♪
>>> HI, MY MAIM IS KYLIE.
>> AND I AM TODD.
>> WE ARE ALL INTERNS AND WE
WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME TO YOU THE
NASA ARMSTRONG FLIGHT RECRUIT
CENTER.
[ CHEERING AND APPLAUSE ]
>> WE ARE AT NAS AS A FIRST
FIELD CENTER GOING STRONG FOR
100 YEARS AND COUNTING.
>> WE ARE NASA LANG ARE YOU
RESEARCH BETTER.
>> WE ARE HERE AT NASA'S JET
PROPULSION CENTER IN PASADENA,
CALIFORNIA WHEREIN TURNS HELP
EXPLORE THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND
BEYOND.
>> WELCOME TO JOHNSON SPACE
CENTER.
>> MISSISSIPPI, HOME OF
AMERICA'S PREMIER ROCKET
COMPLEX.
>> WHERE NEXT GENERATION ROCKET
ENGINES ARE BEING TEST THAT'S
WILL CARRY HUMANS ON BOARD THE
NEW SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.
>> WELCOME TO SPACE CENTER.
>> HI, WE ARE AT THE SPACE
FLIGHT SENT IN ALABAMA.
>> WHERE WE BUILT THE SAT TURN
FIVE THAT BROUGHT ASTRONAUTS TO
THE MOON.
>> WHERE WE ARE NOW WORKING THE
SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM TO BRING
ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON, MARS,
AND BEYOND.
>> GREETINGS FROM FACE A AMES
RESEARCH CENTER IN SILICON
VALUE.
>> I WELCOME TO THE SPACE
CENTER.
>> HELLO FROM THE NATION
CAPITAL.
WE ARE INTERNS AT NASA HEAD
QUARTERS IN WASHINGTON, D.C.
>> NASA GLEN CENTER.
[ CHEERING AND APPLAUSE ]
>> WE DESIGN, BUILD, AND OPERATE
NATIONS THAT STUDY THE EARTH,
THE SUN, PLANET, AND THE
UNIVERSE.
>> FROM HERE AT GOOD ART PLACE
FLIGHT CENTER IN MARYLAND.
>> THE INDEPENDENCE VERIFICATION
AND VALIDATION FACILITY IN
INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL.
>> THE GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR
SPACE TUESDAY IS IN NEW YORK
CITY.
>> THE WHITE SANDS COMPLEX OUT
SIZE LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.
>> IN TEXAS.
>> WE ARE NASA GOOD SARD!
GODDARD.
>> GOOD AFTERNOON AND WELCOME TO
NASA'S INTERNAL DAY EVENT.
I AM CHRIS SCALISE THE DIRECTOR
OF GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER.
UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES MY
PLEASURE TO HAVE YOU ALL HERE
TODAY AND TUNING IN REMOTELY I
WOULD ALSO LIKE ACKNOWLEDGE OUR
SPECIAL GUEST ADMINISTRATOR
BRIDENSTINE.
MIKE KINKAID THE SOCIAL
ADMINISTRATOR FOR STEM
ENGAGEMENT.
CAROLYN NOLES, THE DIRECTOR OF
NASA INTERNSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS
AND ALL OF THE OFFICE OF STEM
ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION STAFF
ACROSS THE COUNTRY WHO HELP MACE
THIS EVENT POSSIBLE.
HERE AT GODDARD, WE ENJOY THE
PRESENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF
OVER 400 INTERNS ANNUALLY.
ASSISTING US WITH CRITICAL NEEDS
ACROSS OUR FACILITIES AND
PROJECTS.
I AM EXCITED THAT TODAY'S
PROGRAM CONNECTS INTERNS ACROSS
THE AGENCY SO THAT YOU, THE NEXT
GENERATION OF NASA EMPLOYEES AND
COLLABORATORS AND HE CAN PLOYERS
GET THE FANTASTIC OPPORTUNITY TO
HEAR FROM OUR ADMINISTRATOR.
WITH THAT, I WOULD LIKE TO
INTRODUCE ADMINISTRATOR JIM
BRIDENSTINE.
IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE TO WORK
WITH JIM OVER THE LAST SEVERAL
MONTHS AS HE'S BEEN SWORN IN IN
APRIL.
HE BRINGS A WEALTH OF EXPERIENCE
FROM ALL OF HIS ACTIVITIES AS A
MEMBER OF CONGRESS FOR THE FIRST
DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA.
AS A NAVY PILOT, AND AS A NAVY
RESERVIST, AND AS DIRECTOR OF
THE TULSA AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM.
PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING
ADMINISTRATOR BRIDENSTINE.
[ APPLAUSE ]
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, CHRIS.
THANK YOU FOR OPENING UP GODDARD
TO HAVE SUCH A FANTASTIC EVENT.
TODAY IS NATIONAL INTERN DAY.
AND NASA IS NOT SHORT ON
INTERNS, AS YOU CAN CLEARLY SEE.
I AM THRILLED TO BE THE
ADMINISTRATOR AT A TIME WHEN
THERE ARE SO MANY YOUNG PEOPLE
GETTING SO EXCITED ABOUT WHAT
NASA IS AND WHAT NASA DOES AND
WHAT NASA WILL DO.
I WANT TO GET IN TO QUESTIONS,
PRETTY QUICKLY HERE, BUT I WILL
JUST SHARE WITH YOU SOME THINGS
THAT I THINK ARE IMPORTANT ABOUT
INTERNSHIPS.
I HAD AN INTERNSHIP WHEN I WAS
IN COLLEGE.
I WENT TO RICE UNIVERSITY.
AT THE TIME I WAS STUDYING
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS AND I HAD
AN INTERNSHIP AT A NEWSPAPER IN
FORT WORTH CALLED THE FORTH
WORTH STAR TELEGRAM.
ANYBODY HERE FROM FORT WORTH BY
CHANCE?
ANYBODY IN THE AUDIENCE?
WE GOT ONE HERE.
>> FAMILY.
>> OKAY.
FANTASTIC.
AND I WAS THERE STUDYING
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS AND I HAD
THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE AN
ACCOUNTANT IN TURN.
SO I DID ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE,
PAYABLE, AND THOSE KIND OF
THINGS I GOT INVOLVED IN SOME
AUDITING ACTIVITIES.
AND I HAD JUST A WONDERFUL
EXPERIENCE DOING THAT.
AND WHAT I LEARNED
OVERWHELMINGLY FROM THE THREE
MONTHS OF DOING THAT ACTIVITY,
IS THAT I KNEW THEN THAT I DID
NOT WANT TO DO ACCOUNTING FOR
THE REST OF MY LIFE.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> SO IT'S SOMETIMES IMPORTANT
WHEN YOU LEARN IN AN INTERNSHIP.
IT'S EVERYBODY MORE IMPORTANT.
SOMETIMES YOU LEARN WHAT YOU
DON'T WANT DO IN AN INTERNSHIP.
AND SO THAT'S IMPORTANT AS WELL.
EVERYBODY MORE IMPORTANT THAN
ANY OF THAT ACTIVITY, WHILE I
WAS INTERNING IN THE ACCOUNTING
DIVISION, MY WIFE WAS -- MY
FRIEND, WHO WAS A NEW PERSON IN
MY LIFE AT THAT TIME.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> WAS AN INTERN IN THE JOURNAL
I DEPARTMENT OF THE FORT WORTH
STAR TELEGRAM.
SO SHE WAS WRITING STORIES AND
DOING WON'T WORK WHILE I WAS
COUNTING THE BEANS.
BUT HERE IS THE THING, WE WERE
BOTH INTERNS IN THE SAME
ORGANIZATION AT THE SAME TIME
DURING THIS PARTICULAR SUMMER,
AND AFTER THAT WE STAYED IN
TOUCH.
WE BECAME EVEN FRIENDLIER
EVENTUALLY SHE WAS MY GIRLFRIEND
AND NOW MY WIFE AND NOW WE HAVE
CHILDREN.
AND SO I OWE THAT TO AN
INTERNSHIP THAT I DIDN'T MUCH
LIKE, QUITE FRANKLY, BUT THE
BEST THING IN MY LIFE THANKED IS
I GOT A WIFE AND SOME WONDERFUL
CHILDREN AND IT WAS BECAUSE OF
THAT INTERNSHIP.
SO THE BIGGEST THING TO TAKE
AWAY, AND BY THE WAY, SOME
WONDERFUL FRIEND THAT ARE STILL
OUR FRIENDS TODAY, WERE -- WE
GOT IN THAT INTERNSHIP.
SO I WANT TO ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY
HERE TO DO, AND I KNOW YOU ARE I
GUESS HALFWAY THROUGH IF NOT
MORE SO AT THIS POINT IN THE
SUMMER, BUT REMEMBER THIS, THE
PEOPLE THAT YOU ARE GOING TO GET
TO KNOW DURING THE COURSE OF
YOUR INTERNSHIP ARE PEOPLE THT
YOU ARE PROBABLY, IF YOU WANT TO
BE INVOLVED I THIS BUSINESS,
THIS IS NOT A -- THIS IS NOT A
MASSIVE KIND OF INDUSTRY.
THIS IS KIND OF A NICHE
INDUSTRY.
NOW WE WANT TO CHANGE THAT.
WE WANT IT TO BE MASSIVE.
BUT YOU'LL COME ACROSS THE SAME
PEOPLE OVER AND OVER AGAIN.
THE RELATIONSHIPS THAT YOU HAVE
HERE, YOU WANT THOSE
RELATIONSHIPS TO LAST A VERY
LONG TIME.
AND THAT'S AN IMPORTANT THING
FOR YOUR INTERNSHIP AS WELL.
NOT EVERYBODY WILL FIND THEIR
HUSBAND OR WIFE, I AM NOT
SUGGESTING THAT.
BUT EVERYBODY IS GOING TO
WALKWAY FROM HERE WITH FRIENDS.
AND YOU WANT THOSE FRIENDS TO
LAST.
AND WHENEVER YOU END UP NEXT,
MAKE SURE THAT YOU STAY IN
TOUCH.
BECAUSE A BIG PART OF
INTERNSHIPS IS DEVELOPING THE
RELATIONSHIPS THAT CAN LAST A
LIFETIME.
SO WITH THAT, MIKE, I APPRECIATE
YOU AND --
>> THANK YOU.
>> EVERYBODY HERE KNOWS MIKE
KINKAID.
NO INTRODUCTION REQUIRED.
>> THANK YOU, JIM.
I REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR
COMMENTS.
AND I THINK IT'S GREAT TO BE
ABLE TO HEAR HIS PERCENTAGE
STORY THAT'S REALLY WHAT I THINK
DRAWS US TOGETHER.
AND I WANT TO SAY THANK YOU,
TOO, TO CHRIS FOR HOSTING US
TODAY AND TO ALL OF THE INTERN
MANAGERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
I KNOW THERE ARE 13 OR 14
DIFFERENT WATCH PARTIES GOING ON
AS WE SPEAK.
AND SO WE CAN'T REMEMBER THE
LAST TIME IT'S BEEN AT LEAST
FIVE OR SIX YEARS SINCE WE HAD
ALL THE IN INTERNS TOGETHER IN O
PLACE AND THANK YOU FOR TELLING
YOUR FRIENDS AND FAMILY WHENEVER
THEY ARE WATCHING US NASA TV.
I WANT TO ECHO SOME THINGS THAT
JIM SAID AND TELL YOU MY
PERSONAL STORY.
31 YEARS AGO NEXT MONTH I DROVE
TO THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER AS A
BRAND-NEW INSURANCE, FROM TEXAS
A & M IT WAS A GREAT EXPERIENCE.
AND THEN 29 YEARS AGO LAST MONTH
I DROVE ONTO HERE AT GODDARD AS
AN IN TURN, I HAD A CHANCE TO
INTERN AT BOTH CENTERS.
IT'S SURREAL TO THINK THAT I AM
STANDING NEXT TO OUR NEW NASA
ADMINISTRATOR TALKING ABOUT STEM
EDUCATION IF YOU HAD TOLD ME 29
YEARS AGO OR THIRD ONE YEARS AGO
THAT I WOULD BE STANDING HERE, I
WOULDN'T HAVE BELIEVED IT.
I STARTED WONDERING IN 2048, 30
YEARS FROM NOW, YOU GUYS, WHERE
WILL YOU BE?
I WONDER IF THAT NASA
ADMINISTRATOR WILL BE DOING THIS
PRESENTATION FROM THE MOON?
WOULDN'T THAT BE COOL?
WE START THINKING ABOUT WHERE
COULD THIS BE?
THE OPPORTUNITY THAT YOU HAVE
HERE, AND THE OPPORTUNITY THAT
YOU DIDN'T KNOW YOU WERE GOING
TO MEET YOUR WIFE.
I DIDN'T KNOW THAT I WOULD HAVE
A 30-YEAR CAREER I CERTAINLY
DIDN'T KNOW I WOULD BE WORKING
AT NASA HEAD QUARTERS.
>> ESPECIALLY FROM A RICE GUY
COMING FROM A & M.
>> EXACT LIMB IT'S OKAY TO CALL
THE RICE GUY YOUR BOSS.
I AM USED TO T IT'S ALL RIGHT.
BUT WE ARE GLAD THAT YOU GUYS
ARE HERE.
WITH THAT I LITTLE WE ARE READY
TO GO IN TO THE FIRST QUESTION.
I THINK OUR FIRST QUESTION IS --
>> SO YOU KNOW IN 1995, RICE AND
TEXAS A & M BOTH BEAT TEXAS IN
1995.
>> THAT'S AN IMPORTANT YEAR.
>> IT WAS.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> IT'S -- WE'LL STOP THERE.
WE'LL GO TO THE QUESTIONS.
I THINK FIRST UP, D A L I WNT
TO SAY ONE MORE THING.
OUR MISSION IS TO INSPIRE,
ENGAGE, EDUCATE AN EMPLOY
STUDENTS, RIGHT?
