1 00:00:16,149 --> 00:00:19,219 >> SCIENTISTS ARE UNRAVELING THE 2 00:00:19,219 --> 00:00:20,320 SCIENCE OF THE FIRES. 3 00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:22,622 >> THE KEY FACTOR, HOW CAN WE 4 00:00:22,622 --> 00:00:25,458 MAKE USE OF OUR NASA DATA? 5 00:00:25,458 --> 00:00:27,761 >> NASA IS WORKING TO HELP FIRST 6 00:00:27,761 --> 00:00:29,963 RESPONDERS. 7 00:00:29,963 --> 00:00:33,199 >> WE HAD NO VISUAL OF WHICH 8 00:00:33,199 --> 00:00:35,735 FIRES WERE BURNING WHERE. 9 00:00:35,735 --> 00:00:38,838 >> TRACK SMOKE THAT HARMS HUMAN 10 00:00:38,838 --> 00:00:39,339 HEALTH. 11 00:00:39,339 --> 00:00:40,740 >> WE HAVE TO LEARN FROM THIS. 12 00:00:40,740 --> 00:00:43,977 >> AND UNDERSTANDS THE IMPACTS. 13 00:00:43,977 --> 00:00:50,817 >> WE WANT TO STUDY THE EARTH. 14 00:00:50,817 --> 00:00:54,654 >> WE NEED TO ANSWER ONE OF 15 00:00:54,654 --> 00:01:01,494 SCIENCE'S BIGGEST QUESTIONS. 16 00:01:01,494 --> 00:01:02,829 >> Leslie: HELLO AND WELCOME TO 17 00:01:02,829 --> 00:01:05,031 NASA LIVE SCIENCE, AN 18 00:01:05,031 --> 00:01:06,332 OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU TO COME 19 00:01:06,332 --> 00:01:08,168 BEHIND THE SCENES AND GET TO 20 00:01:08,168 --> 00:01:10,336 KNOW YOUR SPACE AGENT U.S. I'M 21 00:01:10,336 --> 00:01:13,073 YOUR HOST, LESLIE GARRISON. 22 00:01:13,073 --> 00:01:14,374 THIS IS ABOUT YOU BEING ABLE TO 23 00:01:14,374 --> 00:01:15,975 INTERACT AND CONNECT WITH OUR 24 00:01:15,975 --> 00:01:17,677 SCIENTISTS AND SUBJECT MATTER 25 00:01:17,677 --> 00:01:19,979 EXPERTS TO ASK QUESTIONS AND GET 26 00:01:19,979 --> 00:01:21,381 THE ANSWERS. 27 00:01:21,381 --> 00:01:22,782 VISIT US DURING THE BROADCAST ON 28 00:01:22,782 --> 00:01:24,317 Facebook OR TWITTER AND ASK US 29 00:01:24,317 --> 00:01:31,357 QUESTIONS USING THE #ASKNASA. 30 00:01:31,357 --> 00:01:32,992 YOU CAN LEAVE A COMMENT BELOW. 31 00:01:32,992 --> 00:01:34,494 YOU SEE THE BOX? 32 00:01:34,494 --> 00:01:35,895 GOOD JOB. 33 00:01:35,895 --> 00:01:37,097 TODAY WE'LL BE TALKING ABOUT 34 00:01:37,097 --> 00:01:37,997 FIRES. 35 00:01:37,997 --> 00:01:40,934 DID YOU KNOW THAT AT ANY GIVEN 36 00:01:40,934 --> 00:01:42,535 TIME THERE ARE MULTIPLE FIRES 37 00:01:42,535 --> 00:01:44,437 BURNING ACROSS THE GLOBE. 38 00:01:44,437 --> 00:01:45,472 WE'LL DISCUSS THE REAL SCIENCE 39 00:01:45,472 --> 00:01:46,372 OF FIRE. 40 00:01:46,372 --> 00:01:48,575 WE'LL LOOK AT HOW NASA MONITORS 41 00:01:48,575 --> 00:01:51,010 AND TRACKS FIRES, HOW THE DATA 42 00:01:51,010 --> 00:01:53,513 IS USED IN PREDICTION, RESPONSE 43 00:01:53,513 --> 00:01:55,215 AND RECOVERY AND HAVE THE 44 00:01:55,215 --> 00:01:57,851 OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK TO A NASA 45 00:01:57,851 --> 00:01:59,953 ASTRONAUT ABOUT HOW STUDYING 46 00:01:59,953 --> 00:02:02,589 FIRE IN SPACE COULD HELP US ON 47 00:02:02,589 --> 00:02:03,690 EARTH. 48 00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:06,292 LET'S BEGIN. 