,552 --> 00:54:52,689 TELL YOU WHERE THEY WERE ON THE 1768 00:54:52,689 --> 00:54:56,126 DAY APOLLO 11 LANDED ON THE 1769 00:54:56,126 --> 00:54:56,426 MOON. 1770 00:54:56,426 --> 00:54:58,762 WHEN WE DO THOSE KIND OF 1771 00:54:58,762 --> 00:55:00,797 STUNNING ACHIEVEMENTS, WHAT ALL 1772 00:55:00,797 --> 00:55:02,098 HE FIND IS THAT YOU'LL FIND 1773 00:55:02,098 --> 00:55:03,833 PEOPLE COMING OUT OF THE 1774 00:55:03,833 --> 00:55:04,734 WOODWORK WANT TO GO GET INVOLVED 1775 00:55:04,734 --> 00:55:07,637 IN STEM, MAYBE NOT ULTIMATELY 1776 00:55:07,637 --> 00:55:09,673 BECOMING ASTRONAUTS, BUT 1777 00:55:09,673 --> 00:55:10,740 BECOMING INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS 1778 00:55:10,740 --> 00:55:12,108 THAT ULTIMATELY HELPS US GO 1779 00:55:12,108 --> 00:55:14,010 FURTHER IN WE HAVE EVER GONE 1780 00:55:14,010 --> 00:55:14,344 BEFORE. 1781 00:55:14,344 --> 00:55:16,479 SO I THINK STUNNING ACHIEVEMENTS 1782 00:55:16,479 --> 00:55:18,348 IS ANOTHER WAY TO GET A VERY 1783 00:55:18,348 --> 00:55:20,417 DIVERSE GROUP OF PEOPLE INVOLVED 1784 00:55:20,417 --> 00:55:26,756 AND EXCITED ABOUT THE FUTURE. 1785 00:55:26,756 --> 00:55:28,024 BUT IT IS AN ISSUE WE NEED TO 1786 00:55:28,024 --> 00:55:29,426 CONTINUE TO ADDRESS. 1787 00:55:29,426 --> 00:55:30,260 IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT THAT WE HAVE 1788 00:55:30,260 --> 00:55:32,595 A LOT OF FEMALE ASTRONAUTS THAT 1789 00:55:32,595 --> 00:55:34,097 TRAVEL THE COUNTRY AND TRY TOWN 1790 00:55:34,097 --> 00:55:34,998 SPIRE YOUNG GIRLS, THAT'S 1791 00:55:34,998 --> 00:55:36,166 IMPORTANT AS WELL. 1792 00:55:36,166 --> 00:55:38,234 SO THERE IS A LOT OF WAYS THAT 1793 00:55:38,234 --> 00:55:39,469 NASA IS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN 1794 00:55:39,469 --> 00:55:39,769 THIS. 1795 00:55:39,769 --> 00:55:41,671 AND BY THE WAY, THIS IS A ROLE 1796 00:55:41,671 --> 00:55:42,105 THAT WE HAVE. 1797 00:55:42,105 --> 00:55:44,808 THIS IS PART OF OUR MISSION. 1798 00:55:44,808 --> 00:55:45,809 EDUCATION AND I HAVE HEARD MIKE 1799 00:55:45,809 --> 00:55:47,777 TALK ABOUT THIS, EDUCATION IS IN 1800 00:55:47,777 --> 00:55:48,645 OUR DNA. 1801 00:55:48,645 --> 00:55:49,813 IT'S WHO WE ARE. 1802 00:55:49,813 --> 00:55:53,516 THE OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS IS 1803 00:55:53,516 --> 00:55:55,118 CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AS WELL. 1804 00:55:55,118 --> 00:55:56,353 SO WE'VE GOT TO MAKE SRE THAT 1805 00:55:56,353 --> 00:55:59,089 WE ARE COMMUNICATING TO A VERY 1806 00:55:59,089 --> 00:56:01,391 DIVERSE GROUP OF YOUNG FOLKS. 1807 00:56:01,391 --> 00:56:03,827 AND GETTING THEM ACTIVITY 1808 00:56:03,827 --> 00:56:04,461 ENGAGED AND INVOLVED. 1809 00:56:04,461 --> 00:56:06,196 I THINK THAT WE ARE TURN THAT GO 1810 00:56:06,196 --> 00:56:07,897 CORNER AS A COUNTRY, QUITE 1811 00:56:07,897 --> 00:56:08,298 FRANKLY. 1812 00:56:08,298 --> 00:56:09,566 AND NASA NEEDS TO BE AT THE 1813 00:56:09,566 --> 00:56:10,900 FOREFRONT OF THAT. 1814 00:56:10,900 --> 00:56:11,935 >> I THINK YU CAN REALLY SEE 1815 00:56:11,935 --> 00:56:13,169 HIS PASSION COMING OUT AS YOU 1816 00:56:13,169 --> 00:56:14,037 ASKED THAT QUESTION. 1817 00:56:14,037 --> 00:56:15,171 AND I HAVE TO TELL YOU THAT 1818 00:56:15,171 --> 00:56:18,475 THERE ARE A COUPLE OF TIMES IN 1819 00:56:18,475 --> 00:56:20,310 HIS 10 WEEKS THAT I HAVE GONE TO 1820 00:56:20,310 --> 00:56:21,111 JIM SAYING WOULD YOU CONSIDER 1821 00:56:21,111 --> 00:56:25,415 DOING THIS AND I AM USUALLY 2/3 1822 00:56:25,415 --> 00:56:28,451 THROUGH THE SENTENCE OF WHEN AND 1823 00:56:28,451 --> 00:56:31,888 I SAYS YES, HE'S HELPING LEAD 1824 00:56:31,888 --> 00:56:32,922 THINGS GOING ON AND IT WAS EASY 1825 00:56:32,922 --> 00:56:34,491 TO GET HIM TO COME HERE TODAY. 1826 00:56:34,491 --> 00:56:35,325 OUR NEXT QUESTION A THINK LOT 1827 00:56:35,325 --> 00:56:39,129 SAME KIND OF LINES FROM TODD AT 1828 00:56:39,129 --> 00:56:39,929 ARMSTRONG. 1829 00:56:39,929 --> 00:56:41,364 >> HELLO I AM TODD FROM 1830 00:56:41,364 --> 00:56:42,399 ARMSTRONG FLIGHT RESEARCH 1831 00:56:42,399 --> 00:56:44,701 CENTER, MY PROJECT IS FIBEROPTIC 1832 00:56:44,701 --> 00:56:45,034 SENSING. 1833 00:56:45,034 --> 00:56:46,936 AND MY QUESTION IS, WHAT ROLES 1834 00:56:46,936 --> 00:56:49,072 AND ADVANTAGES DO YOU SEE IN 1835 00:56:49,072 --> 00:56:50,039 NONTRADITIONAL BACKGROUNDS SUCH 1836 00:56:50,039 --> 00:56:52,575 AS ART AND HUMANITIES, HOW THEY 1837 00:56:52,575 --> 00:56:53,810 HELP DIVERSIFY THE AGENCY AND 1838 00:56:53,810 --> 00:56:57,680 HOW DO THEY APPLY TO A WIDER 1839 00:56:57,680 --> 00:56:58,181 AUDIENCE? 1840 00:56:58,181 --> 00:56:59,449 >> OH, WONDERFUL. 1841 00:56:59,449 --> 00:57:00,917 THINK GREAT QUESTION. 1842 00:57:00,917 --> 00:57:04,621 [ LAUGHTER ] 1843 00:57:04,621 --> 00:57:05,955 >> LOOK, IF WE ARE GOING TO BE 1844 00:57:05,955 --> 00:57:08,158 SUCCESSFUL AS AN AGENCY IN MY 1845 00:57:08,158 --> 00:57:09,592 VIEW, WE HAVE TO REACH -- LIKE 1846 00:57:09,592 --> 00:57:11,995 THERE ARE ALL KINDS OF REALLY 1847 00:57:11,995 --> 00:57:15,198 SMART TECHNOLOGICALLY SAVVY 1848 00:57:15,198 --> 00:57:17,467 Ph.D TYPES THAT LOVE NASA. 1849 00:57:17,467 --> 00:57:19,102 WE HAVE TO BE MUCH PROUDER THAN 1850 00:57:19,102 --> 00:57:20,203 THAT, IF WE WANT TO BE 1851 00:57:20,203 --> 00:57:21,137 SUCCESSFUL AS AN AGENCY, WE HAVE 1852 00:57:21,137 --> 00:57:24,407 TO REACH THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF 1853 00:57:24,407 --> 00:57:26,209 PEOPLE THAT ARE NOT YOUR 1854 00:57:26,209 --> 00:57:27,644 Ph.Ds THAT ARE NOT YOUR 1855 00:57:27,644 --> 00:57:28,344 FOLKS THAT ARE INTERESTED IN 1856 00:57:28,344 --> 00:57:29,279 WORKING FOR NASA. 1857 00:57:29,279 --> 00:57:30,780 WE NEED TO REACH EVERYBODY IN 1858 00:57:30,780 --> 00:57:32,882 THE COUNTRY BECAUSE ULTIMATELY, 1859 00:57:32,882 --> 00:57:34,717 WHAT WE NEED IS WE NEED NASA TO 1860 00:57:34,717 --> 00:57:36,920 BE THAT AGENCY WHEN MEMBERS OF 1861 00:57:36,920 --> 00:57:37,854 CONGRESS LOOK AT IT, THEY FELT 1862 00:57:37,854 --> 00:57:39,022 REALLY GOOD ABOUT IT. 1863 00:57:39,022 --> 00:57:41,291 AND HOW DO THEY FEEL GOOD ABOUT 1864 00:57:41,291 --> 00:57:41,558 IT? 1865 00:57:41,558 --> 00:57:42,659 THEY FEEL GOOD ABOUT IT WHEN 1866 00:57:42,659 --> 00:57:43,726 THEIR CONSTITUENTS SEE WHAT WE 1867 00:57:43,726 --> 00:57:45,795 ARE DOING AND THEY ARE 1868 00:57:45,795 --> 00:57:46,229 ENTHUSIASTIC. 