THAT'S SOMETHING THAT NASA DOES
AND SO YOU GUYS ARE AMBASSADORS
IN THAT PROCESS, I HOPE THAT YOU
ARE NOT JUST HERE AS WATCHERS, I
HOPE YOU ARE HERE TO BE PART OF
THE PROCESS AND KNOW THAT YOU
TAKE ON OF THIS MISSION WHEN JIM
TALKS ABOUT WE WANT TO CHANGE
AND BE A BIGGER PART OF SOCIETY.
IT REQUIRES YOU GUYS USING THE
VEHICLES THAT YOU HAVE AVAILABLE
TO YOU.
THE SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLS ARE
AMAZING.
THAT WE DIDN'T HAVE 30 YEARS
AGO.
AND SO I HOPE THAT YOU WILL
SHARE THAT YOU HEAR TODAY WITH
YOUR FRIENDS AND FAMILY AND
PEOPLE OUTSIDE OF OUR NETWORKS
THAT'S HOW WE'LL ULTIMATELY MAKE
A DIFFERENCE, WITH THAT I WILL
TURN IT OVER TO ERIC WHO IS HERE
AT GODDARD TO ASK THE FIRST
QUESTION.
RIGHT THERE.
>> THAT'S ME.
ONCE AGAIN MY NAME IS EVAN, AND
I AM AN INTERN HERE AT GODDARD
SPACE FLIGHT CENTER.
THIS FALL I WILL BE RETURNING TO
SCHOOL AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE
UNIVERSITY.
MY QUESTION, IS AS FOLLOWS, WITH
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL SPACE
FLIGHT, HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NASA AND
THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO REMEMBERS
OF THE PUBLIC?
>> THAT'S A WONDERFUL QUESTION.
I WILL BE HONEST IT'S KIND A
CHALLENGE BUT SHOULDN'T BE.
A LOT OF TIMES IN TODAY'S ERA
PEOPLE TALK ABOUT ARE YOU A NEW
SPACE GUY OR A TRADITIONAL SPACE
GUY.
GOING THROUGH THE CONFIRMATION
PROCESS TO BECOME NASA
ADMINISTRATOR I HEARD IT FROM
THE SENATE ARE YOU FOR
TRADITIONAL SPACE, NEW SPACE,
GOVERNMENT PURCHASED OWNED AND
OPERATED SPACE, WHAT'S YOUR
WORLD VIEW ON THIS WHOLE
DYNAMIC?
THE REALITY IS, WHEN IT COMES TO
NASA, WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, WE WANT TO
EXPLORE, WE WANT TO DISCOVER,
THAT'S WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE
DO.
NOW, THE QUESTION THAT WE HAVE
TO ANSWER IS HOW DO WE
ACCOMPLISH THOSE OBJECTIVES.
THAT'S RESULT ULTIMATELY WHAT WE
ARE TRYING DO IS ACCOMPLISH AN
OBJECTIVE.
IN SOME CASES WE CAN BUY A
SERVICE RIGHT NOW COMMERCIAL
CARGO TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, NASA DOESN'T PURCHASE,
OWN, OPERATE ITS OWN ROCKETS IN
ORDER TO TO GET TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE SITUATION
CARGO, WHAT WE DO IS BUY A
SERVICE.
AND THAT'S BEEN PROVEN TO BE
EXCEPTIONALLY EFFICIENT AND A
VERY EFFICIENT WAY OF -- A
LOW-COST WAY OF GETTING BACK BAC
FORTH TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION WITH CARGO.
NOW, WE ARE ATTEMPTING ON GET
THERE AND WE ARE GOING TO GET
THERE, WITH CREW AS WELL.
WHERE WE WILL BUY A SERVICE, WE
ARE NOT GOING TO OWN AND OPERATE
OUR OWN ROCKETS TO GET CREWS TO
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
INSTEAD WE'LL CONTRACT TO BUY A
SERVICE.
NOW, NASA WAS VERY INVOLVED IN
DEVELOPING THOSE CAPABILITIES
THAT COMMERCIAL ENTITIES ARE
ULTIMATELY GOING TO UTILIZE.
BUT THE IDEA IS THIS, WE WANT
NASA TO BE ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY
CUSTOMERS TO -- AND WE WANT --
WHEN WE ARE ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY
CUSTOMERS, OF COURSE THAT
DECREASES THE COSTS KIND OF
NATURALLY.
BUT EVEN MORE SO, WE WANT -- WE
WANT MULTIPLE PROVIDERS.
SO THEY ARE COMPETING WITH EACH
OTHER ON COST TO DRIVE THE COSTS
DOWN EVEN FURTHER BUT THEY ARE
ALSO COMPETING WITH EACH OTHER
ON INNOVATION.
SO IF WE CAN GET TO A PLACE IN
LOW EARTH ORBIT THAT IS ALMOST
ENTIRELY COMMERCIALIZED THAT
MEANS NASA CAN USE ITS
GOVERNMENT MONEY, THE MON THAT I
WE GET FROM THE TAX PAYERS TO DO
THINGS THAT ARE LESS ROUTINE.
THINGS THAT ARE EVERYBODY MORE
DIFFICULT THAN SPACE IN LOW
EARTH ORBIT.
AND I WANT TO BE REALLY CLEAR.
SPACE IS NEVER ROUTINE.
BUT IT CAN BE MORE ROUTINE OR
LESS ROUTINE.
AND THE IDEA IS WE WANT TO USE
GOVERNMENT RESOURCES, TAX-PAYER
RESOURCES TO DO THINGS THAT
CAN'T BE DONE COMMERCIALLY.
IF WE CAN BUY ACCESS TO SPACE
FOR LOWER EARTH ORBITING A A
MUCH LESSER RACE AND GET BETTER
CAPABILITIES AT THE SAME TIME WE
CAN TAKE THOSE RESOURCES THAT WE
SAVE AND DO DEEP SPACE
EXPLORATION, WE CAN GO BACK TO
THE MOON, GO TO MARS, WE CAN GO
I DON'T UNDERSTAND.
THE IDEA IS COMMERCIAL
ENTERPRISE,, IS -- IT'S A UNIQUE
WAY OF DESCRIBING IT.
IT'S REALLY -- A LOT OF WHAT WE
DO IS COMMERCIAL IN GENERAL.
EVEN WHEN WE PURCHASE, OWN AND,
OPERATE OUR OWN ROCKETS OR OUR
OWN SPACECRAFT, WE ARE STILL
UTILIZING COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY TO
HELP US ACCOMPLISH THAT
OBJECTIVE.
WHAT WE ARE REALLY TALKING ABOUT
ARE DIFFERENT WAYS OF
CONTRACTING.
DOES THE GOVERNMENT WANT TO
PURCHASE, OWN, AND OPERATE THE
SYSTEM OR DOES THE GOVERNMENT
WANT TO BUY A SERVICE AND
ULTIMATELY LET THE PROVIDER
DETERMINE HOW IT'S GOING TO BE
ACCOMPLISHED.
AND DIFFERENT WAYS OF DOING
DIFFERENT THINGS AND ULTIMATELY
YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT ALL THE
DIFFERENT THINGS THAT NASA WANTS
DO AND FIGURE OUT WHAT'S THE
BEST WAY TO BUY IT.
SO I WILL SAY THIS, SOME PEOPLE
THINK THAT NASA IS COMPETING
AGAINST COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY.
WE ARE NOT.
WE WANT COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY TO
BE SUCCESSFUL.
BECAUSE THEN WE CAN DO MORE THAN
WE HAVE EVER DONE BEFORE.
SO WHETHER IT'S LAUNCH OR
SATELLITES OR DATA, IF THERE ARE
THINGS THAT WE CAN BUY
COMMERCIALLY AND WE CAN BE ONE
CUSTOMER OF MANY AND THERE ARE
COMPETITIVE PROVIDERS THAT CAN
COMPETE ON PRICE AND INNOVATION,
THAT'S ALL GOODNESS FOR US.
AND RIGHT NOW, ONE OF THE
EXCITING THINGS HAPPENING RIGHT
NOW, IS THAT THERE IS MORE
COMMERCIAL CAPABILITY THAN EVER
BEFORE.
WHICH GIVES US MORE TINT TO DO
MORE THINGS THAN HAVE YOU EVER
DONE BEFORE.
THIS IS REALLY AN A IS MAAING
TIME TO BE IN THIS INDUSTRY.
THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION.
>> THANKS VERY MUCH, JIM.
OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM
DOMINIQUE BREELAND FROM KSC.
WE'LL SEE IT ON VIDEO.
>> HI, MY NAME IS DOMINICK BRIE
LAND HEAR AT KENNEDY SPACE
CENTER AND I WOK TO THE SENATE
DIRECTOR.
MY QUESTION TO YOU IS HOW WILL
CUBESATS ADVANCE NASA'S
CAPABILITIES AND WHAT ROLE WILL
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS PLAY IN
THE DEVELOPMENT?
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> WONDERFUL QUESTION.
AGAIN, WE ARE IN AN ERA WHERE
THINGS ARE NEW IN SPACE.
VERY IN.
THE IDEA THAT WE HAVE
MINIATURIZATION OF ELECTRONICS
AND REUSABLE ROCKETS AND
ULTIMATELY THE ACCESS TO SPACE
IS MORE THAN WE HAVE EVER HAD
BEFORE IN HUMAN HISTORY AND THE
COST IS LESS THAN ITS EVER BEEN.
THESE ARE ALL WONDER THINGS AND
CUBESATS REPRESENT AGAIN THE
MINIATURIZATION OF ELECTRONICS
AND RIGHT NOW AS A MATTER OF
FACT, WE HAVE TWO CUBESATS FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY,
CUBESATS ARE ON AN INTER
PLANETARY MISSION, THEY ARE ON
THEIR WAY T MARS RIGHT NOW.
THE MARCO CUBESATS THAT WERE
LAUNCHED WITH INSIGHT WHICH IS A
LANDER THAT WILL BE ON MARS
AROUND THANKSGIVING TIME FRAME
AND WE HAVE TWO CUBESATS ON THE
WAY THERE THAT WILL BE RELAYING
BACK TO EARTH WHAT IS HAPPENING
DURING THE ENTRY, DECENT AND
LANDING OF THE LANDS ORE MARS.
FOR THE FIRST TIME WE ARE DOING
IT THE QUESTION WAS HOW DO YOU
CUBESATS IN THE FUTURE.
WE HAVEN'T EVERYBODY REALLY
BEGUN TO IMAGINE HOW CUBESATS
WILL BENEFIT IT.
A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THIS ROOM
PROBABLY HAVE WONDERFUL IDEAS ON
HOW TO USE CUBESATS AND WE WANT
TO KNOW THOSE, BUT EVEN MORE SO,
THE IDEA THAT WE CAN SEND
CUBESATS ON LONG MISSIONS AND
SOUP CATS ARE VALUABLE FOR A
NUMBER OF REASONS, NUMBER ONE,
THEY ARE NOT EXPENSIVE.
NUMBER TWO, YOU CAN BUILD THEM
VERY QUICKLY.
YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE QUESTIONS
IS UNIVERSITIES, HOW DO YOU GET
UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED.
WELL, IF YOU ARE A STUDENT AT A
UNIVERSITY AND YOU ARE BUILDING
A COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE FOR
EXAMPLE, THAT COMMUNICATION
SATELLITE COULD BE THREE YEARS
IN THE MAKING.
THE IF YOU ARE BUILDING A
CUBESAT IN ONE SEMESTER YOU
COULD BUILD THE DEVICE AND
LAUNCH THE DEVICE AND HAVE IT ON
ORBIT PRODUCING SOMETHING THAT'S
VALUABLE FOR HUMANITY.
CUBESATS REPRESENT COUNTRIES
THAT WE ARE REALLY ONLY
BEGINNING TO SCRAPE THE SURFACE
OF AND I WOULD LOVE TO SEE A
WHOLE HOST OF MORE MISSION WITH
HIS CUBESATS AND THAT, OF
COURSE, ENABLING US TO ENGAGE
UNIVERSITIES AND YOUNG FOLKS IN
WAYS THAT HISTORICALLY WE
HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO.
SO I THINK THERE IS A OT OF
OPPORTUNITY THERE.
THAT'S A WONDERFUL QUESTION.
>> THANKS FOR SHARING YOUR
PASSION.
OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES FROM THE
OTHER COAST.
WE ARE GOING FROM FLORIDA TO
AMES AND HEAR FROM JOHNNY.
>> HI, MY NAME IS JOHNNY ZHANG
AND I AM AN INTERN AT THE
MISSION HERE AT NASA AIMS I JUST
GRADUATED FROM UC SANTA BAR A
BACK.
PRESIDENT TRUMP RECENTLY SIGNED
SPACE POLICY NUMBER ONE WITH
INTENTION OF RETURNING
ASTRONAUTS TO THE NOON, WHAT ARE
YOUR PLANS SO FAR AS ACHIEVING
THIS ENDEAVOR?
WHAT IS YOUR GOAL TO
ACCOMPLISHING THIS GOAL AND HOW
CAN WE AS INTERNS HELP TO SEE IT
THROUGH?
>> THAT'S A WONDERFUL QUESTION.
I KEEP SAYING THT FOR EVERYONE.
THESE ARE GREAT QUESTIONS.
THIS MIGHT TAKE A WHILE TO
ANSWER, I HOPE THAT'S OKAY.
THIS WAS THE FIRST SPACE POLICY
DIRECTIVE SIGNED BY THE
PRESIDENT.
HIS FIRST SPACE POLICY DIRECTIVE
AND THAT IS THAT WE ARE GOING TO
THE MOON.
NOW, INTERESTINGLY, HE DIDN'T
JUST SAY WE ARE GOING TO THE
MOON, HE SAID WE ARE GOING TO
THE MOON SUSTAINABLY.
THAT'S A VERY DIFFERENT VISION
THAN THE APOLLO ERA.