49 00:02:06,292 --> 00:02:08,628 OUR FIRST STOP IS TO ONE OF OUR 50 00:02:08,628 --> 00:02:09,796 NASA LAB. 51 00:02:09,796 --> 00:02:11,664 WE LEARNED ABOUT THE REAL 52 00:02:11,664 --> 00:02:12,665 SCIENCE OF FIRE. 53 00:02:12,665 --> 00:02:13,867 JOSH, TAKE IT AWAY. 54 00:02:13,867 --> 00:02:15,702 >> TODAY I'M GOING TO TALK TO 55 00:02:15,702 --> 00:02:16,769 YOU ABOUT FIRE. 56 00:02:16,769 --> 00:02:23,910 IT REQUIRES HEAT, OXYGEN AND 57 00:02:23,910 --> 00:02:25,645 FUEL TO PRODUCE A FLAME. 58 00:02:25,645 --> 00:02:27,747 IN THE CASE OF THIS CANDLE, I 59 00:02:27,747 --> 00:02:29,349 ADDED HEAT TO A FUEL WHICH IS 60 00:02:29,349 --> 00:02:34,087 THE CANDLE WAX TO PRODUCE THIS 61 00:02:34,087 --> 00:02:34,888 FLAME. 62 00:02:34,888 --> 00:02:36,322 THIS FLAME, NOT BEING AN 63 00:02:36,322 --> 00:02:39,125 ELEMENT, IS THOSE COMBUSTION 64 00:02:39,125 --> 00:02:41,661 BYPRODUCTS OR GASSES THAT ARE SO 65 00:02:41,661 --> 00:02:42,962 HOT THAT THEY ARE GLOWING 66 00:02:42,962 --> 00:02:45,965 VISIBLE TO YOUR EYES. 67 00:02:45,965 --> 00:02:47,367 WAX IS BURNING AND PRODUCING A 68 00:02:47,367 --> 00:02:48,501 BLUE COLOR. 69 00:02:48,501 --> 00:02:49,802 IF YOU LOOK AT THE BASE OF THE 70 00:02:49,802 --> 00:02:51,104 FLAME, THERE IS BLUE AT THE 71 00:02:51,104 --> 00:02:51,804 BOTTOM. 72 00:02:51,804 --> 00:02:53,940 AT THAT FLAME PROGRESSES UPWARD, 73 00:02:53,940 --> 00:02:55,742 IT PICKS UP SMALL PARTICLES 74 00:02:55,742 --> 00:03:00,180 EMITTED BY THE CANDLE WICK. 75 00:03:00,180 --> 00:03:01,581 THE HOTTER THEY GET, THE COLOR 76 00:03:01,581 --> 00:03:02,982 WILL CHANGE. 77 00:03:02,982 --> 00:03:04,784 ABOVE THAT, THE FLAME SEEMS TO 78 00:03:04,784 --> 00:03:05,818 DISAPPEAR. 79 00:03:05,818 --> 00:03:07,120 THE PARTICLES ARE NO LONGER 80 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:08,855 EMITTING LIGHT THAT IS VISIBLE 81 00:03:08,855 --> 00:03:10,290 TO OUR EYES. 82 00:03:10,290 --> 00:03:11,691 JUST BECAUSE IT'S NOT VISIBLE TO 83 00:03:11,691 --> 00:03:13,893 OUR EYES DOESN'T MEAN IT'S STILL 84 00:03:13,893 --> 00:03:15,028 NOT HOT. 85 00:03:15,028 --> 00:03:16,396 TO DEMONSTRATE THE FACT THIS 86 00:03:16,396 --> 00:03:17,697 FLAME IS THERE, EVEN THOUGH YOU 87 00:03:17,697 --> 00:03:19,399 CAN NO LONGER SEE IT, I WILL 88 00:03:19,399 --> 00:03:20,900 TAKE THIS PIECE OF PAPER AND I 89 00:03:20,900 --> 00:03:23,336 WILL HOLD IT ABOVE THE CANDLE. 90 00:03:23,336 --> 00:03:27,173 PAPER LIKES TO BURN AT 450° 91 00:03:27,173 --> 00:03:28,775 BECAUSE THE PAPER IS NOT 92 00:03:28,775 --> 00:03:30,877 TOUCHING THE FLAME, VISIBLE PART 93 00:03:30,877 --> 00:03:32,812 OF THE FLAME, BUT BURNING NOW, 94 00:03:32,812 --> 00:03:34,113 YOU CAN SEE THAT THE FLAME IS 95 00:03:34,113 --> 00:03:37,617 QUITE HOT AT THIS POINT. 