1869 00:57:46,229 --> 00:57:48,264 THERE ARE WAYS TO REACH THE 1870 00:57:48,264 --> 00:57:49,833 GENERAL PUBLIC THAT INCLUDE 1871 00:57:49,833 --> 00:57:50,133 ARTS. 1872 00:57:50,133 --> 00:57:51,367 YOU THINK ABOUT MOVIES, YOU 1873 00:57:51,367 --> 00:57:54,704 THINK ABOUT BOOKS. 1874 00:57:54,704 --> 00:57:56,706 ANDY WEIR IS DOING GREAT THINGS 1875 00:57:56,706 --> 00:58:03,680 WITH THE MARTIAN OR ARTEMIS. 1876 00:58:03,680 --> 00:58:05,014 THESE ARE AREAS WHERE THEY ARE 1877 00:58:05,014 --> 00:58:06,249 REACHING A NEW GENERATION OF THE 1878 00:58:06,249 --> 00:58:07,951 ARTS AND HUMANITIES ARE REACHING 1879 00:58:07,951 --> 00:58:09,185 A NEW GENERATION OF PEOPLE TO 1880 00:58:09,185 --> 00:58:10,420 INSPIRE THEM TO GET INVOLVED IN 1881 00:58:10,420 --> 00:58:12,255 WHAT WE ARE DOING. 1882 00:58:12,255 --> 00:58:13,456 WHEN YOU THINK BACK IN HISTORY, 1883 00:58:13,456 --> 00:58:16,759 ONE OF THE -- OUR SECOND NASA A 1884 00:58:16,759 --> 00:58:18,228 MILLION DOLLAR STRAIGHTER WAS A 1885 00:58:18,228 --> 00:58:19,462 GUY NAMED JAMES WEBB AND HE, 1886 00:58:19,462 --> 00:58:20,964 LIKE ME, HE CAME FROM THE 1887 00:58:20,964 --> 00:58:21,564 POLITICAL ARENA. 1888 00:58:21,564 --> 00:58:23,533 HE WAS NOT A -- HE WAS -- HE 1889 00:58:23,533 --> 00:58:24,734 ACTUALLY WAS AN EDUCATOR. 1890 00:58:24,734 --> 00:58:26,836 HE WAS A HIGH SCHOOLTEACHER, I 1891 00:58:26,836 --> 00:58:27,770 THINK IT WAS HIGH SCHOOL. 1892 00:58:27,770 --> 00:58:29,305 MAYBE EERYBODY JUNIOR HIGH. 1893 00:58:29,305 --> 00:58:31,140 BUT HE SUPPORTED A CANDIDATE FOR 1894 00:58:31,140 --> 00:58:33,109 CONGRESS, THEN HE CAME TO 1895 00:58:33,109 --> 00:58:34,410 CONGRESS AS A STAFFER, BACK THAT 1896 00:58:34,410 --> 00:58:36,946 WAS BECOME IN REAL ANY THE 1897 00:58:36,946 --> 00:58:38,014 1940s, GOING BACK THAT FAR. 1898 00:58:38,014 --> 00:58:40,783 SO HE CAME TO CONGRESS AS A 1899 00:58:40,783 --> 00:58:42,785 STAFFER. 1900 00:58:42,785 --> 00:58:45,421 ENDED UP AS THE DIRECTOR -- HE 1901 00:58:45,421 --> 00:58:46,489 WAS APPROPRIATOR, HE WAS THE 1902 00:58:46,489 --> 00:58:48,024 DIRECTOR OF APPROPRIATIONS IN 1903 00:58:48,024 --> 00:58:49,225 THE SENATE FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. 1904 00:58:49,225 --> 00:58:50,460 THEN ENDED UP BEING THE DIRECTOR 1905 00:58:50,460 --> 00:58:52,295 OF THE OFFICE -- THE BUREAU O 1906 00:58:52,295 --> 00:58:53,997 THE BUDGET, WHICH WAS THE 1907 00:58:53,997 --> 00:58:54,931 PREDECESSOR TO THE OFFICE OF 1908 00:58:54,931 --> 00:58:57,934 MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET. 1909 00:58:57,934 --> 00:58:59,369 ANYWAY, HE THEN WENT TO 1910 00:58:59,369 --> 00:58:59,736 OKLAHOMA. 1911 00:58:59,736 --> 00:59:00,670 ONE OF THE GREATEST STATES IN 1912 00:59:00,670 --> 00:59:02,105 THE UNION. 1913 00:59:02,105 --> 00:59:02,539 [ LAUGHTER ] 1914 00:59:02,539 --> 00:59:04,474 >> AND THEN HE CAME BACK TO 1915 00:59:04,474 --> 00:59:06,776 WASHINGTON AS A NASA 1916 00:59:06,776 --> 00:59:07,210 ADMINISTRATOR. 1917 00:59:07,210 --> 00:59:08,978 SO HIS BACKGROUND WAS VERY 1918 00:59:08,978 --> 00:59:10,847 POLITICAL IN NATURE AND HE 1919 00:59:10,847 --> 00:59:12,048 UNDERSTOOD THIS -- REMEMBER, WE 1920 00:59:12,048 --> 00:59:14,284 HAD NOT BEEN TO THE MOON YET. 1921 00:59:14,284 --> 00:59:15,752 THE IDEA OF GOING TO THE MOON 1922 00:59:15,752 --> 00:59:18,054 HAD NOT BEEN EVEN ANNOUNCED BY 1923 00:59:18,054 --> 00:59:18,888 KENNEDY AT THIS POINT. 1924 00:59:18,888 --> 00:59:20,490 AND KENNEDY HAD ASKED HIM TO BE 1925 00:59:20,490 --> 00:59:22,492 THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR. 1926 00:59:22,492 --> 00:59:23,192 AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT HE 1927 00:59:23,192 --> 00:59:27,030 WANTED TO DO IS HE WANTED TO USE 1928 00:59:27,030 --> 00:59:30,199 SPACE AND SCIENCE TO CAPTURE THE 1929 00:59:30,199 --> 00:59:31,000 IMAGINATION OF ALL OF AMERICA. 1930 00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:33,002 AND HE DID THAT, IN LARGE PART, 1931 00:59:33,002 --> 00:59:34,837 THROUGH ARTS AND HUMANITIES. 1932 00:59:34,837 --> 00:59:37,540 AND HE ENCOURAGED MOVIES. 1933 00:59:37,540 --> 00:59:38,841 HE ENCOURAGED ART. 1934 00:59:38,841 --> 00:59:39,876 I AM NOT SAYING WE ARE GOING TO 1935 00:59:39,876 --> 00:59:41,578 DO THIS, BUT HE USE AHEAD PROP 1936 00:59:41,578 --> 00:59:45,448 RATE I HAD USED 1937 00:59:45,448 --> 00:59:47,150 APPROPRIATED FUNDS TO BUY 1938 00:59:47,150 --> 00:59:48,585 PAINTINGS AND ARTWORK. 1939 00:59:48,585 --> 00:59:49,652 WHICH I DON'T THINK NASA DUDS 1940 00:59:49,652 --> 00:59:50,853 THAT ANYMORE, NOT SURE. 1941 00:59:50,853 --> 00:59:52,388 BUT DID HE THAT KIND OF ACTIVITY 1942 00:59:52,388 --> 00:59:53,823 BECAUSE HE WANTED IT TO TOUCH 1943 00:59:53,823 --> 00:59:56,859 EVERY FABRIC OF THE AMERICAN 1944 00:59:56,859 --> 00:59:58,494 CULTURE. 1945 00:59:58,494 --> 00:59:59,996 YES, IF WE ARE GOING TO BE 1946 00:59:59,996 --> 01:00:00,997 SUCCESSFUL TO DO MORE THAN WE 1947 01:00:00,997 --> 01:00:02,031 HAVE DONE BEFORE, THAT'S AN 1948 01:00:02,031 --> 01:00:03,566 IMPORTANT PIECE OF WHAT WE DO. 1949 01:00:03,566 --> 01:00:04,000 >> THANKS. 1950 01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:04,934 SO THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM 1951 01:00:04,934 --> 01:00:07,070 EMILY FROM LANGLEY. 1952 01:00:07,070 --> 01:00:07,503 >> HELLO. 1953 01:00:07,503 --> 01:00:09,205 >> SHE'S HERE. 1954 01:00:09,205 --> 01:00:10,306 SORRY. 1955 01:00:10,306 --> 01:00:10,740 >> HI. 1956 01:00:10,740 --> 01:00:11,574 >> INTERN AT LANGLEY RESEARCH 1957 01:00:11,574 --> 01:00:13,343 CENTER AND A GRADUATE STUDENT AT 1958 01:00:13,343 --> 01:00:14,844 STANFORD UNIVERSITY. 1959 01:00:14,844 --> 01:00:16,279 MY QUESTION -- 1960 01:00:16,279 --> 01:00:17,113 >> ALL THESE SMART PEOPLE. 1961 01:00:17,113 --> 01:00:19,415 >> MY QUESTION FOR YOU IS IN A 1962 01:00:19,415 --> 01:00:20,450 HISTORICALLY WHITE MALE DON 1963 01:00:20,450 --> 01:00:22,385 ???NED FEEL WHAT ARE YOU DOING 1964 01:00:22,385 --> 01:00:24,887 INSURE THAT WOMEN AND OTHER 1965 01:00:24,887 --> 01:00:25,722 MINORITIES ARE FAIRLY REPRESENT 1966 01:00:25,722 --> 01:00:27,590 AND THE RESPECTED HERE AT NASA? 1967 01:00:27,590 --> 01:00:32,495 >> ANOTHER GREAT QUESTION. 