IN APOLLO THE MISSION WAS TO GET
TO THE MOON AS FAST AS WE CAN
AND ULTIMATELY HAVE IT BE A
PIECE OF DEMONSTRATING AMERICA'S
ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AND
POLITICAL PROWESS DURING THE
TIME OF THE COLD WAR.
THE MISSION WAS NOT TO GO AND TO
STAY, THE MISSION WAS TO GO AND
TO DEMONSTRATE THAT WE COULD.
AND BECAUSE OF THAT, FROM 1969
TO 1972, WE LANDED ON THE MOON
SIX TIMES, WE HAD 12 HUMANS ON
THE SURFACING DURING THAT TIME.
AND THEN IT WAS OVER.
AND AFTER THAT, WE HAD APOLLO
SOYUZ AND NOW THAT I AM NASA
ADMINISTRATOR AND I UNDERSTAND
HOW THE RUSSIANS THINK, THEY
CALL IT THE SOW USE SOYUZ APOLLO
MISSION.
THE IDEA WAS WHEN IT WAS OVER IT
WAS OVER.
THE PRESIDENT IS SAYING WE WANT
TO GO BACK TO THE MOON D I WANT
TO REPHRASE THAT.
WE WANT TO GO FORWARD TO THE
MOON BUT WE WANT TO DO IT TO
STAY.
WE WANT IT TO BE SUSTAINABLE.
THE QUESTION IS HOW DO YOU
ACCOMPLISH THAT OBJECTIVE?
WE ARE GOING TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF ALL OF OUR COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS, WHICH GOES TO YOUR
QUESTION EARLIER.
WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED WITH
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS THAT THEY
CAN INNOVATE TO REUSE ROCKETS.
WHICH DROPS THE COSTS OF ACCESS
TO SPACE.
WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS WE WANT
EVERYTHING TO BE REUSABLE.
WE WANT LAUNCH TO BE REUSABLE.
DROPPING THE COST OF ACCESS TO
SPACE.
WE WANT TUGS THAT GO BACK AND
FORTH FROM EARTH ORBIT TO LUNAR
ORBIT.
WE WANT THOSE TUGS TO BE
REUSABLE.
IN OTHER WORDS, THEY ARE GOING
TO NEED TO BE FUELED.
AND SERVICED IN SPACE.
WE WANT WHAT WE CALL THE GATEWAY
GATEWAY.
TO BE IN ORBIT AROUND THE MOON
FOR A VERY LONG TIME.
WE ARE GOING TO PUT IT IN WHAT'S
CALLED A NEAR LINEAR HALO ORBIT
AROUND THE MOON WHICH KIND OF
BALANCES IN HONOR BIT YOU HAVE
THE EARTH'S GRAVITY WELL AND THE
MOON'S GRAVITY WELL THAT KIND OF
PUTS IT IN A POSITION WHERE IT'S
ORBITING THE MOON BUT ULTIMATELY
DOESN'T REQUIRE MUCH PROPULSION
TO STAY IN ITS ORBIT.
IT CAN STAY FOR A RAILROAD VERY
LONG TIME.
THE GATEWAY WOULD BE A HUH HABIT
SPACE STATION.
WE DON'T WANT TO CALL IT A SPACE
STATION BECAUSE PEOPLE THINK OF
AN INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
THE GATE POST IS MORE OF AN
OUTPOST AROUND THE MOON THAT CAN
BE OCCUPIED BY HUMANS FOR SHORTS
PERIODS OF TIME BUT NOT
PERMANENTLY OCCUPIED BY HUMANS,
JUST BECAUSE IT WOULDN'T BE
NECESSARY.
BUT WE NEED THE GATEWAY TO GO
THERE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME
AND WE NEED LANDERS THAT GO BACK
AND FORTH BETWEEN THE GATEWAY
AND THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.
WE NEED THOSE TO BE REUSABLE.
WE NEED THE ENTIRE OKAY TEXTURE
AROUND THE MOON AND TO THE MOON
TO BE REUSABLE, DROPPING THE
COST AND INCREASING THE ACCESS.
WHEN I TALK ABOUT THIS, THAT
MEANS THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA, WE CAN'T DO ALL OF THAT
BY OUR SELFS.
SO WHAT DO WE NEED?
WE NEED INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS.
RIGHT NOW, THERE ARE MORE
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS THAN AT
ANY POINT IN WORLD HISTORY.
AND THEY ALL ARE INTERESTED IN
OUR VISION FOR THE MOON.
AND I KNOW TAT AND I JUST LAST
WEEK I WAS IN EUROPE AND I HAD
THE OPPORTUNITY TO TALK TO MANY
DIFFERENT SPACE AGENCY HEADS
FROM AROUND THE WORLD.
AND THEY ARE ALL VERY EXCITED
ABOUT GOING TO THE MOON.
SO WE NEED ALL OF THEM TO BE
INVOLVED IN THIS ARC TEXTURE.
SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THIS
ARCHITECTURE, YOU KNOW, I
MENTIONED THE GATEWAY, THIS
OUTPOST AROUND THE MOON, IT'S
GOING TO BE AN OPEN
ARCHITECTURE.
SO THE WAY THAT WE DOCK TO IT
AND THE WAY THAT WE UTILIZE ITS
POWER.
ALL OF THESE THINGS ARE GOING TO
BE PUBLISHED ONLINE.
SO PEOPLE OUT THERE WHO HAVE
GOOD IDEAS THAT WANT TO, YOU
KNOW, SUBMIT IDEAS ON HOW TO
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE GATEWAY,
WE WANT THEM ALL TO PARTICIPATE.
SO THERE ARE SMALL COUNTRYS THAT
CAN PARTICIPATE.
THAT DON'T HAVE HUGE BUDGETS AND
THERE ARE LARGE COUNTRIES THAT
PARTICIPATE.
THERE ARE SMALL COMPANIES THAT
CAN PARTICIPATE.
AND LARGE COMPANIES.
SO WE WANT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
ALL OF OUR COMMERCIAL PARTNERS,
ALL OF OUR INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS, WE WANT IT TO BE AN
OPEN ARCHITECTURE WHERE
EVERYBODY CAN PARTICIPATE.
AND THE GLORY OF THE GATEWAY IS
THAT IT'S CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISHED BY
THE UNITED STATES AND OUR
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, FROM
WHENCE EVERYBODY CAN HAVE ACCESS
AND BUILD THAT SUSTAINABLE
ARCHITECTURE.
THE OTHER THING ABOUT THE
GATEWAY IS THAT IT GETS TO US
MORE PARTS OF THE MOON THAN WE
HAVE EVER BEEN ABLE TO GET TO
BEFORE.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE MOON,
FROM 1969 TO 1972, WE LANDED IN
SIX DIFFERENT LOCATIONS ALL I
THE EX-ARE TOUR YELL REGIONS.
FROM 1969 ALL THE WAY UP UNTIL
2008 WE BELIEVED THAT THE MOON
WAS BONE DRY.
THAT IT WAS JUST A BONE DRY
PLANETARY OR LUNAR BODY,
WHATEVER.
NOW, IN 2008, THE INDIANS MADE A
DISCOVERY IN 2009, WE DOUBLED
DOWN ON IT.
THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS
OF TONS OF WATER ICE AT THE
POLES OF THE MOON.
HOW DID WE GO FOR ALMOST 40 YEAR
OLD WITHOUT KNOWING THAT THERE
WERE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF
TONS OF WATER ICE AT THE POLES
OF THE MOON?
HOW DID WE DO THAT?
IT'S BECAUSE WE WENT TO ONE PART
OF THE MOON.
THE EQUATORIAL REGIONS.
IT WOULD BE LIKE LANDING IN THE
MIDDLE EAST AND TRYING TO MAKE
AN ASSESSMENT WHAT IS EARTH
LIKE, YOU KNOW, IN MARYLAND.
IT'S JUST DIFFICULT TO DO THAT.
SO WE WANT MORE ACCESS TO MORE
PARTS OF THE MOON, THAN WE HAVE
EVER HAD BEFORE.
AND WE DO THAT WITH THE GATEWAY.
THE GATEWAY IS GOING TO HAVE
SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION,
THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS THE
MASS IS MUCH LESS THAN THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
NUMBER ONE IT KEEPS THE COST
DOWN, NUMBER TWO, WITH LESS
MASS, YOU CAN USE SOLAR ELECTRIC
PROPULSION, WHICH HAS VERY HIGH
SPECIFIC IMPULSE, BUT VERY LOW,
JUST TOTAL THRUST.
BUT BECAUSE OF THE ORBIT THAT
IT'S IN, IT CAN GET TO THE L 1.
AND THE L 2. AND GIVE US MORE
ACCESS TO MORE PARTS OF THE MOON
THAT EVER EVER BEFORE.
THE OTHER THING THAT'S IMPORTANT
ABOUT THIS ARCHITECTURE AROUND
THE MOON, IT'S SUSTAINABLE, IT
TAKES ADVANTAGE OF OUR
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS, IT TAKES
ADVANTAGE OF OUR INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS, BUT IT'S ALSO ALL
RECOGNIZE POLICE
REPLICATABLE AT MARS.
THE SECOND GATEWAY WOULD BE A
DEEP SPACE TRANSPORT THAT TAKES
US TO MARS.
>> Reporter: SO IF EVERYTHING IS
REUSABLE AND SUSTAINABLE AND WE
CAN REPLICATE IT AS MARS, THAT
GIVES US THE ABILITY FOR THE
FIRST TIME TO LAND HUMANITY TO
LAND HUMANITY ON MARS IN AN
INTERNATIONAL, SUSTAINABLE WAY.
THE QUESTION WAS ABOUT SPACE
POLICY DIRECTIVE ONE AND OUR
MOVE FORWARD TO THE MOON.
AND EVERYBODY BEYOND.
THAT'S ULTIMATELY KIND OF THE
VISION FOR IT.
AND THE PRESIDENT IS VERY
EXCITED ABOUT IT.
AND I'LL TELL YOU, THERE IS A
LOT OF OTHER PEOPLE EXCITED
ABOUT IT, INCLUDING ME.
AND I HOPE YOU.
BECAUSE IT'S A BIG DEAL.
>> THANKS, JIM.
OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES UP FROM
A DIFFERENT PART OF THE MOON.
SO LET'S, CARLI PRICE IS NEXT.
>> HI, CARLI.
>> HI, MY NAME IS CARLI PRICE
AND I AM WITH NASA'S NEEDN'T
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION
PROGRAM.
I GO TO OKLAHOMA CITY
UNIVERSITY.
SO THE COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY
SERVICE HAS BEEN A HUGE SUCCESS
IN DRIVING DOWN THE COSTS TO
SEND PAY LOW LOADS IN TO EARTH
ORBIT ULTIMATELY SAVING TAX
PAYER DOLLARS, DO YOU SEE NASA
SIGNING OTHER SPACE ACT
AGREEMENTS THAT WOULD ULTIMATELY
MAKE FOR A LUNAR SPACE STATION,
A LUNAR BASE AND A MANSION PAR M
>> BASE?
>> THE WE ARE IS QUESTION.
I DON'T KNOW ABOUT A MARTIAN
BASE AT THIS POINT, BUT I WILL
TELL YOU THIS, EVERYTHING THAT I
JUST TALKED ABOUT, TALKING ABOUT
THE MOON, AROUND THE MOON, ON
THE MOON, TO THE MOON AND THEN
REPLICATING THAT AT MARS.
THE VERY FIRST THING WE ARE
DOING RIGHT NOW WE L A HAVE A
REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL THAT WE
HAVE ALREADY PUT OUT IT'S
ACTUALLY A DRAFT REQUEST FOR
PROPOSAL FOR LUNAR PAYLOAD
SERVICES.
NASA WANTS TO BUY SURFACES TO
GET TO THE SURFACE OF THE MOON
WITH SMALL LANDERSES AND LIGHT
PAYLOADS, INSTRUMENTS, WE WANT
TO PUT INSTRUMENT ON THE SURFACE
OF THE MOON BUT WE DON'T WANT TO
PURCHASE, OWN, AND OPERATE THE
LANDERS THAT GET US THERE.
SO WE WILL BUY IT COMMERCIALLY.
THAT DOESN'T MEAN AND, THIS IS
AN IMPORTANT POINT TO MAKE,
BECAUSE I DON'T WANT TO RAISE
EXPECTATIONS.
THIS HAS NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE.
THAT MEANS THERE WILL BE PEOPLE
THAT ATTEMPT AND DON'T
NECESSARILY SUCCEED.
AS NASA ADMINISTRATOR, MY GOAL
IS TO GIVE PEOPLE AND COMPANIES
OPPORTUNITIES TO TAKE SHOTS ON
GOAL.
IF QUESTION SIX DIFFERENT
COMPANIES ATTEMPT LAND ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON WITH
10 POUNDS WORTH OF INSTRUMENTS,
AND ONE OF THEM SUCCEEDS.
IF WE HAVE FIVE BURNING HOLES
AND ONE SUCCESS, WE'LL LEARN A
LOT.
WE ARE NOT PUTTING HUMANS AT
RISK HERE.
THE LAST TIME WE HAD A SOFT LAND
ON THIS MOON WAS 1972.
IT'S BEEN A LONG TIME.
THERE IS A LOT WE NEED TO LEARN.
AND SO IF COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY IF
WE CAN DEMONSTRATE THESE
CAPABILITIES WE WANT TO ENABLE
THEM TO DO THAT.
BECAUSE OF THE WAY WE ARE GOING
ABOUT IT, IT'S ALL ABOUT COST
AND EFFICIENCY, WE CAN AFFORD
SOME FAILURES.
NOW, IF WE GO FORWARD LIKE WE
DID IN 19 -- IN THE 1960s
WITH, A MASSIVE MULTI BILLION
DOLLARS PROJECT AND IT FAILS
THAT'S NOT WHAT WE WANT, WE WANT
TO TAKE SMALL LANDERS AND LEARN
FROM THAT AND MAKE BIGGER
LANDERS THAT CAN CARRY HUMANS.