96 00:03:37,617 --> 00:03:39,852 SMOKE, BY THE WAY, LOOKS LIKE A 97 00:03:39,852 --> 00:03:40,653 GAS. 98 00:03:40,653 --> 00:03:42,055 SMOKE IS NOT A GAS. 99 00:03:42,055 --> 00:03:43,890 SMOKE IS TINY PARTICLES OF SOOT 100 00:03:43,890 --> 00:03:48,294 AND CHAR THAT ARE BEING OMITTED 101 00:03:48,294 --> 00:03:49,429 INTO THE AIR. 102 00:03:49,429 --> 00:03:51,264 THEY ARE SO SMALL, THEY FLOAT UP 103 00:03:51,264 --> 00:03:52,365 INTO THE AIR. 104 00:03:52,365 --> 00:03:53,166 EVERYONE IS FAMILIAR WITH 105 00:03:53,166 --> 00:03:54,167 CAMPFIRES. 106 00:03:54,167 --> 00:03:55,902 YOU UNDERSTAND WHEN YOU TRY TO 107 00:03:55,902 --> 00:03:57,804 LIGHT A WET PIECE OF WOOD, IT'S 108 00:03:57,804 --> 00:04:00,039 DIFFICULT TO GET THE CAMPFIRE 109 00:04:00,039 --> 00:04:01,441 GOING. 110 00:04:01,441 --> 00:04:02,008 THERE IS A REASON FOR THIS. 111 00:04:02,008 --> 00:04:03,643 A LOT OF THE HEAT IS ABSORBED BY 112 00:04:03,643 --> 00:04:06,112 THE WATER RATHER THAN BY THE 113 00:04:06,112 --> 00:04:07,714 WOOD WHICH WOULD ELEVATE THE 114 00:04:07,714 --> 00:04:09,882 TEMPERATURE OF THE WOOD TO ITS 115 00:04:09,882 --> 00:04:12,085 IGNITION TEMPERATURE AND BEGIN 116 00:04:12,085 --> 00:04:13,186 BURNING. 117 00:04:13,186 --> 00:04:14,887 I CAN DEMONSTRATE THIS BY TAKING 118 00:04:14,887 --> 00:04:17,090 THE PAPER AND PROVIDING A HEAT 119 00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:17,890 SOURCE. 120 00:04:17,890 --> 00:04:20,693 I READILY REACHED THE 450° 121 00:04:20,693 --> 00:04:22,028 TEMPERATURE REQUIRED FOR THIS 122 00:04:22,028 --> 00:04:24,230 IGNITION TO HAPPEN AND THE PAPER 123 00:04:24,230 --> 00:04:25,431 BURNS READILY. 124 00:04:25,431 --> 00:04:27,267 NOT A SURPRISE. 125 00:04:27,267 --> 00:04:28,468 I WILL TAKE A SIMILAR PIECE OF 126 00:04:28,468 --> 00:04:30,870 PAPER, DIP IT IN WATER. 127 00:04:30,870 --> 00:04:32,672 NOTICE NOW THAT MOST OF THIS 128 00:04:32,672 --> 00:04:35,508 ENERGY IS BEING ABSORBED BY THE 129 00:04:35,508 --> 00:04:37,410 WATER AND NOT BY THE PAPER. 130 00:04:37,410 --> 00:04:38,511 THE TEMPERATURE OF THE PAPER IS 131 00:04:38,511 --> 00:04:40,346 STILL RELATIVELY COOL. 132 00:04:40,346 --> 00:04:46,085 UNDERSTANDING THESE FUNDAMENTALS 133 00:04:46,085 --> 00:04:49,088 HELP DETECT FIRE. 134 00:04:49,088 --> 00:04:52,725 IF IT'S WET, RAINY OR HUMID, IT 135 00:04:52,725 --> 00:04:57,363 DECREASES THE CHANCE OF BURNING. 136 00:04:57,363 --> 00:04:58,665 UNDERSTANDING THESE FUNDAMENTALS 137 00:04:58,665 --> 00:05:01,668 HELPS FIRE EXPERTS TO FIGHT 138 00:05:01,668 --> 00:05:02,702 WILDFIRE. 139 00:05:02,702 --> 00:05:07,307 BACK TO YOU, LESLIE. 140 00:05:07,307 --> 00:05:08,608 >> Leslie: NOW, HERE TO HELP US 141 00:05:08,608 --> 00:05:10,076 TAKE THAT SCIENCE AND APPLY IT 142 00:05:10,076 --> 00:05:12,378 TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING WHAT 143 00:05:12,378 --> 00:05:15,415 IT'S LIKE WHAT REALLY HAPPENS IN 144 00:05:15,415 --> 00:05:23,323 VARIOUS LOCATIONS ON EARTH ARE 145 00:05:23,323 --> 00:05:27,660 AMBER SOJA AND DOUG MORTON. 