1968 01:00:32,495 --> 01:00:35,431 I THINK I PARTIALLY ADDRESSED 1969 01:00:35,431 --> 01:00:36,766 THIS A FEW MOMENTS AGO, BUT 1970 01:00:36,766 --> 01:00:38,701 INCLUSION IS A CRITICAL PIECE OF 1971 01:00:38,701 --> 01:00:39,502 LEADERSHIP AND PEOPLE LOOK AT ME 1972 01:00:39,502 --> 01:00:44,307 AND SEE HOW I AM BEHAVING AND IT 1973 01:00:44,307 --> 01:00:46,442 GETS MODELED ALL THE WAY DOWN. 1974 01:00:46,442 --> 01:00:47,777 AND I UNDERSTAND MY ROLE IN THAT 1975 01:00:47,777 --> 01:00:48,111 EFFORT. 1976 01:00:48,111 --> 01:00:49,078 BUT IT'S ALSO TRUE THAT, YOU 1977 01:00:49,078 --> 01:00:51,214 KNOW, WE NEED PROGRAMS THAT 1978 01:00:51,214 --> 01:00:54,851 ENCOURAGE, AGAIN, YOUNG FOLKS TO 1979 01:00:54,851 --> 01:00:56,452 GET INVOLVED FROM A VERY EARLY 1980 01:00:56,452 --> 01:00:57,587 AGE THAT ARE UNDER REPRESENTED 1981 01:00:57,587 --> 01:00:58,821 RIGHT NOW AS YOU HAVE SEEN I AM 1982 01:00:58,821 --> 01:01:02,325 SURE IN YOUR TIME HERE. 1983 01:01:02,325 --> 01:01:04,027 SO THERE IS -- NASA IS VERY 1984 01:01:04,027 --> 01:01:05,161 INVOLVED IN THIS. 1985 01:01:05,161 --> 01:01:06,295 AND YOU HAVE MY COMMITMENT THAT 1986 01:01:06,295 --> 01:01:09,899 I WILL CONTINUE SUPPORTING THOSE 1987 01:01:09,899 --> 01:01:11,701 PROGRAMS. 1988 01:01:11,701 --> 01:01:12,735 >> SO I KNOW WE HAVE HAD A LOT 1989 01:01:12,735 --> 01:01:13,970 OF GREAT QUESTIONS, THIS NEXT 1990 01:01:13,970 --> 01:01:15,338 ONE I KNOW YOU WILL REALLY LIKE. 1991 01:01:15,338 --> 01:01:20,109 IT'S FROM KARA FROM JOHNSON. 1992 01:01:20,109 --> 01:01:22,979 >> HI, NAME NAME IS KARA AND I 1993 01:01:22,979 --> 01:01:24,647 GO TO ROCHESTER I WANT TIES OF 1994 01:01:24,647 --> 01:01:25,048 TECHNOLOGY. 1995 01:01:25,048 --> 01:01:26,115 MY QUESTION, IS PRESIDENT TRUMP 1996 01:01:26,115 --> 01:01:27,316 HAS RECENTLY ORDERED THE 1997 01:01:27,316 --> 01:01:29,285 PENTAGON TO CREATE A SPACE FORCE 1998 01:01:29,285 --> 01:01:32,288 AS A NEW BRANCH TO THE UNITED 1999 01:01:32,288 --> 01:01:33,923 STATES MILITARY WHAT 2000 01:01:33,923 --> 01:01:35,124 IMPLICATIONS WOULD IT HAVE FOR 2001 01:01:35,124 --> 01:01:40,363 NASA IF IT IS PURSUED? 2002 01:01:40,363 --> 01:01:42,298 >> OKAY. 2003 01:01:42,298 --> 01:01:43,800 >> I WILL SHARE YOU WHAT'S FUN. 2004 01:01:43,800 --> 01:01:45,201 >> Reporter: I GET ASKED ABOUT 2005 01:01:45,201 --> 01:01:46,602 THE SPACE FORCE ALL TIME 2006 01:01:46,602 --> 01:01:47,637 EVERYBODY WHERE I GO PEOPLE WANT 2007 01:01:47,637 --> 01:01:48,371 TO KNOW ABOUT THE SPACE FORCE 2008 01:01:48,371 --> 01:01:49,639 AND IT'S ALWAYS FUNNY, PEOPLE 2009 01:01:49,639 --> 01:01:54,377 THINK IT'S FUNNY. 2010 01:01:54,377 --> 01:01:56,412 I WANT TO BE CLEAR, THIS IS A 2011 01:01:56,412 --> 01:01:57,747 VERY SERIOUS POLICY PROPOSAL AS 2012 01:01:57,747 --> 01:01:59,082 A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE THE 2013 01:01:59,082 --> 01:02:00,883 REPRESENTATIVE I VOTED IN FAVOR 2014 01:02:00,883 --> 01:02:03,720 I'VE SEPARATE SPACE CORPS WE 2015 01:02:03,720 --> 01:02:06,155 DIDN'T CALL IT SPACE FORCE WE 2016 01:02:06,155 --> 01:02:08,324 CALLED IT CORPS. 2017 01:02:08,324 --> 01:02:10,093 I VOTED ON IT THREE TIMES IN 2018 01:02:10,093 --> 01:02:12,862 PASSED IN A STRONG BIPARTISAN 2019 01:02:12,862 --> 01:02:14,497 WAY AND THE FULL ARM SERVICES 2020 01:02:14,497 --> 01:02:16,432 COMMITTEE IT PASSED IN A STRONG 2021 01:02:16,432 --> 01:02:18,267 BY PART AN SAY IOWA I AND IT 2022 01:02:18,267 --> 01:02:20,069 PASSED THE FULL HOUSE OF 2023 01:02:20,069 --> 01:02:20,803 REPRESENTATIVES, THEN IT WENT TO 2024 01:02:20,803 --> 01:02:22,271 THE SENATE AND IT DIED LIKE 2025 01:02:22,271 --> 01:02:23,773 EVERYTHING ELSE DIES IN THE 2026 01:02:23,773 --> 01:02:24,107 SENATE. 2027 01:02:24,107 --> 01:02:27,410 [ LAUGHTER ] 2028 01:02:27,410 --> 01:02:28,745 >> NOW, BUT THIS IS A SERIOUS 2029 01:02:28,745 --> 01:02:29,846 POLICY PROPOSAL. 2030 01:02:29,846 --> 01:02:32,281 AND FOR -- AND THIS IS A VERY 2031 01:02:32,281 --> 01:02:32,849 INTELLIGENT AUDIENCE. 2032 01:02:32,849 --> 01:02:36,619 SO THE LAST THING I WANT TO DO 2033 01:02:36,619 --> 01:02:38,287 IS INSULT THE LEVEL OF 2034 01:02:38,287 --> 01:02:39,622 INTELLIGENCE THAT -- LOOK, I 2035 01:02:39,622 --> 01:02:40,656 KNOW HOW SMART YOU ARE, BUT I 2036 01:02:40,656 --> 01:02:41,691 WANT TO SHARE WITH YOU MAYBE FOR 2037 01:02:41,691 --> 01:02:44,327 SOME THAT ARE NOT AWARE, HOW 2038 01:02:44,327 --> 01:02:45,895 CRITICAL SPACE IS TO OUR 2039 01:02:45,895 --> 01:02:46,996 EVERY-DAY LIVES. 2040 01:02:46,996 --> 01:02:48,631 THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE. 2041 01:02:48,631 --> 01:02:50,566 IF YOU HAVE DIRECT TV OR DISH 2042 01:02:50,566 --> 01:02:52,869 NETWORK OR INTERNET BROAD BANDS, 2043 01:02:52,869 --> 01:02:56,205 WE ARE TALKING ABOUT A MULTI 2044 01:02:56,205 --> 01:02:56,939 HUNDRED BILLION DOLLARS INDUSTRY 2045 01:02:56,939 --> 01:02:59,041 JUST FOR SPACE-BASED 2046 01:02:59,041 --> 01:02:59,509 COMMUNICATIONS. 2047 01:02:59,509 --> 01:03:00,309 THE WAY WE NAVIGATE. 2048 01:03:00,309 --> 01:03:02,145 IF YOU HAVE EVER USED GPS. 2049 01:03:02,145 --> 01:03:04,447 THE WAY WE PRODUCE FOOD, I WAS 2050 01:03:04,447 --> 01:03:06,048 AT A SWIM MEET WITH MY KIDS JUST 2051 01:03:06,048 --> 01:03:08,918 LAST WEEKEND SITTING NEXT TO A 2052 01:03:08,918 --> 01:03:10,887 GUY THERE TO WATCH HIS GRAND 2053 01:03:10,887 --> 01:03:12,221 KIDS SWIM IN A MEET AND THE 2054 01:03:12,221 --> 01:03:14,991 GENTLEMEN IS A PARDON FARMER FRO 2055 01:03:14,991 --> 01:03:15,358 NEBRASKA. 2056 01:03:15,358 --> 01:03:16,692 AND HE'S LIKE, SO WHAT DO YOU 2057 01:03:16,692 --> 01:03:16,959 DO? 2058 01:03:16,959 --> 01:03:19,262 I SAID WELL, I WORK FOR NASA? 2059 01:03:19,262 --> 01:03:20,329 WHAT DO YOU FOR NASA? 2060 01:03:20,329 --> 01:03:22,765 I AM THE ADMINISTRATE ARE. 2061 01:03:22,765 --> 01:03:24,367 WHAT DOES THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR 2062 01:03:24,367 --> 01:03:24,634 DO? 2063 01:03:24,634 --> 01:03:26,435 WELL, I KIND OF RUN IT. 2064 01:03:26,435 --> 01:03:26,736 THINK. 2065 01:03:26,736 --> 01:03:29,872 [ LAUGHTER ] 2066 01:03:29,872 --> 01:03:31,674 >> AND HE WAS LIKE, OH, WELL, 2067 01:03:31,674 --> 01:03:32,241 THAT'S FANTASTIC AND HE STARTS 2068 01:03:32,275 --> 01:03:34,744 TECHNOLOGY THAT HE USES AS A 2069 01:03:34,744 --> 01:03:36,245 FARMER IN NEBRASKA TO HELP HIM 2070 01:03:36,245 --> 01:03:40,149 KNOW WHEN TO PLANT AND WHEN TO 2071 01:03:40,149 --> 01:03:40,817 HARVEST. 