WE WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS ARE
STEPPING YOU WANT TO PLATE AS
WELL.
LAST WEEK D ACTUALLY TWO WEEKS
AGO NOW I WAS IN ISRAEL.
THERE IS A COMPANY OUT THERE
CALLED SPACE IO.
AND IN DECEMBER THEY ARE
LAUNCHING TO THE MOON.
IN FEBRUARY, THEY ARE DOING A
VERY -- THEY ARE DOING THIS KIND
OF CYCLE ON THE WAY OUT THERE.
THEY ARE GOING IT LANDS IN
FEBRUARY, LAUNCH IN DECEMBER AND
LAND IN FEBRUARY.
LESS THAN $100 MILLION.
AND THEY ARE GOING TO LAND ON
THE MOON WITH A SMALL LANDER AND
A LIGHT PAY LOWELL AND, OF
COURSE, WE ARE WORKING NOW TO
DETERMINE HOW ARE REWE GOING TO
PARTNER WITH THEM ALL KINDS OF
THINGS THAT NEED OUR SUPPORT ON,
WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT
COMMUNICATIONS.
AND OF COURSE WE WANT TO OFFER
THAT UP TO THEM.
THE LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER
IS A CAPABILITY THAT WE HAVE
THAT THEY COULD BENEFIT FROM AND
GETTING VIDEO OF THEIR LANDING
IF YOU WILL.
THERE IS A LOT OF OPPORTUNITIES
FOR US TO PARTNER WITH THEM.
WE WANT THEM TO BE SUCCESSFUL.
IF WE CAN HELP THEM BE
SUCCESSFUL IT'S GOOD FOR US,
IT'S GOOD FOR NASA, IT GIVES US
ANOTHER OPPORTUNITY TO GET
THINGS TO THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
SO THERE IS A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY
HERE.
NOT YOUR QUESTION GOES BEYOND
THE MOON, BUT THE WE ARE IS YES.
IF THERE ARE THINGS THAT WE CAN
ACQUIRE COMMERCIALLY.
WE WANT TO ACQUIRE IT.
I KNOW THAT'S NOT THE RIGHT
TERMINOLOGY, IF THERE ARE THINGS
THAT WE CAN BUY THE SERVICE,
PRETTY MUCH EVERYTHING THAT WE
DO.
WE BUY COMMERCIALLY.
THERE ARE THINGS THAT WE CAN
ACQUIRE AS A SERVICE RATHER THAN
HAVING TO PURCHASE, OWN, OPERATE
IT OURSELVES, AND WE CAN MAKE
THINGS HAPPEN FASTER AND MORE
EFFICIENTLY THAN I AM ALL FOR
THAT.
SO THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION.
>> THANKS, JIM, OUR NEXT
QUESTION IS FURTHER WAY.
WE GO GOING TO OUR COLLEAGUES AT
STENNIS RESEARCH CENTER.
>> THE ROVER ECLIPSE MISSION IS
SET TO LAUNCH IN THE 2020s,
EUROPA SAY A CANDIDATE FOR
HARBORING LIFE AS WELL IS AN
INTERESTING MOON TO STUDY.
WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE
MISSION AND WHAT DO YOU HOPE
SOME OF OUR DISCOVERIES WILL BE?
>> ANOTHER GREAT QUESTION.
EUROPA REPRESENTS IN MY VIEW ONE
OF THE BEST PLACES WITHIN OUR
OWN SOLAR SYSTEM WHERE WE MIGHT
FIND LIFE.
OBVIOUSLY, IT'S A WATER WORLD.
IT HAS THIS ICE SHELL THAT
PROTECTS THE INSIDE OF IT.
FROM GARAGE TICK RADIATION,
WHICH IS IMPORTANT THINK SO
THERE IS A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY.
I REALLY BELIEVE THAT WHEN YOU
THINK ABOUT DEEP SPACE AND WHERE
WE SHOULD BE EXPLORING.
WISHED EXPLORE IN PLACE WHERE
HIS WE HAVE A PHONE SCOOL TO
FIND LIFE.
CONGRESS JOHN CULBERSON SAY GOOD
FRIEND OF MINE.
HE'S THE CHAIRMAN OF THE HOUSE
APPROPRIATIONS COMMIT KNIT HOUSE
OF RELATES TIFF.
HE'S WRITTEN IN THE LAW THAT YOU
ARE GOING TO EUROPA.
WHEN YOU TELL ME ABOUT EUROPA I
AM THINKING EUROPA.
HE IS THAT INTENT ON IT.
HE IS WRITTEN IT IN TO THE LAW,
AND WE ARE GOING TO EUROPA.
WE NEED TO DO THE CLIPPER
MISSION WHICH ULTIMATELY TAKES
NEWS HONOR BIT AROUND JUPITER SO
THAT WE CAN SEE AS MUCH OF
EUROPA AS WE CAN.
HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW.
WE HAVE SEEM PLUMES COMING OUT
OF EUROPA A WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
WATER GOING WAY OUT IN TO SPACE
COMING OUT OF EUROPA.
IF THERE IS WATER AND HEAT THERE
IS AN OPPORTUNITY THAT THERE
COULD BE LIFE SO THIS IS
SOMETHING THAT I AM VERY EXCITED
ABOUT.
IT'S SOMETHING THAT CONGRESS IS
VERY INTENT ON.
THE FIRST PIECE IS THE CLIPPER
MISSION WHERE WE CN FLY BY AND
GET AS GOOD INTELLIGENCE AS WE
CAN GET.
THE SECOND MISSION AND CHAIRMAN
CULBERSON IS KEEN ON THEM WE
HAVE TO GET A LANDER ON EUROPA.
THAT'S GOING TO BE A VERY TOUGH
PROBLEM TO SOLVE.
BUT CONGRESS IS IN ON IT.
WE ARE GOING FOR FOLLOW THE LAW.
AND ULTIMATELY IF WE DO SO, I
THINK WE HAVE A CHANCE, A THINK
NOT GOING TO PUT ODDS IT ON IT.
BUT WE HAVE A CHANCE OF FINDING
LIFE THAT'S NOT ON EARTH.
SO THAT WOULD BE A FASCINATING
DISCOVERY.
>> NEXT QUESTION IS FROM HANNAH
AT JPL.
>> MY NAME IS HANNAH I AND I AM
AN INTERN AT JPL HELPING TO MAKE
THE MISSION DATA FROM SATURN
AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC.
NASA'S PRPOSE HAS CHANGED A LOT
IN THE 49 YEARS SINCE THE FIRST
MOON LANDED.
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
CAN BE UNPREBICK TABLE WHAT DO
YOU HOPE THAT NASA WILL HOLD AS
WE ENTER THE WORKFORCE IN.
>> THAT'S A WIDE-OPEN QUESTION.
IT'S DIFFICULT TO EVENING
IMAGINE WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS.
WE THINK ABOUT JAMES WEBB SPACE
TELESCOPE.
WE WERE JUST TALKING ABOUT THIS
A COUPLE OF DAYS AGO.
WHEN WE STARTED THE JAMES WEBB
SPACE TELESCOPE.
WE DIDN'T EVERYBODY KNOW AN ECHO
PLANET EXISTED.
NOW WE DISCOVER NEW EXO PLANETS
EVERY DAY.
9,000 HAVE ALREADY BEEN
IDENTIFIED.
SO WHAT IS AMAZING IS, YOU KNOW,
WE START THESE MISSIONS NOT
KNOWING ULTIMATELY HOW WE ARE
GOING DO USE THE MISSIONS GOING
FORWARDS.
AND NOW WE HAVE THIS GREAT
ASSET, THE JAMES WEBB SPACE
TELESCOPE THAT WILL GIVE US MORE
INSIGHT PROBABLY IN TO EXO
PLANETS THAN WE COULD HAVE
IMAGINED.
THE IDEA THAT THERE IS A
SPECTROMETER WHERE A PLANET
FLIES IN FRONT OF IT'S A A STAR
AND THAT LIGHT HAS TO GO THROUGH
THAT PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE AND
WHEN YOU SPLIT THAT LIGHT UP,
AND YOU -- YOU ARE ABLE TO
DETERMINE WHAT LIGHT GOTTA BE
SORB AND THE WHAT DIDN'T GET
ABSORB AND THE BASED ON THAT
MAKE ASSESSMENTS AS TO WHAT THE
ATMOSPHERE OF THAT PLANET COULD
BE OR IS, ARE AND THEN DETERMINE
IF THAT PLANET IS CAPABLE OF
HOSTING LIFE, I MEAN, THIS GIVES
US REALMS OF POSSIBILITY THAT 10
YEARS AGO WE NEVER WOULD HAVE
EVERYBODY DREAMED OF.
SO FOR YOUR GENERATION, SHE WAS
ASKING ABOUT AS YOU GUYS ENTER
THE WORKFORCE, FOR YOUR
GENERATION IT'S WIDE OPEN.
WE CAN'T EVERYBODY IMAGINE WHAT
YOU WILL BE WORKING ON 20 YEARS
FROM NOW BECAUSE OF ALL THE
DISCOVERIES THAT ARE BEING MADE
RIGHT NOW.
JUST SINCE I HAVE BEEN AT NASA,
I HAVE BEEN HERE FOR -- WELL,
SINCE APRIL, JUST SINCE I HAVE
BEEN AT NASA, WE HAVE -- WE HAVE
DISCOVERED THE FACT THAT THERE
ARE COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON
THE SURFACE OF MARS, FOR
EXAMPLE.
DOESN'T GUARANTEE LIFE, BUT IT
CERTAINLY INCREASES THE
PROBABILITY OF LIFE.
WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT THERE
ARE SEASONS ON MARS THAT ARE
PERFECTLY IN LINE WITH METHANE
CYCLES ON MARS.
AGAIN, DOESN'T GUARANTEE LIFE
BUT INCREASESSAL POUR BOYLE INCR
JUST YESTERDAY REPORTS WERE THAT
WE HAVE A RADAR MISSION AROUND
MARS THAT HAS DISCOVERED THAT
THERE IS LIQUID WATER 1 1/2
KILOMETERS UNDERNEATH THE
SURFACE OF MARS.
NOW, YOU GO BACK 10 YEARS, WOULD
ANYBODY HAVE BELIEVED THAT?
YOU GO BACK 20 YEARS, WOULD
ANYBODY HAVE BELIEVED THAT MARS
HAS ICE CAPS?
WE ARE MAKING DISCOVERIES EVERY
DAY AND ALL OF THESE DISCOVERIES
ARE CHANGING HOW WE THINK ABOUT
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, THE COSMOS,
THE IDEA THAT WE ARE LEARNING
ABOUT, YOU KNOW, COSMIC DAWN.
WITH JAMES WEBB, WE ARE GOING TO
SEE BACK TO THE VERY BEGINNING
OF THE UNIVERSE.
THE VERY FIRST LIGHT.
AS THE UNIVERSE HAS EXPANDED,
OBVIOUSLY THE -- WHAT USED TO BE
VISIBLE LIGHT, THE, YOU KNOW,
THE SIGNALS OF COURSE ARE MUCH
BROADER NOW THAN THEY WERE BACK
THEN WHEN MEANS WE HAVE TO
DETECT IT IN INFRARED RATHER
THAN INVISIBLE LIGHT.
BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, WITH
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE,
OUT A MILLION MILES FROM EARTH,
AT DARN NEAR ZERO KELVIN, ZERO
KELVIN, BEING SO COLD WE CAN
PICK UP TRACE HEAT SIGNATURES OF
FROM THE VERY DAWN OF TIME, IF
YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT.
THE QUESTION IS, WHAT IS IT
GOING TO LOOK LIKE?
WE DON'T KNOW.
AND HOW ARE REGOING TO MODEL THE
VERY BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE.
AND WHEN YOU GO OUT TO THE EDGE
OF THE UNIVERSE. AND SEE THINGS
ARE ACCELERATING RAPIDLY FROM
THE AGAIN OF THE UNIVERSE THINK
IT'S HAPPENING TO THE POINT
WHERE ENTIRE GALAXIES AT THE
EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE ARE JUTIN
PEERING.
WHY IS THAT?
THEY ARE ACCELERATING PAST THE
SPEED OF LIGHT SO THE LIGHT
CAN'T GET BACK TO EARTH.
WHAT IS CAUSING -- WHERE IS ALL
THIS ENERGY COMING FROM?
WHAT IS CAUSING IT?
THERE ARE SO MANY THINGS THAT WE
ARE DISCOVERING RIGHT NOW.
THE IDEA OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES,
HUH [CHEERING] HAS BEEN
HYPOTHESIZED FOREVER, NOW WE
HAVE DIRECT EVIDENCE OF IT.
BECAUSE OF WHAT NASA HAS DONE.
SO IT WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT
FOR ME TO PREDICT WHAT YOU MIGHT
BE DOING 20 YEARS FROM NOW.
IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE FOR ME TO
PREDICT THAT.
BUT I'LL TELL YOU THIS, IT'S
AMAZING.
YOU KNOW, JUST TALKING ABOUT
THIS -- THE ENERGY AND
ACCELERATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND -- THERE IS PEOPLE IN THIS
AUDIENCE THAT ARE WAY SMARTER
THAN ME THAT CAN UNDERSTAND THIS
STUFF BETTER, BUT WE TALK ABOUT
DARK ENERGY, AND DARK MATTER.
WE CAN'T INTERACT WITH IT.
WE CAN'T SEE IT.
WE CAN'T DETECT IT.
BUT WE KNOW IT MUST BE THERE
BECAUSE WE CAN WITNESS ITS GRAPH
TAKE THE EFFECTS.
I MEAN, THERE IS SO MUCH TO
LEARN ABOUT THE PLACE WE CALL
HOME, WHICH IS OUR UNIVERSE.
AND BETWEEN NOW AND THE TIME NOT
JUST YOU ENTER THE WORKFORCE BUT
BY THE TIME YOU ARE AT MY CAREER
STAGE IN YOUR MID 40s,
EVERYTHING WE UNDERSTAND COULD
BE ENTIRELY DIFFERENT.
AS EVERYTHING WE UNDERSTAND
TODAY IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN IT
WAS 20 YEARS AGO.
SO THERE IS NO SHORTAGE OF
OPPORTUNITY AND NO SHORTAGE OF
GREAT THINGS FOR YOU TO DISCOVER
SHOULD YOU DECIDE TO STAY IN
THIS FIELD.
AND I'LL DO EVERYTHING THAT I
CAN TO MAKE YOU SUCCESSFUL IN
DOING IT.
BECAUSE IT'S IMPORTANT FOR ALL
OF HUMANITY.
THANK YOU FOR THAT QUESTION.
>> THAT'S A GREAT SECOND WAY TO
OUR NEXT QUESTION FROM PATRICK
AT HEAD KWAURSER.
>> HI THERE, I AM PADDOCK STOCK
SON I AM' INTERN AT NASA HEAD
QUARTERS AND A CURRENT STUDENT
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SAN
ANTONIO.
SO MY QUESTION FOR YOU IS, IN
DURING YOUR EARLY PROFESSIONAL
AND ACADEMIC CAREER, WHAT SKILL
OR EXPERIENCE HAS HAD THE MOST
IMPACT ON YOU TO GET YOU TO
WHERE YOU ARE TODAY?
>> IT'S INTERESTING MY
BACKGROUND IS QUITE VARIED.
LIKE I MENTIONED I STUDIED
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS UNDER
GARAGE WALT THINK I ADDED A
THIRD MAJOR WHICH IS PSYCHOLOGY,
BUT WHEN I GRADUATED I DIDN'T
WANT TO DO ANY OF THAT STUFF AND
I BECAME A NAVY PILOT.
I WILL TELL YOU THE EXPERIENCE
THAT I HAD AS A NAVY PILOT HAD
THE MOST IMPACT ON MY LIFE
BECAUSE I FINISHED FLIGHT SCHOOL
AND THEN SEPTEMBER 11th HAND.
AND, OF COURSE, THAT CHANGED THE
COURSE OF MY LIFE AND IT CHANGED
THE COURSE OF HISTORY.
AND I ENDED UP IN PLACES DOING
THINGS THAT I NEVER HOPED OR
WANTED TO DO THAT MY COUNTRY HAD
CALLED ME TO DO.
BUT I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO
FIGHT MY COUNTRY'S BATTLES WHICH
REALLY CHANGED MY PERSPECTIVE OF
THE WORLD.
AND I THINK IT REALLY CHANGED
THE WAY I WENT ABOUT MY LIFE
QUITE FRANKLY IT.
GAVE ME CONFIDENCE I MIGHT NOT
OTHERWISE HAVE.
I ENCOURAGE YOUNG PEOPLE TO
SERVE IN THE MILITARY THERE IS A
LOT OF WAYS TO DO IT.
THAT DON'T INCLUDE BEING A
FULL-TIME ACTIVE DUTY PERSON.
UNTIL I GOT SWORN IN IN APRIL I
WAS STILL SERVING IN THE
OKLAHOMA AIR NATIONAL GUARD.
I THINK THAT KIND OF SERVICE IS
IMPORTANT.
SO I WOULD SAY THE MILITARY
SERVICE HAD A HUGE IMPACT ON MY
LIFE.
I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY -- I FLEW
E2 HAWKEYES INITIALLY.
WHICH IS A COMMAND AND CONTROL
AIRPLANE.
SO WE WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR
CONTROLLING THE ASSETS WITHIN A
THEATER OF BATTLE.
FROM AN AIRBORNE PERSPECTIVE.
I TRANSITIONED FROM THE E2
HAWKEYE TO THE F18 HORNET AND I
HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO FLY RED
AIR FOR TOP GUN SO IN THAT
REALLY STUDIED HOW THE ENEMIES
OF THE UNITED STATES FLY AND I
FLEW THOSE ENEMY PROFILES IN AN
EFFORT TO GET SHOT DOWN BY TOP
GUN INSTRUCTORS AND I GOT SHOT
DOWN A LOT IT WAS FUN BECAUSE I
GOT TO FLY HOME FASTER THAN MOCK
SO I WASN'T TERRIBLY
DISAPPOINTED.
I DID THAT FOR THREE YEARS AND
THEN I DECIDED TO GO BACK TO
COLLEGE, I GOT AN MBA AT
CORNELL.
AGAIN, TREMENDOUSLY VALUABLE
EXPERIENCE.
AND GAVE ME A WHOLE NEW
PERSPECTIVE OF THE WORLD.
THAT TOOK TWO YEARS.
WHEN I WAS IN FLORIDA I DID
ACQUISITIONS FOR THE WEAPONS
SYSTEMS, TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR
THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FOR
THE NAVY SPECIFICALLY.
WHICH GAVE ME FASCINATING
EXPERIENCE THAT WAS BENEFICIAL
TO ME EVENTUALLY WHEN I GOT TO
THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS.
WHEN I FINISHED AT CORNELL, THIS
IS ANOTHER THING, SO THE COURSE
OF YOUR LIFE WILL PROBABLY NOT
BE WHAT YOU THINK IT WILL BE.
IT'S JUST THE REALITY.
AND EVERYBODY HERE IS VERY
YOUNG.
SO I'LL TELL YOU HOW MY LIFE
CHANGED.
WHEN I FINISHED AT CORNELL, YOU
KNOW, I WAS THINKING I MIGHT GO
TO WALL STREET BECAUSE THAT
MAKES A CORNELL MBA WORTH T I
ENDED UP, YOU KNOW, MY WIFE, HER
FATHER HAD PASSED WAY.
HER MOTHER HAD MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS SHE NEEDED HELPFUL WE
HAD THIS BIG BURDEN TO MOVE BACK
IT MY WIFE'S HOMETOWN TULSA,
OKLAHOMA, WE SO GAVE UP
EVERYTHING AND MOVED BACK TO
TULSA, OKLAHOMA.
I AM HEAR TOLL YOU IF YOU ARE IN
TULSA, OKLAHOMA, AN MBA FROM
CORNELL UNIVERSITY DOESN'T
REALLY HAVE A LOT OF VALUE.
IF YOU WANTED ON TO GO TO
OKLAHOMA STATE OR O.U. THEN
THERE IS A LOT OF VALUE THERE,
BUT CORNELL, WHAT ARE YOU AN
ELITE EFFORT.
THAT KIND OF THING.
SO BUT THE REALITY IS, WE
INVESTED A LOT OF MONEY IN A
CORNELL MBA AND ENDED UP GOING
BACK TO TULSA, OKLAHOMA WHERE I
RAN A NONPROFIT AIR AND SPACE
MUSEUM.
CHANGED THE COURSE OF MY LIFE
YET AGAIN UNEXPECTEDLY.
AND I DID THAT FOR A COUPLE OF
YEARS AND EVENTUALLY MADE A
DETERMINATION, AND I WAS STILL
SERVING, AT THAT TIME I WAS IN
THE NAVY RESERVE, I LEFT ACTIVE
DUTY IN THE NAVY RESERVE, IN
TULSA, OKLAHOMA, AND EVENTUALLY
MADE A DECISION AS A NAVY
RESERVIST, I AM TELLING YOU,
YOUR LIFE WILL TAKE SO MANY
TWISTS.
AS A NAVY RESERVISTS, THE UNITED
STATES CONGRESS PASSED A BILL
AND IT WAS CALLED THE BUDGET
CONTROL ACT CREATING THIS THING
CALLED EYE SUPER COMMITTEE.
AND SUPER COMMITTEE HAD 12
MEMBERS IN THE CONGRESS
CIRCUMSTANCE IN THE HOUSE, SIX
IN THE SENATE, SIX REPUBLICANS,
SIX DEMOCRATS, NONE OF THEM WERE
FROM OKLAHOMA AND THEY HAD THE
FULL AUTHORITY TO CHANGE FEDERAL
SPEND AND THIS FULL AUTHORITY TO
RAIDS TAXES AND DO IT WITHOUT
ANY DEBATES, WITHOUT ANY
AMENDMENTS, WITHOUT ANY
FILIBUSTER.
AND WHATEVER THEY DETERMINED
THERE WOULD BE AN UP OR DOWN
VOTE ON THE FLOOR OR HOUSE OF
THE SENATE BUT NO DEBATE
AMENDMENT OR FILIBUSTER AND I
WAS FLYING COUNTER DRUG MISSIONS
DOWN IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH
AMERICA, MY SQUADRON WAS BUSTING
ABOUT AS A NAVY RESERVIST, WE
WERE BUST BIG $2 BILLION WORTH
OF COCAINE EVERY YEAR ON THE
HIGH SEAS.
WHICH WAS CRAZY MISSIONS, I WILL
SAY.
BUT HERE WAS THE RESULT.
MY SQUADRON GOT ELIMINATED AND I
WANTED TO FIGURE OUT WHY -- WE
ARE BUSTING $2 BILLION WORTH OF
COCAINE AND I WANT TO BE CLEAR
ABOUT WHAT THIS MEANS.
THAT MEANS $2 BILLION WORTH OF
COCAINE NOW COMING IN TO THE
UNITED STATES, THAT'S $2 BILLION
WORTH OF CASH NOW FUNDING
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS IN CENTRAL AND
SOUTH AMERICA THAT ARE
DESTABILIZING GOVERNMENTS DOWN
THERE TO THE POINT WHERE CIVIL
SOCIETY IS BREAKING DOWN AND THE
DRUG CARTELS HAVE MORE MONEY
THAN THE GOVERNMENTS.
I AM SOUNDING VERY POLITICAL
RIGHT NOW.
BUT THE REALITY WAS, I MADE A
DECISION AT THAT POINT IN MY
LIFE THAT WHOEVER VOTED FOR
THIS, I'VE GOT RUN AGAINST THEM.
AND I DIDN'T KNOW IF MY
CONGRESSMAN VOTED FOR IT OR NOT,
BUT SURE ENOUGH, I LOOKED IT UP
AND HE DID.
AND I RAN AGAINST HIM.
NOW, I DIDN'T KNOW THAT I WAS
GOING TO WIN OR NOT, BUT I FELT
IT WAS A PRINCIPLE THAT I HAD TO
RUN.
AND I DID.
NOW, AT THE END WE ACTUALLY
SURPRISED OURSELVES AND WON.
AND THEN I WENT TO CONGRESS AND
FOR 5 1/2 YEARS IN CONGRESS I
WAS ON THE ARMED SERVICES
COMMITTEE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON
STRATEGIC FORCES WHICH DEALS
WITH AMERICA'S NATIONAL SECURITY
SPACE CAPABILITIES.
AND THEN I WAS ON THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE.
I ENDED UP CHAIRING THE
SUBCOMMIT OUT ENVIRONMENT, WHICH
OVERSEAS NOA.
ABOUT 40% OF NOA'S BUDGET IS
SPACE-RELATED ACTIVITY,
ESPECIALLY RELATED TO WEATHER
WHICH IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO
THE GENTLEMEN WHO REPRESENTS THE
STATE OF OKLAHOMA WHO HAS
CONSTITUENTS WHO DIE IN
TORNADOES EVERY YEAR AND I WAS
ALSO ON THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON
SPACE WHICH OVERSEES -- WHICH
OVERSEES NASA.
SO HERE I AM FOR 5 1/2 YEARS IN
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
WORKING ON SPACE-RELATED ISSUES.
AND GETTING FRUSTRATED BECAUSE I
AM SEEING HOW A LOT OF THINGS
ARE DONE AND HOW THE INNER
AGENCY PROCESS DOESN'T WORK VERY
WELL.
SO THEN I DROPPED THIS MASSIVE
BILL THAT I WORKED ON FOR A YEAR
AND A HALF CALLED THE AMERICAN
SPACE RENAISSANCE ACT AND IT GOT
A LOT OF ATTENTION IN THE SPACE
COMMUNITY.
I WENT OUT TO THE NATIONAL SPACE
SYMPOSIUM OUT IN COLORADO
SPRINGS WHICHS EVERY WHICH HAPPE
APRIL AND I INTRODUCED TWO AND
IT GOT TONS OF ATTENTION AND
MEDIA.
AND THE NEXT THING YOU KNOW
THERE IS AN ELECTION THANS AND I
AM ON THE LIST FOR NASA AHEAD
MINUTE STRAIGHTER AS A NOMINEE.
NOW, YOU LOOK BACK AT THE COURSE
OF MY LIFE AND YOU SAY, WHOLE
IMPACTED YOU THE MOST GOING
FORWARD?
I CAN'T TELL YOU.
AND I AM BEING DEAD SERIOUS.
EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THESE TWISTS
AND TURNS RESULTS IN AN END
STATE THAT I COULD NEVER HAVE
PREDICTED WHEN I WAS GRADUATING
FROM COLLEGE, COULDN'T HAVE DONE
IT.
JUST LIKE KIND OF HOW YOU OPENED
UP.
WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT.
>> WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT.
>> BUT WHAT I WILL TELL YOU IS
THIS, AS YOU GO FORWARD,
WHENEVER IT IS, YOU ARE PLACED
AND WHATEVER IT IS YOU ARE
DOING,, YOU KNOW, WHAT I HAVE
FOUND IS REGARDLESS IF YOU ARE
FOCUSED ON SUSTAINED SUPERIOR
PERFORMANCE, THAT'S WHAT WE CALL
IT IN THE MILITARY.
IT'S THAT SIMPLE.
WHENEVER YOU ARE, WHATEVER YOU
ARE DOING, IF YOU FOCUS ON
SUSTAINED SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE,
YOU WILL BE OVERWHELMINGLY
SUCCESSFUL.