2072 01:03:40,817 --> 01:03:42,718 AND HOW IT'S IMPROVED THEIR 2073 01:03:42,718 --> 01:03:44,587 ABILITY TO PRODUCE FOOD. 2074 01:03:44,587 --> 01:03:46,722 WHICH IS A REALLY BIG PROBLEM 2075 01:03:46,722 --> 01:03:48,357 THAT WE ARE GOING TO CONTINUALLY 2076 01:03:48,357 --> 01:03:48,958 DEAL WITH. 2077 01:03:48,958 --> 01:03:51,794 HOW DO WE PRODUCE FOOD IN THE 2078 01:03:51,794 --> 01:03:52,895 QUANTITIES NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN 2079 01:03:52,895 --> 01:03:55,565 THE POPULATION AND SO HE'S 2080 01:03:55,565 --> 01:03:57,466 TELLING ME ABOUT THIS CONSORTIUM 2081 01:03:57,466 --> 01:03:59,001 OF HIM AND OTHER FARMERS AND 2082 01:03:59,001 --> 01:04:00,603 THAT THEY ARE EDUCATING OTHER 2083 01:04:00,603 --> 01:04:02,038 FARM ORES HOW TO USE NASA 2084 01:04:02,038 --> 01:04:03,973 TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THEIR 2085 01:04:03,973 --> 01:04:05,274 YIELDS AND THAT KIND OF THING. 2086 01:04:05,274 --> 01:04:06,642 AGAIN, IT WAS A FASCINATING 2087 01:04:06,642 --> 01:04:07,076 CONVERSATION. 2088 01:04:07,076 --> 01:04:08,377 BUT THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE, THE 2089 01:04:08,377 --> 01:04:10,179 WAY WE NAVIGATE, THE WHAT I WE 2090 01:04:10,179 --> 01:04:11,814 PRODUCE FOOD, THE WAY WE PRODUCE 2091 01:04:11,814 --> 01:04:14,050 ENERGY IN THIS COUNTRY, THE WAY 2092 01:04:14,050 --> 01:04:16,352 WE DO NATIONAL SECURITY AND 2093 01:04:16,352 --> 01:04:17,887 DEFENSE, WE TALKED ABOUT WEATHER 2094 01:04:17,887 --> 01:04:20,056 THE WAY WE PREDICT WEATHER. 2095 01:04:20,056 --> 01:04:21,724 THE WAY WE UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE 2096 01:04:21,724 --> 01:04:22,425 IN CLIMATE. 2097 01:04:22,425 --> 01:04:24,460 THE WAY WE DO BANKING IN THIS 2098 01:04:24,460 --> 01:04:26,095 COUNTRY IS IS DEPENDENT ON 2099 01:04:26,095 --> 01:04:30,399 SPACE, EVERY BANKING'S ACTIONTRA 2100 01:04:30,399 --> 01:04:32,902 IN THIS COUNTRY REQUIRES GPS 2101 01:04:32,902 --> 01:04:33,236 SAMING. 2102 01:04:33,236 --> 01:04:34,003 EVERY BANKING TRANSACTION, WHAT 2103 01:04:34,003 --> 01:04:34,670 DOES THAT MEAN? 2104 01:04:34,670 --> 01:04:36,305 IF WE LOSE GPS. 2105 01:04:36,305 --> 01:04:37,139 WE LOSE BANKING IN THE UNITED 2106 01:04:37,139 --> 01:04:39,141 STATES OF AMERICA. 2107 01:04:39,141 --> 01:04:41,277 IF WE LOSE GPS WITHIN THREE DAYS 2108 01:04:41,277 --> 01:04:43,246 THERE IS NOT MILK IN THE GROCERY 2109 01:04:43,246 --> 01:04:43,546 STORE. 2110 01:04:43,546 --> 01:04:45,615 THAT IS AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT TO 2111 01:04:45,615 --> 01:04:49,886 OUR COUNTRY. 2112 01:04:49,886 --> 01:04:55,024 HERE IS THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE. 2113 01:04:55,024 --> 01:04:57,660 WHILE WE ARE DID HE PENNANT ON 2114 01:04:57,660 --> 01:05:01,097 SPACE, THERE ARE UNFRIENDLY 2115 01:05:01,097 --> 01:05:07,536 KENDRYIES LANDING LAWN ANTI. 2116 01:05:07,536 --> 01:05:08,771 HACKING, SPOOFING, DAZZLING. 2117 01:05:08,771 --> 01:05:11,974 WHEN A COUNTRY BUILDS THEIR OWN 2118 01:05:11,974 --> 01:05:13,009 GPS CAPABILITY STATEMENT THEY 2119 01:05:13,009 --> 01:05:14,243 ARE DEVELOPING WAYS TO TAKE OUT 2120 01:05:14,243 --> 01:05:15,912 OUR GPS CAPABILITY. 2121 01:05:15,912 --> 01:05:17,546 OURS IS AVAILABLE TO THE ENTIRE 2122 01:05:17,546 --> 01:05:19,148 WORLDS AND FOR FREE. 2123 01:05:19,148 --> 01:05:20,182 WHY WOULD ANYBODY WANT TO TAKE 2124 01:05:20,182 --> 01:05:20,783 IT OUT? 2125 01:05:20,783 --> 01:05:22,218 BECAUSE THEY KNOW WE ARE 2126 01:05:22,218 --> 01:05:22,818 DEPENDENT ON IT. 2127 01:05:22,818 --> 01:05:25,721 WHEN THEY COUNTRIES CALL SPACE 2128 01:05:25,721 --> 01:05:27,023 THE AMERICANA KILL I'S HEEL, WE 2129 01:05:27,023 --> 01:05:30,426 HAVE TO TAKE THAT SERIOUS WILLLY 2130 01:05:30,426 --> 01:05:39,035 SO IN THE HOUSE OF KEPT TIFFS. 2131 01:05:39,035 --> 01:05:40,703 THERE IS A LOT OF GOING ON IN 2132 01:05:40,703 --> 01:05:42,338 SPACE THAT MAYERS MAKES IT A 2133 01:05:42,338 --> 01:05:43,239 HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT AND THAT'S 2134 01:05:43,239 --> 01:05:44,073 JUST THE NATURE OF THE WORLD 2135 01:05:44,073 --> 01:05:44,774 THAT WE LIVE IN. 2136 01:05:44,774 --> 01:05:45,775 IN THE HOUSE IT ROWS TO THE 2137 01:05:45,775 --> 01:05:47,209 LEVEL WHERE WE NEEDED TO HAVE A 2138 01:05:47,209 --> 01:05:57,286 SEPARATE FORCE FOCUSED ON SPACE. 2139 01:05:57,286 --> 01:06:00,122 WE DO SCIENCE, EXPLORATION AND 2140 01:06:00,122 --> 01:06:00,489 DISCOVERY. 2141 01:06:00,489 --> 01:06:02,024 NASA IS NOT A WAR FIGHTING 2142 01:06:02,024 --> 01:06:03,259 AGENCY AND WE WILL NOT BE. 2143 01:06:03,259 --> 01:06:05,361 BUT I WILL TELL THROUGH FROM MY 2144 01:06:05,361 --> 01:06:08,497 PREVIOUS LIFE IN THE HOUSE OF 2145 01:06:08,497 --> 01:06:11,100 REPRESENTATIVES, SPACE HAS TO BE 2146 01:06:11,100 --> 01:06:11,467 PROTECTED. 2147 01:06:11,467 --> 01:06:12,168 IT'S NOT BECAUSE WE WANT SPACE 2148 01:06:12,168 --> 01:06:15,104 TO BE THIS BENIGN, YOU KNOW, 2149 01:06:15,104 --> 01:06:16,739 PEACEFUL PLACE, THAT'S WHAT WE 2150 01:06:16,739 --> 01:06:17,039 WANT. 2151 01:06:17,039 --> 01:06:20,009 BUT THE ENEMY HERE GETS A VOTE. 2152 01:06:20,009 --> 01:06:21,811 AND THEY ARE VOTING RIGHT NOW. 2153 01:06:21,811 --> 01:06:22,979 AND THE QUESTION IS, ARE WE 2154 01:06:22,979 --> 01:06:24,213 READY FOR IT? 2155 01:06:24,213 --> 01:06:27,016 AND SO IN THE HOUSE, WE DECIDED, 2156 01:06:27,016 --> 01:06:29,518 LOOK, WE NEED TO HAVE A FORCE 2157 01:06:29,518 --> 01:06:30,553 THAT -- AND RIGHT NOW BY THE 2158 01:06:30,553 --> 01:06:33,322 WAY, THE SPACE FORCE EXISTS, 2159 01:06:33,322 --> 01:06:35,391 IT'S JUST INSIDE THE AIR FORCE, 2160 01:06:35,391 --> 01:06:35,691 RIGHT? 2161 01:06:35,691 --> 01:06:38,627 SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE AIR FORCE 2162 01:06:38,627 --> 01:06:40,229 SPACE COMMAND AND SPACE AND 2163 01:06:40,229 --> 01:06:42,732 MISSILE SYSTEMS CENTER, THAT 2164 01:06:42,732 --> 01:06:44,266 REPRESENTS IN ESSENCE 2165 01:06:44,266 --> 01:06:45,501 ORGANIZING, TRAINING AND 2166 01:06:45,501 --> 01:06:45,868 EQUIPPING. 2167 01:06:45,868 --> 01:06:47,103 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT WHAT A 2168 01:06:47,103 --> 01:06:50,006 MILITARY FORCE DOES, ARMY, NAVY, 2169 01:06:50,006 --> 01:06:52,274 AIR FORCE, MARINES WHAT DO THEY 2170 01:06:52,274 --> 01:06:52,541 DO? 2171 01:06:52,541 --> 01:06:53,576 ORGANIZE, TRAIN AND EQUIP FORCES 2172 01:06:53,576 --> 01:06:55,611 FOR THE THEATERS IN WHICH THEY 2173 01:06:55,611 --> 01:06:55,911 FIGHT. 2174 01:06:55,911 --> 01:06:58,447 ORGANIZE, TRAIN, EQUIP. 