BUT THAT MEANS THAT YOU CAN'T
ALWAYS JUST BE THINKING ABOUT
THE NEXT THING.
THERE IS A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT
ARE ALWAYS FOCUSED ON WHAT'S
NEXT FOR THEM.
AND I -- BOY, I WILL TELL YOU IN
WASHINGTON, D.C., IT IS FILLED
WITH THOSE PEOPLE.
THAT WON'T GET YOU WHERE YOU
WANT TO BE.
YOU GOTTA BE THE BEST AT WHERE
YOU ARE RIGHT NOW.
SO ANYWAY, I DON'T KNOW IF THAT
ANSWERS YOUR QUESTION OR NOT,
IT'S -- YOU LOOK AT HOW YOUR
LIFE UNFOLDS AND IT'S HARD TO
PUT YOUR FINGER ON WHAT THAT ONE
THING MIGHT HAVE BEEN.
THERE IS A WHOLE HOST OF THINGS
AND ALL OF THEM MADE A BIG
IMPACT.
THANK YOU, THOUGH, FOR THE
QUESTION.
>> THANKS FOR SHARING THAT.
IT HELPS US UNDERSTAND YOUR
BACKGROUND AND YOUR LEADERSHIP
STYLE A IS WE UNDERSTAND YOUR
BACKGROUND.
THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM OF OUR
CLERKS AT GLENN RESEARCH CENTER
BY HAVE I HAD JOE.
>> I AM A Ph.D CANDIDATE IN
MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
AT PENN STATE.
AND MY QUESTION IS, WHAT DID YOU
THINK IS THE BEST WAY TO
INCREASE DVERSITY IN THE STEM
WORKFORCE, ESPECIALLY AT NASA?
DO YOU THINK NASA SHOULD FOCUS
MORE ON OUTREACH PROGRAMS FOR
YOUNG KIDS TO SPARK AN EARLY
INTEREST IN STEM FIELDS OR IN
WAYS TO GET OLDER KIDS AND
COLLEGE STUDENTS INVOLVED WITH
RESEARCH AND PROJECTS RELATED TO
SPACE?
>> ANOTHER WONDERFUL QUESTION.
OH, GOODNESS.
SO I WILL TELL YOU, I WAS AT
NASA FOR ALL OF MAYBE A WEEK
WHEN I REALIZED THAT YOU WALK
AROUND THE NASA HEADQUARTERS AND
YOU FIND OUT THAT, YOU KNOW,
WOMEN AND MINORITIES ARE NOT
WELL REPRESENTED IN THE
POPULATION.
IT DOESN'T TAKE YOU LONG TO
FIGURE THAT OUT.
SO, YES, THIS IS AN ISSUE THAT
WE NEED TO SOLVE.
AND IT'S NOT AN ISSUE THAT YOU
CAN SOLVE OVERNIGHT.
SO THERE ARE THINGS THAT WE NEED
TO BE DOING ALL THE TIME.
I WILL ALSO SAY ONE OF THE PARTS
OF MY LIFE THAT REALLY HAVE MADE
A BIG IMPACT WAS WHEN A RAN A
NONPROFIT AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM
IN TULSA, OKLAHOMA.
AND I SAW FIRST HAND DURING THAT
TIME THAT WOULD REALLY NASA HAS
AN ABILITY TO INSPIRE YOUNG
FOLKS IN WAYS THAT NO OTHER
AGENCY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
CAN.
IT REALLY CAN CHANGE THE LIFE OF
CHILDREN.
IN FACT, I TELL THE STORY AND I
HAVE TOLD THIS TO MIKE A NUMBER
OF TIMES ABOUT WHEN I WAS YOUNG,
AFTER MY FIFTH GRADE YEAR BEFORE
MY SIXTH GRADE YEAR, THAT SUMMER
I HAD AN INTERNSHIP -- NOT AN
INTERNSHIP.
IT WAS SUMMER CAMP.
VERY DIFFERENT THAN AN INTERN
SH*URP
INTERNSHIP.
ALTHOUGH YOU GUYS PROBABLY THINK
YOU ARE AT SUMMER CAMEL RIGHT
NOW.
NO, YOU DON'T.
YEAH, I SEE SOME HEADS SHAKING.
THAT'S GOOD I TOLD THEM WE WILL
HAVE 1600 INTERNS HERE THIS
SUMMER AND PUT THEM TO WORK AND
GIVE THEM HARD STUFF TO DO.
THAT'S GOOD WORK.
SO IN THIS SUMMER CAMP I HAD THE
OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN MY LIFE TO PLAY WAY WIND
TUNNEL.
AND CHANGE THE AIR FOIL TO SEE
HOW IT AFFECTED LIFT AND DRAG
AND EVERYTHING ELSE.
AND THAT SUMMER IT WAS -- WHEN
THAT SUMMER CAMP WAS OVER IT WAS
A DONE DEAL.
I WAS GOING TO BE A PILOT.
THAT'S JUST THE WAY IT WAS.
AND THAT NEVER LEFT ME.
EVEN THOUGH I WENT TO COLLEGE
AND I STUDIED THESE THINGS THAT
HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH BEING A
PILOT AND I TRIED TO GET IT TO
LEAVE ME IT NEVER LEFT ME.
ULTIMATELY WHEN IT CAME TIME TO
GET A JOB AFTER COLLEGE, THAT'S
WHAT I WAS GOING TO DO AND I
FOLLOWED THROUGH ON THAT
PARTICULAR DREAM OF MINE THAT
WAS REALLY SPAWNED BY THIS
SUMMER CAMP THAT I WENT TO.
I THINK THAT CAN HAPPEN FOR A
LOT OF KIDS.
AND I THINK WE NEED TO FOCUS IT.
THERE ARE PROGRAMS THAT NASA IS
INVOLVED IN THAT HELP PEOPLE GO
TO AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMS LIKE
THE TULSA I'VE AND SPACE MUSEUM.
CHILDREN THAT WOULD NEVER
OTHERWISE BE ABLE TO AFFORD THE
$10 TO GO TO THE PLANETARIUM AND
THE MUSEUM NASA AND OTHER
AGENCIES AND NONPROFITS, WILL
HELP THEM GET THERE.
AND THAT'S AN IMPORTANT PART OF
AN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
KIND OF CAPABILITY THAT WILL
ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO GO IN TO
THESE STEM FIELDS.
I KNOW SHE WAS A Ph.D IN
MATERIAL SCIENCE AND SOMETHING
ELSE.
NOT EVERYBODY IS GOING TO DO
THAT.
I DON'T WANT TO SUGGEST THAT.
BUT THERE ARE PEOPLE OUT THERE
THAT HAVE THAT CAPABILITY.
THAT HAVE THAT CAPACITY.
BUT IT NEVER GETS NOURISHED.
IT NEVER GETS THE TIME AND THE
EFFORT THAT IT NEEDS.
AND SO WE NEED TO FOCUS ON THAT.
ONE OTHER THING THAT I THINK
IS -- BUT -- SO TO TURN THIS
CORNER, I THINK WE REALLY NEED
TO FOCUS ON GETTING YOUNG FOLKS
INSPIRED FROM A YOUNG AGE.
AND TEN MAKING SURE THAT IT
CONTINUES ALL THE WAY THROUGH
GARAGE
GRADUATION AND THEN IN TO THEIR
CAREER.
IT'S ALSO I THINK IMPORTANT THAT
NASA CONTINUE TO ACCOMPLISH
STUNNING ACHIEVEMENTS.
IF YOU WALK ARUND THE NATION A
HEADQUARTERS AND YOU ASK THE
FOLKS THERE, YOU KNOW, WHY DO
YOU WORK FOR NASA.
OVERWHELMINGLY EVERYBODY CAN
TELL YOU WHERE THEY WERE ON THE
DAY APOLLO 11 LANDED ON THE
MOON.
WHEN WE DO THOSE KIND OF
STUNNING ACHIEVEMENTS, WHAT ALL
HE FIND IS THAT YOU'LL FIND
PEOPLE COMING OUT OF THE
WOODWORK WANT TO GO GET INVOLVED
IN STEM, MAYBE NOT ULTIMATELY
BECOMING ASTRONAUTS, BUT
BECOMING INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS
THAT ULTIMATELY HELPS US GO
FURTHER IN WE HAVE EVER GONE
BEFORE.
SO I THINK STUNNING ACHIEVEMENTS
IS ANOTHER WAY TO GET A VERY
DIVERSE GROUP OF PEOPLE INVOLVED
AND EXCITED ABOUT THE FUTURE.
BUT IT IS AN ISSUE WE NEED TO
CONTINUE TO ADDRESS.
IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT THAT WE HAVE
A LOT OF FEMALE ASTRONAUTS THAT
TRAVEL THE COUNTRY AND TRY TOWN
SPIRE YOUNG GIRLS, THAT'S
IMPORTANT AS WELL.
SO THERE IS A LOT OF WAYS THAT
NASA IS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN
THIS.
AND BY THE WAY, THIS IS A ROLE
THAT WE HAVE.
THIS IS PART OF OUR MISSION.
EDUCATION AND I HAVE HEARD MIKE
TALK ABOUT THIS, EDUCATION IS IN
OUR DNA.
IT'S WHO WE ARE.
THE OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS IS
CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AS WELL.
SO WE'VE GOT TO MAKE SRE THAT
WE ARE COMMUNICATING TO A VERY
DIVERSE GROUP OF YOUNG FOLKS.
AND GETTING THEM ACTIVITY
ENGAGED AND INVOLVED.
I THINK THAT WE ARE TURN THAT GO
CORNER AS A COUNTRY, QUITE
FRANKLY.
AND NASA NEEDS TO BE AT THE
FOREFRONT OF THAT.
>> I THINK YU CAN REALLY SEE
HIS PASSION COMING OUT AS YOU
ASKED THAT QUESTION.
AND I HAVE TO TELL YOU THAT
THERE ARE A COUPLE OF TIMES IN
HIS 10 WEEKS THAT I HAVE GONE TO
JIM SAYING WOULD YOU CONSIDER
DOING THIS AND I AM USUALLY 2/3
THROUGH THE SENTENCE OF WHEN AND
I SAYS YES, HE'S HELPING LEAD
THINGS GOING ON AND IT WAS EASY
TO GET HIM TO COME HERE TODAY.
OUR NEXT QUESTION A THINK LOT
SAME KIND OF LINES FROM TODD AT
ARMSTRONG.
>> HELLO I AM TODD FROM
ARMSTRONG FLIGHT RESEARCH
CENTER, MY PROJECT IS FIBEROPTIC
SENSING.
AND MY QUESTION IS, WHAT ROLES
AND ADVANTAGES DO YOU SEE IN
NONTRADITIONAL BACKGROUNDS SUCH
AS ART AND HUMANITIES, HOW THEY
HELP DIVERSIFY THE AGENCY AND
HOW DO THEY APPLY TO A WIDER
AUDIENCE?
>> OH, WONDERFUL.
THINK GREAT QUESTION.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> LOOK, IF WE ARE GOING TO BE
SUCCESSFUL AS AN AGENCY IN MY
VIEW, WE HAVE TO REACH -- LIKE
THERE ARE ALL KINDS OF REALLY
SMART TECHNOLOGICALLY SAVVY
Ph.D TYPES THAT LOVE NASA.
WE HAVE TO BE MUCH PROUDER THAN
THAT, IF WE WANT TO BE
SUCCESSFUL AS AN AGENCY, WE HAVE
TO REACH THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF
PEOPLE THAT ARE NOT YOUR
Ph.Ds THAT ARE NOT YOUR
FOLKS THAT ARE INTERESTED IN
WORKING FOR NASA.
WE NEED TO REACH EVERYBODY IN
THE COUNTRY BECAUSE ULTIMATELY,
WHAT WE NEED IS WE NEED NASA TO
BE THAT AGENCY WHEN MEMBERS OF
CONGRESS LOOK AT IT, THEY FELT
REALLY GOOD ABOUT IT.
AND HOW DO THEY FEEL GOOD ABOUT
IT?
THEY FEEL GOOD ABOUT IT WHEN
THEIR CONSTITUENTS SEE WHAT WE
ARE DOING AND THEY ARE
ENTHUSIASTIC.
THERE ARE WAYS TO REACH THE
GENERAL PUBLIC THAT INCLUDE
ARTS.
YOU THINK ABOUT MOVIES, YOU
THINK ABOUT BOOKS.
ANDY WEIR IS DOING GREAT THINGS
WITH THE MARTIAN OR ARTEMIS.
THESE ARE AREAS WHERE THEY ARE
REACHING A NEW GENERATION OF THE
ARTS AND HUMANITIES ARE REACHING
A NEW GENERATION OF PEOPLE TO
INSPIRE THEM TO GET INVOLVED IN
WHAT WE ARE DOING.
WHEN YOU THINK BACK IN HISTORY,
ONE OF THE -- OUR SECOND NASA A
MILLION DOLLAR STRAIGHTER WAS A
GUY NAMED JAMES WEBB AND HE,
LIKE ME, HE CAME FROM THE
POLITICAL ARENA.
HE WAS NOT A -- HE WAS -- HE
ACTUALLY WAS AN EDUCATOR.
HE WAS A HIGH SCHOOLTEACHER, I
THINK IT WAS HIGH SCHOOL.
MAYBE EERYBODY JUNIOR HIGH.
BUT HE SUPPORTED A CANDIDATE FOR
CONGRESS, THEN HE CAME TO
CONGRESS AS A STAFFER, BACK THAT
WAS BECOME IN REAL ANY THE
1940s, GOING BACK THAT FAR.
SO HE CAME TO CONGRESS AS A
STAFFER.
ENDED UP AS THE DIRECTOR -- HE
WAS APPROPRIATOR, HE WAS THE
DIRECTOR OF APPROPRIATIONS IN
THE SENATE FOR A PERIOD OF TIME.
THEN ENDED UP BEING THE DIRECTOR
OF THE OFFICE -- THE BUREAU O
THE BUDGET, WHICH WAS THE
PREDECESSOR TO THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET.
ANYWAY, HE THEN WENT TO
OKLAHOMA.
ONE OF THE GREATEST STATES IN
THE UNION.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> AND THEN HE CAME BACK TO
WASHINGTON AS A NASA
ADMINISTRATOR.
SO HIS BACKGROUND WAS VERY
POLITICAL IN NATURE AND HE
UNDERSTOOD THIS -- REMEMBER, WE
HAD NOT BEEN TO THE MOON YET.
THE IDEA OF GOING TO THE MOON
HAD NOT BEEN EVEN ANNOUNCED BY
KENNEDY AT THIS POINT.
AND KENNEDY HAD ASKED HIM TO BE
THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR.
AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT HE
WANTED TO DO IS HE WANTED TO USE
SPACE AND SCIENCE TO CAPTURE THE
IMAGINATION OF ALL OF AMERICA.
AND HE DID THAT, IN LARGE PART,
THROUGH ARTS AND HUMANITIES.
AND HE ENCOURAGED MOVIES.
HE ENCOURAGED ART.
I AM NOT SAYING WE ARE GOING TO
DO THIS, BUT HE USE AHEAD PROP
RATE I HAD USED
APPROPRIATED FUNDS TO BUY
PAINTINGS AND ARTWORK.
WHICH I DON'T THINK NASA DUDS
THAT ANYMORE, NOT SURE.
BUT DID HE THAT KIND OF ACTIVITY
BECAUSE HE WANTED IT TO TOUCH
EVERY FABRIC OF THE AMERICAN
CULTURE.
YES, IF WE ARE GOING TO BE
SUCCESSFUL TO DO MORE THAN WE
HAVE DONE BEFORE, THAT'S AN
IMPORTANT PIECE OF WHAT WE DO.
>> THANKS.
SO THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM
EMILY FROM LANGLEY.
>> HELLO.
>> SHE'S HERE.
SORRY.
>> HI.
>> INTERN AT LANGLEY RESEARCH
CENTER AND A GRADUATE STUDENT AT
STANFORD UNIVERSITY.
MY QUESTION --
>> ALL THESE SMART PEOPLE.
>> MY QUESTION FOR YOU IS IN A
HISTORICALLY WHITE MALE DON
???NED FEEL WHAT ARE YOU DOING
INSURE THAT WOMEN AND OTHER
MINORITIES ARE FAIRLY REPRESENT
AND THE RESPECTED HERE AT NASA?
>> ANOTHER GREAT QUESTION.
I THINK I PARTIALLY ADDRESSED
THIS A FEW MOMENTS AGO, BUT
INCLUSION IS A CRITICAL PIECE OF
LEADERSHIP AND PEOPLE LOOK AT ME
AND SEE HOW I AM BEHAVING AND IT
GETS MODELED ALL THE WAY DOWN.
AND I UNDERSTAND MY ROLE IN THAT
EFFORT.
BUT IT'S ALSO TRUE THAT, YOU
KNOW, WE NEED PROGRAMS THAT
ENCOURAGE, AGAIN, YOUNG FOLKS TO
GET INVOLVED FROM A VERY EARLY
AGE THAT ARE UNDER REPRESENTED
RIGHT NOW AS YOU HAVE SEEN I AM
SURE IN YOUR TIME HERE.
SO THERE IS -- NASA IS VERY
INVOLVED IN THIS.
AND YOU HAVE MY COMMITMENT THAT
I WILL CONTINUE SUPPORTING THOSE
PROGRAMS.
>> SO I KNOW WE HAVE HAD A LOT
OF GREAT QUESTIONS, THIS NEXT
ONE I KNOW YOU WILL REALLY LIKE.
IT'S FROM KARA FROM JOHNSON.
>> HI, NAME NAME IS KARA AND I
GO TO ROCHESTER I WANT TIES OF
TECHNOLOGY.
MY QUESTION, IS PRESIDENT TRUMP
HAS RECENTLY ORDERED THE
PENTAGON TO CREATE A SPACE FORCE
AS A NEW BRANCH TO THE UNITED
STATES MILITARY WHAT
IMPLICATIONS WOULD IT HAVE FOR
NASA IF IT IS PURSUED?
>> OKAY.
>> I WILL SHARE YOU WHAT'S FUN.
>> Reporter: I GET ASKED ABOUT
THE SPACE FORCE ALL TIME
EVERYBODY WHERE I GO PEOPLE WANT
TO KNOW ABOUT THE SPACE FORCE
AND IT'S ALWAYS FUNNY, PEOPLE
THINK IT'S FUNNY.
I WANT TO BE CLEAR, THIS IS A
VERY SERIOUS POLICY PROPOSAL AS
A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE THE
REPRESENTATIVE I VOTED IN FAVOR
I'VE SEPARATE SPACE CORPS WE
DIDN'T CALL IT SPACE FORCE WE
CALLED IT CORPS.
I VOTED ON IT THREE TIMES IN
PASSED IN A STRONG BIPARTISAN
WAY AND THE FULL ARM SERVICES
COMMITTEE IT PASSED IN A STRONG
BY PART AN SAY IOWA I AND IT
PASSED THE FULL HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES, THEN IT WENT TO
THE SENATE AND IT DIED LIKE
EVERYTHING ELSE DIES IN THE
SENATE.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> NOW, BUT THIS IS A SERIOUS
POLICY PROPOSAL.
AND FOR -- AND THIS IS A VERY
INTELLIGENT AUDIENCE.
SO THE LAST THING I WANT TO DO
IS INSULT THE LEVEL OF
INTELLIGENCE THAT -- LOOK, I
KNOW HOW SMART YOU ARE, BUT I
WANT TO SHARE WITH YOU MAYBE FOR
SOME THAT ARE NOT AWARE, HOW
CRITICAL SPACE IS TO OUR
EVERY-DAY LIVES.
THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE.
IF YOU HAVE DIRECT TV OR DISH
NETWORK OR INTERNET BROAD BANDS,
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT A MULTI
HUNDRED BILLION DOLLARS INDUSTRY
JUST FOR SPACE-BASED
COMMUNICATIONS.
THE WAY WE NAVIGATE.
IF YOU HAVE EVER USED GPS.
THE WAY WE PRODUCE FOOD, I WAS
AT A SWIM MEET WITH MY KIDS JUST
LAST WEEKEND SITTING NEXT TO A
GUY THERE TO WATCH HIS GRAND
KIDS SWIM IN A MEET AND THE
GENTLEMEN IS A PARDON FARMER FRO
NEBRASKA.
AND HE'S LIKE, SO WHAT DO YOU
DO?
I SAID WELL, I WORK FOR NASA?
WHAT DO YOU FOR NASA?
I AM THE ADMINISTRATE ARE.
WHAT DOES THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR
DO?
WELL, I KIND OF RUN IT.
THINK.
[ LAUGHTER ]
>> AND HE WAS LIKE, OH, WELL,
THAT'S FANTASTIC AND HE STARTS
TECHNOLOGY THAT HE USES AS A
FARMER IN NEBRASKA TO HELP HIM
KNOW WHEN TO PLANT AND WHEN TO
HARVEST.
AND HOW IT'S IMPROVED THEIR
ABILITY TO PRODUCE FOOD.
WHICH IS A REALLY BIG PROBLEM
THAT WE ARE GOING TO CONTINUALLY
DEAL WITH.
HOW DO WE PRODUCE FOOD IN THE
QUANTITIES NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN
THE POPULATION AND SO HE'S
TELLING ME ABOUT THIS CONSORTIUM
OF HIM AND OTHER FARMERS AND
THAT THEY ARE EDUCATING OTHER
FARM ORES HOW TO USE NASA
TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THEIR
YIELDS AND THAT KIND OF THING.
AGAIN, IT WAS A FASCINATING
CONVERSATION.
BUT THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE, THE
WAY WE NAVIGATE, THE WHAT I WE
PRODUCE FOOD, THE WAY WE PRODUCE
ENERGY IN THIS COUNTRY, THE WAY
WE DO NATIONAL SECURITY AND
DEFENSE, WE TALKED ABOUT WEATHER
THE WAY WE PREDICT WEATHER.
THE WAY WE UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE
IN CLIMATE.
THE WAY WE DO BANKING IN THIS
COUNTRY IS IS DEPENDENT ON
SPACE, EVERY BANKING'S ACTIONTRA
IN THIS COUNTRY REQUIRES GPS
SAMING.
EVERY BANKING TRANSACTION, WHAT
DOES THAT MEAN?
IF WE LOSE GPS.
WE LOSE BANKING IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
IF WE LOSE GPS WITHIN THREE DAYS
THERE IS NOT MILK IN THE GROCERY
STORE.
THAT IS AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT TO
OUR COUNTRY.
HERE IS THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE.
WHILE WE ARE DID HE PENNANT ON
SPACE, THERE ARE UNFRIENDLY
KENDRYIES LANDING LAWN ANTI.
HACKING, SPOOFING, DAZZLING.
WHEN A COUNTRY BUILDS THEIR OWN
GPS CAPABILITY STATEMENT THEY
ARE DEVELOPING WAYS TO TAKE OUT
OUR GPS CAPABILITY.
OURS IS AVAILABLE TO THE ENTIRE
WORLDS AND FOR FREE.
WHY WOULD ANYBODY WANT TO TAKE
IT OUT?
BECAUSE THEY KNOW WE ARE
DEPENDENT ON IT.
WHEN THEY COUNTRIES CALL SPACE
THE AMERICANA KILL I'S HEEL, WE
HAVE TO TAKE THAT SERIOUS WILLLY
SO IN THE HOUSE OF KEPT TIFFS.
THERE IS A LOT OF GOING ON IN
SPACE THAT MAYERS MAKES IT A
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT AND THAT'S
JUST THE NATURE OF THE WORLD
THAT WE LIVE IN.
IN THE HOUSE IT ROWS TO THE
LEVEL WHERE WE NEEDED TO HAVE A
SEPARATE FORCE FOCUSED ON SPACE.
WE DO SCIENCE, EXPLORATION AND
DISCOVERY.
NASA IS NOT A WAR FIGHTING
AGENCY AND WE WILL NOT BE.
BUT I WILL TELL THROUGH FROM MY
PREVIOUS LIFE IN THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES, SPACE HAS TO BE
PROTECTED.
IT'S NOT BECAUSE WE WANT SPACE
TO BE THIS BENIGN, YOU KNOW,
PEACEFUL PLACE, THAT'S WHAT WE
WANT.
BUT THE ENEMY HERE GETS A VOTE.
AND THEY ARE VOTING RIGHT NOW.
AND THE QUESTION IS, ARE WE
READY FOR IT?
AND SO IN THE HOUSE, WE DECIDED,
LOOK, WE NEED TO HAVE A FORCE
THAT -- AND RIGHT NOW BY THE
WAY, THE SPACE FORCE EXISTS,
IT'S JUST INSIDE THE AIR FORCE,
RIGHT?
SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE AIR FORCE
SPACE COMMAND AND SPACE AND
MISSILE SYSTEMS CENTER, THAT
REPRESENTS IN ESSENCE
ORGANIZING, TRAINING AND
EQUIPPING.
WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT WHAT A
MILITARY FORCE DOES, ARMY, NAVY,
AIR FORCE, MARINES WHAT DO THEY
DO?
ORGANIZE, TRAIN AND EQUIP FORCES
FOR THE THEATERS IN WHICH THEY
FIGHT.
ORGANIZE, TRAIN, EQUIP.
THAT'S IT.
THEY DON'T FIGHT WARS.
MILITARY SERVICES DON'T FIGHT
WARS.
COMBATANT COMMANDS FIGHT WARS,
MILITARY SERVICES ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR ORGANIZING,
TRAINING AND EQUIPPING AND THEN
THOSE FORCES, WHEN I SAY
ORGANIZE, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
RECRUITING, TRAINING, IS GETTING
THEM TO TRAIN AND EQUIPPING THE
AIR FORCE SPACE AND MISSILE
SYSTEMS CENTER THEY DO THE
ACQUISITIONS FOR THE SPACE
CAPABILITIES FOR THE NATIONAL
SECURITY ELEMENT IF YOU WERE TO
CARVE THAT OUT OF THE AIR FORCE,
GIVE IT ITS OWN FOUR STAR
GENERAL OR ADMIRAL ON THE JOINT
CHIEFS OF STAFF AND GIVE IT ITS
OWN SERVICE SECRETARY ACCOUNT
YOU HAVE IN EN ESSENCE CREATED A
SPACE FORCE BY CARVING IT OUT OF
THE AIR FORCE BUT NOW IT HAS ITS
OWN BUDGET LINE ON THE JOINT
CHIEFS OF STAFF AND ITS OWN
SERVICE SECRETARY REPORTING TO
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, IN MY
VIEW, SPACE NOW RISES TO THAT
LEVEL OF PROTECTION.
WE ARE ALREADY DOING IT AS A
COUNTRY, THE QUESTION IS DO WE
NEED TO GO TO THAT NEXT LEVEL
AND IN MY VIEW AND THE VIEW OF
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
THE ANSWER WAS YES.
WE NEED TODAY DO THAT.
NEEDED TO DO THAT.
WE CALLED IT THE SPACE CORPS.
WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE MARINE
CORPS THEY REPORT TO THE
SECRETARY OF NAVY IT.
DOESN'T HAVE ITS OWN SERVICE
SECRETARY THAT'S HOW WE
ORGANIZED IT BECAUSE WE DIDN'T
WANT TO PULL THE BAND-AID OFF
TOO HARD WE WANTED A SEPARATE
SPACE CORPS REPORTING TO THE
SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AND
LARGELY FALL UNDER THE BUDGE THE
LEAN
LINE OF THE AIR AIR FORCE, THAT
THE YU IDEA.