2175 01:06:58,447 --> 01:06:58,814 THAT'S IT. 2176 01:06:58,814 --> 01:07:00,116 THEY DON'T FIGHT WARS. 2177 01:07:00,116 --> 01:07:02,318 MILITARY SERVICES DON'T FIGHT 2178 01:07:02,318 --> 01:07:03,119 WARS. 2179 01:07:03,119 --> 01:07:04,587 COMBATANT COMMANDS FIGHT WARS, 2180 01:07:04,587 --> 01:07:05,588 MILITARY SERVICES ARE 2181 01:07:05,588 --> 01:07:06,922 RESPONSIBLE FOR ORGANIZING, 2182 01:07:06,922 --> 01:07:08,557 TRAINING AND EQUIPPING AND THEN 2183 01:07:08,557 --> 01:07:10,059 THOSE FORCES, WHEN I SAY 2184 01:07:10,059 --> 01:07:11,827 ORGANIZE, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT 2185 01:07:11,827 --> 01:07:13,462 RECRUITING, TRAINING, IS GETTING 2186 01:07:13,462 --> 01:07:15,164 THEM TO TRAIN AND EQUIPPING THE 2187 01:07:15,164 --> 01:07:17,299 AIR FORCE SPACE AND MISSILE 2188 01:07:17,299 --> 01:07:18,334 SYSTEMS CENTER THEY DO THE 2189 01:07:18,334 --> 01:07:20,536 ACQUISITIONS FOR THE SPACE 2190 01:07:20,536 --> 01:07:21,470 CAPABILITIES FOR THE NATIONAL 2191 01:07:21,470 --> 01:07:22,471 SECURITY ELEMENT IF YOU WERE TO 2192 01:07:22,471 --> 01:07:24,273 CARVE THAT OUT OF THE AIR FORCE, 2193 01:07:24,273 --> 01:07:26,842 GIVE IT ITS OWN FOUR STAR 2194 01:07:26,842 --> 01:07:28,444 GENERAL OR ADMIRAL ON THE JOINT 2195 01:07:28,444 --> 01:07:30,179 CHIEFS OF STAFF AND GIVE IT ITS 2196 01:07:30,179 --> 01:07:31,647 OWN SERVICE SECRETARY ACCOUNT 2197 01:07:31,647 --> 01:07:35,051 YOU HAVE IN EN ESSENCE CREATED A 2198 01:07:35,051 --> 01:07:37,153 SPACE FORCE BY CARVING IT OUT OF 2199 01:07:37,153 --> 01:07:38,921 THE AIR FORCE BUT NOW IT HAS ITS 2200 01:07:38,921 --> 01:07:41,023 OWN BUDGET LINE ON THE JOINT 2201 01:07:41,023 --> 01:07:44,060 CHIEFS OF STAFF AND ITS OWN 2202 01:07:44,060 --> 01:07:44,894 SERVICE SECRETARY REPORTING TO 2203 01:07:44,894 --> 01:07:46,896 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, IN MY 2204 01:07:46,896 --> 01:07:49,331 VIEW, SPACE NOW RISES TO THAT 2205 01:07:49,331 --> 01:07:51,467 LEVEL OF PROTECTION. 2206 01:07:51,467 --> 01:07:53,169 WE ARE ALREADY DOING IT AS A 2207 01:07:53,169 --> 01:07:54,203 COUNTRY, THE QUESTION IS DO WE 2208 01:07:54,203 --> 01:07:57,006 NEED TO GO TO THAT NEXT LEVEL 2209 01:07:57,006 --> 01:07:58,874 AND IN MY VIEW AND THE VIEW OF 2210 01:07:58,874 --> 01:07:59,775 THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 2211 01:07:59,775 --> 01:08:01,077 THE ANSWER WAS YES. 2212 01:08:01,077 --> 01:08:05,748 WE NEED TODAY DO THAT. 2213 01:08:05,748 --> 01:08:06,482 NEEDED TO DO THAT. 2214 01:08:06,482 --> 01:08:08,717 WE CALLED IT THE SPACE CORPS. 2215 01:08:08,717 --> 01:08:10,886 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE MARINE 2216 01:08:10,886 --> 01:08:11,754 CORPS THEY REPORT TO THE 2217 01:08:11,754 --> 01:08:12,588 SECRETARY OF NAVY IT. 2218 01:08:12,588 --> 01:08:14,390 DOESN'T HAVE ITS OWN SERVICE 2219 01:08:14,390 --> 01:08:15,224 SECRETARY THAT'S HOW WE 2220 01:08:15,224 --> 01:08:16,058 ORGANIZED IT BECAUSE WE DIDN'T 2221 01:08:16,058 --> 01:08:18,594 WANT TO PULL THE BAND-AID OFF 2222 01:08:18,594 --> 01:08:21,464 TOO HARD WE WANTED A SEPARATE 2223 01:08:21,464 --> 01:08:22,498 SPACE CORPS REPORTING TO THE 2224 01:08:22,498 --> 01:08:24,100 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AND 2225 01:08:24,100 --> 01:08:25,401 LARGELY FALL UNDER THE BUDGE THE 2226 01:08:25,401 --> 01:08:26,702 LEAN 2227 01:08:26,702 --> 01:08:29,271 LINE OF THE AIR AIR FORCE, THAT 2228 01:08:29,271 --> 01:08:29,705 THE YU IDEA. 2229 01:08:29,705 --> 01:08:31,574 IF YOU LOOK AT HOW DEPENDENT WE 2230 01:08:31,574 --> 01:08:33,509 ARE ON SPACE AND IF YOU LOOK AT 2231 01:08:33,509 --> 01:08:34,677 THE THREATS PRO LIVE RATEING IN 2232 01:08:34,677 --> 01:08:36,879 MY VIEW AND THE VIEW OF A LOT OF 2233 01:08:36,879 --> 01:08:38,414 OTHERS IT WAS TIME DO CREATE 2234 01:08:38,414 --> 01:08:39,415 THIS SEPARATE SPACE FORCE. 2235 01:08:39,415 --> 01:08:46,555 NOW, I AM A BIG ADVOCATE OF IT. 2236 01:08:46,555 --> 01:08:48,858 I HAVE BEEN FOR YEARS. 2237 01:08:48,858 --> 01:08:50,092 HOW DOES IT RELATE TO NASA IS 2238 01:08:50,092 --> 01:08:51,827 THE QUESTION? 2239 01:08:51,827 --> 01:08:54,163 ANSWER IS IT IS IS IT DOESN'T MI 2240 01:08:54,163 --> 01:08:55,397 OTHER THAT THAT, WE HAVE 2241 01:08:55,397 --> 01:08:56,899 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF 2242 01:08:56,899 --> 01:08:58,000 ASSETS THAT NEED TO BE 2243 01:08:58,000 --> 01:08:58,434 PROTECTED. 2244 01:08:58,434 --> 01:09:00,936 IF AN ORGANIZATION CAN FIGURE 2245 01:09:00,936 --> 01:09:02,471 HOWE OUT IF THERE IS AN ANOMALY 2246 01:09:02,471 --> 01:09:03,606 ON A SATELLITE. 2247 01:09:03,606 --> 01:09:09,678 WAS IT AN ACCIDENT. 2248 01:09:09,678 --> 01:09:12,214 WAS IT THE SATELLITE OR CAN WE 2249 01:09:12,214 --> 01:09:16,218 ATTRIBUTE TO A HOSTILE ACTOR. 2250 01:09:16,218 --> 01:09:17,820 RIGHT NOW THAT'S DIFFICULT TO 2251 01:09:17,820 --> 01:09:18,187 DETERMINE. 2252 01:09:18,187 --> 01:09:20,022 IF WE CAN HAVE THAT LEGAL OF 2253 01:09:20,022 --> 01:09:21,757 GRANULARITY THE OTHER THING IS 2254 01:09:21,757 --> 01:09:23,492 THIS, WE ACTUALLY HAVE HUMAN 2255 01:09:23,492 --> 01:09:25,394 LIVES AT STAKE UP THERE. 2256 01:09:25,394 --> 01:09:27,429 SO IF THINGS GO KINETIC IN 2257 01:09:27,429 --> 01:09:28,731 SPACE, WHICH WE ALL WANT TO 2258 01:09:28,731 --> 01:09:30,032 PREVENT THAT FROM HAPPENING, TO 2259 01:09:30,032 --> 01:09:32,635 THE EXTENT THAT OUR SPACE FORCE 2260 01:09:32,635 --> 01:09:34,103 IS EFFECTIVE, IT NEEDS TO BE 2261 01:09:34,103 --> 01:09:34,770 EFFECTIVE IN A SENSE THAT 2262 01:09:34,770 --> 01:09:36,572 EVERYTHING IT DOES IS 2263 01:09:36,572 --> 01:09:36,972 REVERSIBLE. 2264 01:09:36,972 --> 01:09:38,440 IN OTHER WORDS, WE ARE NOT GOING 2265 01:09:38,440 --> 01:09:39,942 TO CREATE MASSIVE DEBRIS FIELDS 2266 01:09:39,942 --> 01:09:40,409 IN SPACE. 2267 01:09:40,409 --> 01:09:41,944 YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO USE 2268 01:09:41,944 --> 01:09:43,245 TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE THIR 2269 01:09:43,245 --> 01:09:45,147 SATELLITES OR THEIR CAPABILITIES 2270 01:09:45,147 --> 01:09:46,448 NOT EFFECTIVE. 2271 01:09:46,448 --> 01:09:48,918 BUT ALSO NOT CREATE MASSIVE 2272 01:09:48,918 --> 01:09:49,919 DEBRIS FIELDS. 2273 01:09:49,919 --> 01:09:51,053 THOSE TECHNOLOGIES AND 2274 01:09:51,053 --> 01:09:52,655 CAPABILITY ARE WHAT WE SHOULD BE 2275 01:09:52,655 --> 01:09:53,055 FOCUSING ON. 2276 01:09:53,055 --> 01:09:58,794 AT THE END OF THE DAY, THE SPACE 2277 01:09:58,794 --> 01:09:59,962 FORCE GETS A LOT OF ATTENTION 2278 01:09:59,962 --> 01:10:00,896 BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT KEEPS 2279 01:10:00,896 --> 01:10:01,864 TALKING ABOUT IT, BUT HE'S RIGHT 2280 01:10:01,864 --> 01:10:04,066 AND I AM BEING BRUTALLY HONEST, 2281 01:10:04,066 --> 01:10:07,670 IT IS NOT A FUNNY THING IT'S 2282 01:10:07,670 --> 01:10:09,972 VERY SERIOUS AND WE NEED TO TAKE 2283 01:10:09,972 --> 01:10:10,339 SERIOUSLY. 2284 01:10:10,339 --> 01:10:10,839 >> THANK YOU. 2285 01:10:10,839 --> 01:10:11,540 LET PLEA SUGGEST THIS. 2286 01:10:11,540 --> 01:10:13,042 I WILL ASK MY KNEW BEST FRIEND 2287 01:10:13,042 --> 01:10:15,277 UP IN THE CONTROL BOOTH WE WILL 2288 01:10:15,277 --> 01:10:16,278 SKIP THE NEXT QUESTION AND GO TO 2289 01:10:16,278 --> 01:10:17,546 THE QUESTION AFTER THAT MUCH 2290 01:10:17,546 --> 01:10:19,848 WHILE HE'S GETTING THAT READY. 2291 01:10:19,848 --> 01:10:20,649 I WAS KIND OF KIDDING WHEN I 2292 01:10:20,649 --> 01:10:21,984 SAID I KNEW I WOULD LOVE THAT 2293 01:10:21,984 --> 01:10:22,351 QUESTION. 2294 01:10:22,351 --> 01:10:23,752 BUT AS YOU CAN TELL, HE'S VERY 2295 01:10:23,752 --> 01:10:24,386 PASSIONATE ABOUT IT. 2296 01:10:24,386 --> 01:10:27,690 AND I FOUND THAT HE WAS SHARING 2297 01:10:27,690 --> 01:10:28,924 A SIMILAR ANSWER TO OUR SENIOR 2298 01:10:28,924 --> 01:10:29,858 LEADERS AFTER IT CAME OUT A 2299 01:10:29,858 --> 01:10:30,859 COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO. 2300 01:10:30,859 --> 01:10:31,994 AND IT'S VERY HELPFUL BECAUSE I 2301 01:10:31,994 --> 01:10:33,862 WENT HOME THAT WEEKEN AND PEOPLE 2302 01:10:33,862 --> 01:10:35,464 ASKED ME ABOUT THE SPACE FORCE 2303 01:10:35,464 --> 01:10:36,498 AND I REPEATED SOME OF THE 2304 01:10:36,498 --> 01:10:37,533 THINGS THAT YOU JUST HEARD HERE. 2305 01:10:37,533 --> 01:10:38,767 SO, AGAIN, THIS IS ANOTHER 2306 01:10:38,767 --> 01:10:41,003 CHANCE FOR YOU TO BE AMBASSADORS 2307 01:10:41,003 --> 01:10:43,372 OF HOW DO THESE PIECES FIT 2308 01:10:43,372 --> 01:10:44,273 TOGETHER. 2309 01:10:44,273 --> 01:10:46,208 >> AS YOU ARE AN AMBASSADOR, BE 2310 01:10:46,208 --> 01:10:47,543 CLEAR, NASA DOESN'T FIGHT WARS. 2311 01:10:47,543 --> 01:10:50,980 AND WE ARE NOT GOING TO. 2312 01:10:50,980 --> 01:10:53,782 WE WERE INTENTIONALLY DESIGNED 2313 01:10:53,782 --> 01:10:55,684 BY DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER TO BE 2314 01:10:55,684 --> 01:10:56,485 SEPARATE FROM THE MILITARY FORCE 2315 01:10:56,485 --> 01:10:58,621 AT A TIME WHEN THERE WAS A LOT 2316 01:10:58,621 --> 01:10:59,855 OF PRESSURE TO ENCOURAGE NASA TO 2317 01:10:59,855 --> 01:11:02,658 BE PART OF THE MILITARY AND 2318 01:11:02,658 --> 01:11:03,592 DWIGHT EISENHOWER SAID 2319 01:11:03,592 --> 01:11:04,093 ABSOLUTELY NOT. 2320 01:11:04,093 --> 01:11:06,362 WE WANT A PEACEFUL AGENCY THAT 2321 01:11:06,362 --> 01:11:07,529 DOESN'T GET INVOLVED IN ANY OF 2322 01:11:07,529 --> 01:11:16,105 THE WAR FIGHTING EFFORTS. 2323 01:11:16,105 --> 01:11:17,072 YOU HAVE RUSSIA AND THE UNITED 2324 01:11:17,072 --> 01:11:17,906 STATES, THE RELATIONSHIP CAN 2325 01:11:17,906 --> 01:11:19,608 FALL APART ON EARTH AND WE CAN 2326 01:11:19,608 --> 01:11:21,010 STILL COLLABORATE IN SPACE. 2327 01:11:21,010 --> 01:11:22,177 AS A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF 2328 01:11:22,177 --> 01:11:23,112 REPRESENTATIVES AFTER THE 2329 01:11:23,112 --> 01:11:25,881 INVASION OF CRIMEA, THERE WAS A 2330 01:11:25,881 --> 01:11:28,017 SANK BILL AFTER SANK BILL, AFTER 2331 01:11:28,017 --> 01:11:28,984 SANK BILL AGAINST RUSSIA. 2332 01:11:28,984 --> 01:11:32,121 AND GUESS WHAT, ONE OF THEM 2333 01:11:32,121 --> 01:11:32,521 PASSED. 2334 01:11:32,521 --> 01:11:33,789 IT PASSED OVERWHELMINGLY. 2335 01:11:33,789 --> 01:11:38,994 BUT IT'S ALSO TRUE THAT SPACE 2336 01:11:38,994 --> 01:11:40,796 FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES WAS CARVED 2337 01:11:40,796 --> 01:11:41,930 OUT INTENTIONALLY, BECAUSE WE 2338 01:11:41,930 --> 01:11:45,634 KNOW THAT THIS REPRESENTS AN 2339 01:11:45,634 --> 01:11:46,869 OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE A DIALOGUE 2340 01:11:46,869 --> 01:11:47,770 THAT WHEN ALL OTHER 2341 01:11:47,770 --> 01:11:48,971 OPPORTUNITIES FALL APART, WE CAN 2342 01:11:48,971 --> 01:11:50,472 STILL HAVE A DIALOGUE AS IT 2343 01:11:50,472 --> 01:11:52,308 RELATES TO PEACEFUL OPERATIONS 2344 01:11:52,308 --> 01:11:53,509 IN SPACE. 2345 01:11:53,509 --> 01:11:55,144 THAT IS WHAT NASA REPRESENTS. 2346 01:11:55,144 --> 01:11:59,481 SO TO THE EXTENT THAT WE ARE A 2347 01:11:59,481 --> 01:12:02,484 POWER, NASA IS A SOFT POWER. 2348 01:12:02,484 --> 01:12:04,353 WE ARE AN AGENCY THAT PEOPLE ALL 2349 01:12:04,353 --> 01:12:05,888 AROUND THE WORLD WANT TO PARTNER 2350 01:12:05,888 --> 01:12:07,456 WITH AND IT OPENS UP A DIALOGUE 2351 01:12:07,456 --> 01:12:09,291 THAT OTHERWISE WE WOULDN'T BE 2352 01:12:09,291 --> 01:12:11,560 ABLE TO HAVE. 2353 01:12:11,560 --> 01:12:13,228 SO WE ARE NOT PART OF THE SPACE 2354 01:12:13,228 --> 01:12:15,564 FORCE, IN FACT, OUR FORCE IS 2355 01:12:15,564 --> 01:12:16,665 SOFT POWER. 2356 01:12:16,665 --> 01:12:18,467 AND DIPLOMACY, WHICH I THINK IS 2357 01:12:18,467 --> 01:12:18,834 IMPORTANT. 2358 01:12:18,834 --> 01:12:19,935 >> SO THIS IS OUR LAST QUESTION 2359 01:12:19,935 --> 01:12:21,003 FROM HERE IN THE ROOM. 2360 01:12:21,003 --> 01:12:22,638 FROM KELLY. 2361 01:12:22,638 --> 01:12:25,741 >> HI, MY NAME IS CHRISTIAN 2362 01:12:25,741 --> 01:12:26,108 RODRIGUEZ. 2363 01:12:26,108 --> 01:12:28,677 I AM DOING INTERNSHIP IN WALL 2364 01:12:28,677 --> 01:12:31,013 UPS FLIGHT FACILITY ALSO 2365 01:12:31,013 --> 01:12:33,782 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT FROM THE 2366 01:12:33,782 --> 01:12:35,651 [ INAUDIBLE ] MY QUESTION IS, 2367 01:12:35,651 --> 01:12:41,890 WITH THE RECENT HUGE INCREASE IN 2368 01:12:41,890 --> 01:12:43,692 THE INTEREST OF SPACE, WILL HAVE 2369 01:12:43,692 --> 01:12:48,864 HAVE ANY ADVICE FOR THE UPCOMING 2370 01:12:48,864 --> 01:12:50,799 YOUNG PROFESSIONALS ON WHO 2371 01:12:50,799 --> 01:12:53,035 DREAMS TO WORK FOR NASA ON HOW 2372 01:12:53,035 --> 01:12:55,104 TO STANDOUT FROM THE CROWD? 2373 01:12:55,104 --> 01:12:57,773 >> OH, GOOD, YEAH, ANOTHER GOOD 2374 01:12:57,773 --> 01:12:58,140 QUESTION. 2375 01:12:58,140 --> 01:12:59,842 SO I THINK YOU IDENTIFIED 2376 01:12:59,842 --> 01:13:03,011 SOMETHING THAT IS IMPORTANT. 