IF YOU LOOK AT HOW DEPENDENT WE
ARE ON SPACE AND IF YOU LOOK AT
THE THREATS PRO LIVE RATEING IN
MY VIEW AND THE VIEW OF A LOT OF
OTHERS IT WAS TIME DO CREATE
THIS SEPARATE SPACE FORCE.
NOW, I AM A BIG ADVOCATE OF IT.
I HAVE BEEN FOR YEARS.
HOW DOES IT RELATE TO NASA IS
THE QUESTION?
ANSWER IS IT IS IS IT DOESN'T MI
OTHER THAT THAT, WE HAVE
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF
ASSETS THAT NEED TO BE
PROTECTED.
IF AN ORGANIZATION CAN FIGURE
HOWE OUT IF THERE IS AN ANOMALY
ON A SATELLITE.
WAS IT AN ACCIDENT.
WAS IT THE SATELLITE OR CAN WE
ATTRIBUTE TO A HOSTILE ACTOR.
RIGHT NOW THAT'S DIFFICULT TO
DETERMINE.
IF WE CAN HAVE THAT LEGAL OF
GRANULARITY THE OTHER THING IS
THIS, WE ACTUALLY HAVE HUMAN
LIVES AT STAKE UP THERE.
SO IF THINGS GO KINETIC IN
SPACE, WHICH WE ALL WANT TO
PREVENT THAT FROM HAPPENING, TO
THE EXTENT THAT OUR SPACE FORCE
IS EFFECTIVE, IT NEEDS TO BE
EFFECTIVE IN A SENSE THAT
EVERYTHING IT DOES IS
REVERSIBLE.
IN OTHER WORDS, WE ARE NOT GOING
TO CREATE MASSIVE DEBRIS FIELDS
IN SPACE.
YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO USE
TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE THIR
SATELLITES OR THEIR CAPABILITIES
NOT EFFECTIVE.
BUT ALSO NOT CREATE MASSIVE
DEBRIS FIELDS.
THOSE TECHNOLOGIES AND
CAPABILITY ARE WHAT WE SHOULD BE
FOCUSING ON.
AT THE END OF THE DAY, THE SPACE
FORCE GETS A LOT OF ATTENTION
BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT KEEPS
TALKING ABOUT IT, BUT HE'S RIGHT
AND I AM BEING BRUTALLY HONEST,
IT IS NOT A FUNNY THING IT'S
VERY SERIOUS AND WE NEED TO TAKE
SERIOUSLY.
>> THANK YOU.
LET PLEA SUGGEST THIS.
I WILL ASK MY KNEW BEST FRIEND
UP IN THE CONTROL BOOTH WE WILL
SKIP THE NEXT QUESTION AND GO TO
THE QUESTION AFTER THAT MUCH
WHILE HE'S GETTING THAT READY.
I WAS KIND OF KIDDING WHEN I
SAID I KNEW I WOULD LOVE THAT
QUESTION.
BUT AS YOU CAN TELL, HE'S VERY
PASSIONATE ABOUT IT.
AND I FOUND THAT HE WAS SHARING
A SIMILAR ANSWER TO OUR SENIOR
LEADERS AFTER IT CAME OUT A
COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO.
AND IT'S VERY HELPFUL BECAUSE I
WENT HOME THAT WEEKEN AND PEOPLE
ASKED ME ABOUT THE SPACE FORCE
AND I REPEATED SOME OF THE
THINGS THAT YOU JUST HEARD HERE.
SO, AGAIN, THIS IS ANOTHER
CHANCE FOR YOU TO BE AMBASSADORS
OF HOW DO THESE PIECES FIT
TOGETHER.
>> AS YOU ARE AN AMBASSADOR, BE
CLEAR, NASA DOESN'T FIGHT WARS.
AND WE ARE NOT GOING TO.
WE WERE INTENTIONALLY DESIGNED
BY DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER TO BE
SEPARATE FROM THE MILITARY FORCE
AT A TIME WHEN THERE WAS A LOT
OF PRESSURE TO ENCOURAGE NASA TO
BE PART OF THE MILITARY AND
DWIGHT EISENHOWER SAID
ABSOLUTELY NOT.
WE WANT A PEACEFUL AGENCY THAT
DOESN'T GET INVOLVED IN ANY OF
THE WAR FIGHTING EFFORTS.
YOU HAVE RUSSIA AND THE UNITED
STATES, THE RELATIONSHIP CAN
FALL APART ON EARTH AND WE CAN
STILL COLLABORATE IN SPACE.
AS A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES AFTER THE
INVASION OF CRIMEA, THERE WAS A
SANK BILL AFTER SANK BILL, AFTER
SANK BILL AGAINST RUSSIA.
AND GUESS WHAT, ONE OF THEM
PASSED.
IT PASSED OVERWHELMINGLY.
BUT IT'S ALSO TRUE THAT SPACE
FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES WAS CARVED
OUT INTENTIONALLY, BECAUSE WE
KNOW THAT THIS REPRESENTS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE A DIALOGUE
THAT WHEN ALL OTHER
OPPORTUNITIES FALL APART, WE CAN
STILL HAVE A DIALOGUE AS IT
RELATES TO PEACEFUL OPERATIONS
IN SPACE.
THAT IS WHAT NASA REPRESENTS.
SO TO THE EXTENT THAT WE ARE A
POWER, NASA IS A SOFT POWER.
WE ARE AN AGENCY THAT PEOPLE ALL
AROUND THE WORLD WANT TO PARTNER
WITH AND IT OPENS UP A DIALOGUE
THAT OTHERWISE WE WOULDN'T BE
ABLE TO HAVE.
SO WE ARE NOT PART OF THE SPACE
FORCE, IN FACT, OUR FORCE IS
SOFT POWER.
AND DIPLOMACY, WHICH I THINK IS
IMPORTANT.
>> SO THIS IS OUR LAST QUESTION
FROM HERE IN THE ROOM.
FROM KELLY.
>> HI, MY NAME IS CHRISTIAN
RODRIGUEZ.
I AM DOING INTERNSHIP IN WALL
UPS FLIGHT FACILITY ALSO
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT FROM THE
[ INAUDIBLE ] MY QUESTION IS,
WITH THE RECENT HUGE INCREASE IN
THE INTEREST OF SPACE, WILL HAVE
HAVE ANY ADVICE FOR THE UPCOMING
YOUNG PROFESSIONALS ON WHO
DREAMS TO WORK FOR NASA ON HOW
TO STANDOUT FROM THE CROWD?
>> OH, GOOD, YEAH, ANOTHER GOOD
QUESTION.
SO I THINK YOU IDENTIFIED
SOMETHING THAT IS IMPORTANT.
NASA BUDGETS ARE GOING UP AND
THAT'S A GOOD THING.
SO THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
REQUEST FOR NASA WAS A BILLION
DOLLARS HIGHER THAN BEFORE.
SO WHEN YOUR BUDGET IS LESS THAN
20 BILLION AND IT GOES UP BY I A
BILLION DOLLARS IN THE PRESS'
BUDGET REQUEST, BOY, THAT MAKES
MY JOB AS THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR
VERY GOOD.
IT MAKES IT EASIER, I AM NOT
HAVING TO MAKE DID YOU HAVE
DECISIONS I AM MAKING DID YOU
HAVE DECISIONS, WE ARE ALL
MAKING DID YOU HAVE DECISIONS,
BUT THEY ARE DECISIONS ON THE
GOOD SIDE RATHER THAN ANOTHER
BAD SIDE.
THAT'S NUMBER ONE.
WHAT'S EVERYBODY BETTER IS THE
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST GOES
TO CONGRESS AND THEY LOOK AT IT
AND THEY SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, WE
ARE GOING TO GO EVERYBODY
700 MILLION ABOVE THAT.
SO YOU HAVE BIPARTISAN SUPPORT
IN CONGRESS FOR NASA, YOU HAVE
AN ADMINISTRATION THAT'S VERY
SUPPORTIVE OF CONGRESS.
LITTLE AWKWARD FOR ME BECAUSE
THE PRESIDENT IS UPPING THE
BUDGET BY A -- $1 BILLION, AND
THEN I GO CONGRESS AND BY THE
TIME I GET THERE TO ADVOCATE FOR
THE HIGHER BUDGET THEY HAVE
ALREADY UPPED IT 700 MILLION OFF
TOP OF THAT.
SO NOW IT LOOKS LIKE I AM
ADVOCATING FOR A CUT WHICH ISN'T
WHAT I AM DOING AT ALL.
SO HERE IS THE THING.
PEOPLE ARE EXCITED ABOUT SPACE
AND THE HOUSE OF HOUSE OF RPRESE
ALL A IS CONTRACT COUNTRY.
I WAS TAKE ABOUT THE SWIM MEET I
WAS AT THE OTHER DAY AND THE
FARMER THERE WERE THREE PEOPLE
THERE JUST RANDOMLY WEARING NASA
SHIRTS.
HAVE YOU GUYS NOTICED THIS?
THE NASA BRAND IS ALL OVER THE
PLACE.
AND IT'S GROWING.
AND IT'S PHENOMENAL.
AND SO THESE ARE REALLY GOOD
THINGS.
PEOPLE ARE EXCITED ABOUT SPACE.
THEY ARE EXCITED ABOUT GOING TO
THE MOON.
THEY ARE EXCITED ABOUT
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS.
THE PUGH RESEARCH POLL PEOPLE
ASKED WAS THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION A GOOD INVESTMENT.
80%.
PEOPLE SAY YES. YOU DON'T FIND
THAT AGREEMENT EVER IN THE
POLITICAL ARENA.
72% OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE SAY
THAT THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA SHOULD BE THE WORLD'S
LEADER IN SPACE.
THESE ARE ONES OF THINGS THAT
ARE HAPPENING.
SO YOUR QUESTION, AND YOU HAVE
IDENTIFIED THAT, YOU IDENTIFIED
THAT AT THE BEGINNING OF YOUR
QUESTION, BUT I THINK WHAT IS
IMPORTANT IS HOW DO YOU
DIFFERENTIATE YOURSELF.
AND I'LL GO BACK TO WHAT I SAID
EARLIER.
AND THIS APPLIES TO WHENEVER YOU
ARE, WHETHER YOU ARE AT NASA OR
SOMEWHERE ELSE.
AND HERE IS THE CHALLENGE.
YOU ASKED ME THAT QUESTION IN
FRONT OF ALL OF YOUR PEERS, SO
NOW YOU ARE NOT GOING TO BE ABLE
TO DIFFERENTIATE YOURSELF
BECAUSE EVERYBODY HAS THE SAME
INFORMATION.
BUT I WILL TELL YOU THIS AND
THIS MATTERS FOR WHENEVER YOU GO
NEXT AND WHENEVER YOU ARE, IT
GOES BACK TO THE GUIDANCE I GOT
AS A YOUNG JUNIOR OFFICER IN THE
UNITED STATES MILITARY, THERE IS
ONE THING THAT MATTERS MORE THAN
ANYTHING ELSE, AND THAT IS JUST
SIMPLY SUSTAINED SUPERIOR
PERFORMANCE.
WHENEVER YOU ARE, AND WHATEVER
YOU ARE DOING, IF YOU FOCUS ON
DOING THE ABSOLUTE BEST YOU CAN
DO, WHERE YOU ARE, AND TAKING
YOUR JOB VERY SERIOUSLY, DOESN'T
MEAN DON'T HAVE FUN, BUT TAKE IT
SERIOUSLY, GET YOUR JOB DONE AND
PROVE THAT YOU CAN SUSTAIN
SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE AMONG THE
YOUR PEERS, WHENEVER YOU ARE,
YOU ARE GOING TO FIND A LOT OF
SUCCESS.
SO THAT WOULD BE MY ABSOLUTE
BEST GUIDANCE TO YOU.
>> SO THAT WAS OUR LAST QUESTION
BACK TO YOU TO ANY CLOSING
REMARKS BEFORE WE WRAP UP?
>> ABSOLUTELY.
THANK YOU.
WHAT AN AMAZING DAY.
AGAIN, SOME AMAZING, 1680, IS
THAT WHAT IT IS?
1680 INTERNS AT NASA OVER THE
COURSE OF THE SUMMER.
AND I REALLY HOPE THAT YOU ARE
USE THIS IS AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO
DELVE IN TO THE THINGS THAT YOU
CARE ABOUT.
AND YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO
DO SOE REALLY DIFFICULT THINGS
AND WE WANT ALL OF THAT TO
HAPPEN.
WE WANT YOU GUYS TO NOT JUST
HAVE SOMETHING TO PUT ON YOUR
RESUME.
BUT WE WANT EXPERIENCE.
WE WANT BULLET POINTS UNDER
THAT.
THAT SAY WHAT YOU DID.
AND HOW HARD IT WAS.
BECAUSE THAT'S REALLY WHAT YOU
ARE GETTING OUT OF THIS.
SO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE DOING
HARD STFF THAT YOU ARE GETTING
GREAT EXPERIENCE.
AND MORE THAN EVEN THAT, MAKE
SURE YOU ARE BUILDING
RELATIONSHIPS AND FRIENDSHIPS
THAT WILL LAST A LIFETIME.
AND STAY IN TOUCH WITH EACH
OTHER WHEN YOU LEAVE HERE.
AND I CAN'T EMPHASIZE HOW
IMPORTANT THAT IS AS WELL.
GET TO KNOW A HANDFUL OF FOLKS
AS WELL AS YOU CAN GET TO KNOW
FOLKS DURING THE COURSE OF THE
SUMMER, AND THEN STAY IN TOUCH.
RECONVENE, AND HAVE GREAT
RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE REST OF
YOUR LIVES.
SO WITH THAT, I JUST WANT TO SAY
WHAT AN HONOR IT IS TO BE HERE,
CONGRATULATIONS ON HAVING THE
BEST INTERNSHIP IN THE COUNTRY
AND USE IT.
USE IT AS YOU GO FORWARD.
THANK YOU ALL SO MUCH.
[ APPLAUSE ]
[video with no audio content]