2377 01:13:03,011 --> 01:13:04,046 NASA BUDGETS ARE GOING UP AND 2378 01:13:04,046 --> 01:13:06,181 THAT'S A GOOD THING. 2379 01:13:06,181 --> 01:13:07,316 SO THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET 2380 01:13:07,316 --> 01:13:09,585 REQUEST FOR NASA WAS A BILLION 2381 01:13:09,585 --> 01:13:11,854 DOLLARS HIGHER THAN BEFORE. 2382 01:13:11,854 --> 01:13:14,089 SO WHEN YOUR BUDGET IS LESS THAN 2383 01:13:14,089 --> 01:13:15,290 20 BILLION AND IT GOES UP BY I A 2384 01:13:15,290 --> 01:13:16,925 BILLION DOLLARS IN THE PRESS' 2385 01:13:16,925 --> 01:13:18,961 BUDGET REQUEST, BOY, THAT MAKES 2386 01:13:18,961 --> 01:13:21,296 MY JOB AS THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR 2387 01:13:21,296 --> 01:13:21,830 VERY GOOD. 2388 01:13:21,830 --> 01:13:23,198 IT MAKES IT EASIER, I AM NOT 2389 01:13:23,198 --> 01:13:24,700 HAVING TO MAKE DID YOU HAVE 2390 01:13:24,700 --> 01:13:25,401 DECISIONS I AM MAKING DID YOU 2391 01:13:25,401 --> 01:13:26,602 HAVE DECISIONS, WE ARE ALL 2392 01:13:26,602 --> 01:13:28,137 MAKING DID YOU HAVE DECISIONS, 2393 01:13:28,137 --> 01:13:29,772 BUT THEY ARE DECISIONS ON THE 2394 01:13:29,772 --> 01:13:30,706 GOOD SIDE RATHER THAN ANOTHER 2395 01:13:30,706 --> 01:13:31,306 BAD SIDE. 2396 01:13:31,306 --> 01:13:32,608 THAT'S NUMBER ONE. 2397 01:13:32,608 --> 01:13:33,909 WHAT'S EVERYBODY BETTER IS THE 2398 01:13:33,909 --> 01:13:35,144 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST GOES 2399 01:13:35,144 --> 01:13:36,378 TO CONGRESS AND THEY LOOK AT IT 2400 01:13:36,378 --> 01:13:37,880 AND THEY SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, WE 2401 01:13:37,880 --> 01:13:39,982 ARE GOING TO GO EVERYBODY 2402 01:13:39,982 --> 01:13:41,884 700 MILLION ABOVE THAT. 2403 01:13:41,884 --> 01:13:43,552 SO YOU HAVE BIPARTISAN SUPPORT 2404 01:13:43,552 --> 01:13:45,053 IN CONGRESS FOR NASA, YOU HAVE 2405 01:13:45,053 --> 01:13:46,455 AN ADMINISTRATION THAT'S VERY 2406 01:13:46,455 --> 01:13:47,556 SUPPORTIVE OF CONGRESS. 2407 01:13:47,556 --> 01:13:48,557 LITTLE AWKWARD FOR ME BECAUSE 2408 01:13:48,557 --> 01:13:50,793 THE PRESIDENT IS UPPING THE 2409 01:13:50,793 --> 01:13:54,229 BUDGET BY A -- $1 BILLION, AND 2410 01:13:54,229 --> 01:13:55,631 THEN I GO CONGRESS AND BY THE 2411 01:13:55,631 --> 01:13:57,399 TIME I GET THERE TO ADVOCATE FOR 2412 01:13:57,399 --> 01:13:58,467 THE HIGHER BUDGET THEY HAVE 2413 01:13:58,467 --> 01:14:00,736 ALREADY UPPED IT 700 MILLION OFF 2414 01:14:00,736 --> 01:14:01,303 TOP OF THAT. 2415 01:14:01,303 --> 01:14:03,338 SO NOW IT LOOKS LIKE I AM 2416 01:14:03,338 --> 01:14:04,373 ADVOCATING FOR A CUT WHICH ISN'T 2417 01:14:04,373 --> 01:14:05,407 WHAT I AM DOING AT ALL. 2418 01:14:05,407 --> 01:14:07,342 SO HERE IS THE THING. 2419 01:14:07,342 --> 01:14:08,677 PEOPLE ARE EXCITED ABOUT SPACE 2420 01:14:08,677 --> 01:14:12,614 AND THE HOUSE OF HOUSE OF RPRESE 2421 01:14:12,614 --> 01:14:13,315 ALL A IS CONTRACT COUNTRY. 2422 01:14:13,315 --> 01:14:16,752 I WAS TAKE ABOUT THE SWIM MEET I 2423 01:14:16,752 --> 01:14:18,353 WAS AT THE OTHER DAY AND THE 2424 01:14:18,353 --> 01:14:19,421 FARMER THERE WERE THREE PEOPLE 2425 01:14:19,421 --> 01:14:21,423 THERE JUST RANDOMLY WEARING NASA 2426 01:14:21,423 --> 01:14:21,757 SHIRTS. 2427 01:14:21,757 --> 01:14:23,025 HAVE YOU GUYS NOTICED THIS? 2428 01:14:23,025 --> 01:14:25,227 THE NASA BRAND IS ALL OVER THE 2429 01:14:25,227 --> 01:14:25,527 PLACE. 2430 01:14:25,527 --> 01:14:26,395 AND IT'S GROWING. 2431 01:14:26,395 --> 01:14:28,197 AND IT'S PHENOMENAL. 2432 01:14:28,197 --> 01:14:29,531 AND SO THESE ARE REALLY GOOD 2433 01:14:29,531 --> 01:14:29,865 THINGS. 2434 01:14:29,865 --> 01:14:30,966 PEOPLE ARE EXCITED ABOUT SPACE. 2435 01:14:30,966 --> 01:14:32,000 THEY ARE EXCITED ABOUT GOING TO 2436 01:14:32,000 --> 01:14:32,401 THE MOON. 2437 01:14:32,401 --> 01:14:33,669 THEY ARE EXCITED ABOUT 2438 01:14:33,669 --> 01:14:36,772 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS. 2439 01:14:36,772 --> 01:14:40,409 THE PUGH RESEARCH POLL PEOPLE 2440 01:14:40,409 --> 01:14:41,543 ASKED WAS THE INTERNATIONAL 2441 01:14:41,543 --> 01:14:43,745 SPACE STATION A GOOD INVESTMENT. 2442 01:14:43,745 --> 01:14:44,446 80%. 2443 01:14:44,446 --> 01:14:46,348 PEOPLE SAY YES. YOU DON'T FIND 2444 01:14:46,348 --> 01:14:47,883 THAT AGREEMENT EVER IN THE 2445 01:14:47,883 --> 01:14:48,650 POLITICAL ARENA. 2446 01:14:48,650 --> 01:14:49,485 72% OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE SAY 2447 01:14:49,485 --> 01:14:50,319 THAT THE UNITED STATES OF 2448 01:14:50,319 --> 01:14:51,420 AMERICA SHOULD BE THE WORLD'S 2449 01:14:51,420 --> 01:14:52,988 LEADER IN SPACE. 2450 01:14:52,988 --> 01:14:54,056 THESE ARE ONES OF THINGS THAT 2451 01:14:54,056 --> 01:14:54,823 ARE HAPPENING. 2452 01:14:54,823 --> 01:14:57,292 SO YOUR QUESTION, AND YOU HAVE 2453 01:14:57,292 --> 01:14:58,494 IDENTIFIED THAT, YOU IDENTIFIED 2454 01:14:58,494 --> 01:15:00,329 THAT AT THE BEGINNING OF YOUR 2455 01:15:00,329 --> 01:15:01,830 QUESTION, BUT I THINK WHAT IS 2456 01:15:01,830 --> 01:15:04,132 IMPORTANT IS HOW DO YOU 2457 01:15:04,132 --> 01:15:06,034 DIFFERENTIATE YOURSELF. 2458 01:15:06,034 --> 01:15:09,271 AND I'LL GO BACK TO WHAT I SAID 2459 01:15:09,271 --> 01:15:09,605 EARLIER. 2460 01:15:09,605 --> 01:15:11,039 AND THIS APPLIES TO WHENEVER YOU 2461 01:15:11,039 --> 01:15:12,741 ARE, WHETHER YOU ARE AT NASA OR 2462 01:15:12,741 --> 01:15:13,408 SOMEWHERE ELSE. 2463 01:15:13,408 --> 01:15:15,377 AND HERE IS THE CHALLENGE. 2464 01:15:15,377 --> 01:15:16,678 YOU ASKED ME THAT QUESTION IN 2465 01:15:16,678 --> 01:15:18,413 FRONT OF ALL OF YOUR PEERS, SO 2466 01:15:18,413 --> 01:15:21,617 NOW YOU ARE NOT GOING TO BE ABLE 2467 01:15:21,617 --> 01:15:23,252 TO DIFFERENTIATE YOURSELF 2468 01:15:23,252 --> 01:15:24,386 BECAUSE EVERYBODY HAS THE SAME 2469 01:15:24,386 --> 01:15:24,786 INFORMATION. 2470 01:15:24,786 --> 01:15:26,154 BUT I WILL TELL YOU THIS AND 2471 01:15:26,154 --> 01:15:28,590 THIS MATTERS FOR WHENEVER YOU GO 2472 01:15:28,590 --> 01:15:29,625 NEXT AND WHENEVER YOU ARE, IT 2473 01:15:29,625 --> 01:15:30,893 GOES BACK TO THE GUIDANCE I GOT 2474 01:15:30,893 --> 01:15:32,461 AS A YOUNG JUNIOR OFFICER IN THE 2475 01:15:32,461 --> 01:15:33,695 UNITED STATES MILITARY, THERE IS 2476 01:15:33,695 --> 01:15:35,364 ONE THING THAT MATTERS MORE THAN 2477 01:15:35,364 --> 01:15:38,133 ANYTHING ELSE, AND THAT IS JUST 2478 01:15:38,133 --> 01:15:40,936 SIMPLY SUSTAINED SUPERIOR 2479 01:15:40,936 --> 01:15:41,336 PERFORMANCE. 2480 01:15:41,336 --> 01:15:42,104 WHENEVER YOU ARE, AND WHATEVER 2481 01:15:42,104 --> 01:15:44,039 YOU ARE DOING, IF YOU FOCUS ON 2482 01:15:44,039 --> 01:15:46,241 DOING THE ABSOLUTE BEST YOU CAN 2483 01:15:46,241 --> 01:15:48,043 DO, WHERE YOU ARE, AND TAKING 2484 01:15:48,043 --> 01:15:49,578 YOUR JOB VERY SERIOUSLY, DOESN'T 2485 01:15:49,578 --> 01:15:51,880 MEAN DON'T HAVE FUN, BUT TAKE IT 2486 01:15:51,880 --> 01:15:52,915 SERIOUSLY, GET YOUR JOB DONE AND 2487 01:15:52,915 --> 01:15:56,385 PROVE THAT YOU CAN SUSTAIN 2488 01:15:56,385 --> 01:15:57,452 SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE AMONG THE 2489 01:15:57,452 --> 01:16:00,322 YOUR PEERS, WHENEVER YOU ARE, 2490 01:16:00,322 --> 01:16:02,157 YOU ARE GOING TO FIND A LOT OF 2491 01:16:02,157 --> 01:16:02,491 SUCCESS. 2492 01:16:02,491 --> 01:16:03,759 SO THAT WOULD BE MY ABSOLUTE 2493 01:16:03,759 --> 01:16:06,261 BEST GUIDANCE TO YOU. 2494 01:16:06,261 --> 01:16:07,796 >> SO THAT WAS OUR LAST QUESTION 2495 01:16:07,796 --> 01:16:09,998 BACK TO YOU TO ANY CLOSING 2496 01:16:09,998 --> 01:16:11,466 REMARKS BEFORE WE WRAP UP? 2497 01:16:11,466 --> 01:16:11,967 >> ABSOLUTELY. 2498 01:16:11,967 --> 01:16:12,334 THANK YOU. 2499 01:16:12,334 --> 01:16:16,271 WHAT AN AMAZING DAY. 2500 01:16:16,271 --> 01:16:18,640 AGAIN, SOME AMAZING, 1680, IS 2501 01:16:18,640 --> 01:16:20,275 THAT WHAT IT IS? 2502 01:16:20,275 --> 01:16:21,610 1680 INTERNS AT NASA OVER THE 2503 01:16:21,610 --> 01:16:22,644 COURSE OF THE SUMMER. 2504 01:16:22,644 --> 01:16:24,112 AND I REALLY HOPE THAT YOU ARE 2505 01:16:24,112 --> 01:16:26,448 USE THIS IS AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO 2506 01:16:26,448 --> 01:16:27,783 DELVE IN TO THE THINGS THAT YOU 2507 01:16:27,783 --> 01:16:29,017 CARE ABOUT. 2508 01:16:29,017 --> 01:16:30,319 AND YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO 2509 01:16:30,319 --> 01:16:33,121 DO SOE REALLY DIFFICULT THINGS 2510 01:16:33,121 --> 01:16:34,623 AND WE WANT ALL OF THAT TO 2511 01:16:34,623 --> 01:16:34,957 HAPPEN. 2512 01:16:34,957 --> 01:16:36,525 WE WANT YOU GUYS TO NOT JUST 2513 01:16:36,525 --> 01:16:38,427 HAVE SOMETHING TO PUT ON YOUR 2514 01:16:38,427 --> 01:16:39,194 RESUME. 2515 01:16:39,194 --> 01:16:39,795 BUT WE WANT EXPERIENCE. 2516 01:16:39,795 --> 01:16:41,763 WE WANT BULLET POINTS UNDER 2517 01:16:41,763 --> 01:16:42,064 THAT. 2518 01:16:42,064 --> 01:16:43,599 THAT SAY WHAT YOU DID. 2519 01:16:43,599 --> 01:16:46,068 AND HOW HARD IT WAS. 2520 01:16:46,068 --> 01:16:46,902 BECAUSE THAT'S REALLY WHAT YOU 2521 01:16:46,902 --> 01:16:47,936 ARE GETTING OUT OF THIS. 2522 01:16:47,936 --> 01:16:50,205 SO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE DOING 2523 01:16:50,205 --> 01:16:52,107 HARD STFF THAT YOU ARE GETTING 2524 01:16:52,107 --> 01:16:54,042 GREAT EXPERIENCE. 2525 01:16:54,042 --> 01:16:55,510 AND MORE THAN EVEN THAT, MAKE 2526 01:16:55,510 --> 01:16:56,912 SURE YOU ARE BUILDING 2527 01:16:56,912 --> 01:16:57,813 RELATIONSHIPS AND FRIENDSHIPS 2528 01:16:57,813 --> 01:16:59,114 THAT WILL LAST A LIFETIME. 2529 01:16:59,114 --> 01:17:00,282 AND STAY IN TOUCH WITH EACH 2530 01:17:00,282 --> 01:17:02,084 OTHER WHEN YOU LEAVE HERE. 2531 01:17:02,084 --> 01:17:03,852 AND I CAN'T EMPHASIZE HOW 2532 01:17:03,852 --> 01:17:04,920 IMPORTANT THAT IS AS WELL. 2533 01:17:04,920 --> 01:17:06,655 GET TO KNOW A HANDFUL OF FOLKS 2534 01:17:06,655 --> 01:17:07,789 AS WELL AS YOU CAN GET TO KNOW 2535 01:17:07,789 --> 01:17:09,157 FOLKS DURING THE COURSE OF THE 2536 01:17:09,157 --> 01:17:12,127 SUMMER, AND THEN STAY IN TOUCH. 2537 01:17:12,127 --> 01:17:13,328 RECONVENE, AND HAVE GREAT 2538 01:17:13,328 --> 01:17:14,029 RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE REST OF 2539 01:17:14,029 --> 01:17:15,197 YOUR LIVES. 2540 01:17:15,197 --> 01:17:16,932 SO WITH THAT, I JUST WANT TO SAY 2541 01:17:16,932 --> 01:17:18,900 WHAT AN HONOR IT IS TO BE HERE, 2542 01:17:18,900 --> 01:17:20,402 CONGRATULATIONS ON HAVING THE 2543 01:17:20,402 --> 01:17:21,837 BEST INTERNSHIP IN THE COUNTRY 2544 01:17:21,837 --> 01:17:22,738 AND USE IT. 2545 01:17:22,738 --> 01:17:24,673 USE IT AS YOU GO FORWARD. 2546 01:17:24,673 --> 01:17:27,976 THANK YOU ALL SO MUCH. 2547 01:17:27,976 --> 01:17:35,133 [ APPLAUSE ] 2548 01:17:40,689 --> 01:18:00,909 [video with no audio content] 2549 01:18:00,909 --> 01:18:21,963 [video with no audio content] 2550 01:18:21,963 --> 01:18:43,018 [video with no audio content] 2551 01:18:43,018 --> 01:19:04,039 [video with no audio content] 2552 01:19:04,039 --> 01:19:25,093 [video with no audio content] 2553 01:19:25,093 --> 01:19:46,114 [video with no audio content] 2554 01:19:46,114 --> 01:20:07,169 [video with no audio content] 2555 01:20:07,169 --> 01:20:28,190 [video with no audio content] 2556 01:20:28,190 --> 01:20:49,244 [video with no audio content] 2557 01:20:49,244 --> 01:21:10,298 [video with no audio content] 2558 01:21:10,298 --> 01:21:31,353 [video with no audio content] 2559 01:21:31,353 --> 01:21:52,407 [video with no audio content] 2560 01:21:52,407 --> 01:22:13,461 [video with no audio content] 2561 01:22:13,461 --> 01:22:34,516 [video with no audio content] 2562 01:22:34,516 --> 01:22:51,800 [video with no audio content] 2563 01:22:52,500 --> 01:23:12,721 [video with no audio content] 2564 01:23:12,721 --> 01:23:33,775 [video with no audio content] 2565 01:23:33,775 --> 01:23:54,829 [video with no audio content] 2566 01:23:54,829 --> 01:24:15,850 [video with no audio content] 2567 01:24:15,850 --> 01:24:36,905 [video with no audio content] 2568 01:24:36,905 --> 01:24:57,926 [video with no audio content] 2569 01:24:57,926 --> 01:25:18,980 [video with no audio content] 2570 01:25:18,980 --> 01:25:40,001 [video with no audio content] 2571 01:25:40,001 --> 01:26:01,055 [video with no audio content] 2572 01:26:01,055 --> 01:26:22,110 [video with no audio content] 2573 01:26:22,110 --> 01:26:43,164 [video with no audio content] 2574 01:26:43,164 --> 01:27:04,219 [video with no audio content] 2575 01:27:04,219 --> 01:27:25,273 [video with no audio content] 2576 01:27:25,273 --> 01:27:46,327 [video with no audio content] 2577 01:27:46,327 --> 01:27:57,038 [video with no audio content] 2578 01:27:57,739 --> 01:28:17,959 [video with no audio content] 2579 01:28:17,959 --> 01:28:39,013 [video with no audio content] 2580 01:28:39,013 --> 01:29:00,068 [video with no audio content]