146 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:28,961 I WANT TO GLEAN FROM YOUR 147 00:05:28,961 --> 00:05:30,997 EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE. 148 00:05:30,997 --> 00:05:31,998 WE HAVE QUESTIONS WE WANT TO 149 00:05:31,998 --> 00:05:32,699 ASK. 150 00:05:32,699 --> 00:05:34,100 HOPEFULLY YOU WILL BE ABLE TO 151 00:05:34,100 --> 00:05:36,135 CLEAR SOME DARK SPACES OR CLOUDY 152 00:05:36,135 --> 00:05:37,737 SPACES FOR US. 153 00:05:37,737 --> 00:05:38,037 HERE WE ARE. 154 00:05:38,037 --> 00:05:38,938 WE JUST LEARNED ABOUT THE 155 00:05:38,938 --> 00:05:40,640 SCIENCE OF FIRE, AMBER. 156 00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:42,975 HOW DO WE APPLY THE SCIENCE OF 157 00:05:42,975 --> 00:05:44,677 FIRE TO WHAT HAPPENS HERE ON 158 00:05:44,677 --> 00:05:45,378 EARTH? 159 00:05:45,378 --> 00:05:48,114 >> NASA NOT ONLY INVESTIGATES 160 00:05:48,114 --> 00:05:50,316 THE STARS, BUT WE ALSO FOCUS ON 161 00:05:50,316 --> 00:05:52,352 OUR HOME PLANET, EARTH. 162 00:05:52,352 --> 00:05:53,853 FIRE SCIENCE IS ONE OF THOSE KEY 163 00:05:53,853 --> 00:05:55,254 SUBJECT AREAS. 164 00:05:55,254 --> 00:05:57,857 WE COULD PROBABLY BREAK DOWN 165 00:05:57,857 --> 00:05:59,992 WHAT WE PROVIDE IN TERMS OF 166 00:05:59,992 --> 00:06:02,695 SATELLITE DATA INFORMATION, IN 167 00:06:02,695 --> 00:06:05,531 TERMS OF PRE-FIRE, ACTIVE FIRE, 168 00:06:05,531 --> 00:06:08,668 POST-FIRE AND ALSO FEEDBACKS 169 00:06:08,668 --> 00:06:10,703 BETWEEN FIRE AND OUR EARTH'S 170 00:06:10,703 --> 00:06:11,704 SYSTEM. 171 00:06:11,704 --> 00:06:14,307 ONE EXAMPLE OF THOSE IS HOW 172 00:06:14,307 --> 00:06:16,242 BLACK CARBON COULD LAND ON SNOW 173 00:06:16,242 --> 00:06:18,411 AND ICE FORCING IT TO MELT MORE 174 00:06:18,411 --> 00:06:20,713 QUICKLY. 175 00:06:20,713 --> 00:06:22,148 >> Leslie: THAT'S IMPRESSIVE. 176 00:06:22,148 --> 00:06:23,750 DID YOU KNOW, DOUG, MOST PEOPLE 177 00:06:23,750 --> 00:06:26,085 THINK OF NASA AS JUST A SPACE 178 00:06:26,085 --> 00:06:27,487 AGENCY. 179 00:06:27,487 --> 00:06:29,589 HOWEVER, NASA'S EARTH SCIENCE IS 180 00:06:29,589 --> 00:06:32,225 JUST AS IMPORTANT AS OUR SPACE 181 00:06:32,225 --> 00:06:33,126 SCIENCE. 182 00:06:33,126 --> 00:06:35,128 HOW CAN NASA'S UNIQUE 183 00:06:35,128 --> 00:06:37,163 PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH INFORM 184 00:06:37,163 --> 00:06:38,965 THE GENERAL PUBLIC ABOUT FIRES? 185 00:06:38,965 --> 00:06:41,067 >> SO, LESLIE, WE HAVE MORE THAN 186 00:06:41,067 --> 00:06:43,202 20 INSTRUMENTS IN ORBIT 187 00:06:43,202 --> 00:06:44,203 INCLUDING THE INTERNATIONAL 188 00:06:44,203 --> 00:06:45,605 SPACE STATION. 189 00:06:45,605 --> 00:06:51,144 EACH ONE TAKES MEASUREMENTS THAT 190 00:06:51,144 --> 00:06:53,346 HELP US UNDERSTAND THE PLANET AS 191 00:06:53,346 --> 00:06:54,447 A WHOLE. 192 00:06:54,447 --> 00:06:56,883 AS A SCIENTIST HERE, ONE OF MY 193 00:06:56,883 --> 00:06:58,484 JOBS IS TO TAKE DIFFERENT PARTS 194 00:06:58,484 --> 00:07:00,420 OF THE PUZZLE AND PUT THEM 195 00:07:00,420 --> 00:07:01,421 TOGETHER. 196 00:07:01,421 --> 00:07:03,222 LOOKING CAREFULLY AT AREAS ARE 197 00:07:03,222 --> 00:07:05,024 BURNING, WHERE THE SMOKE WILL GO 198 00:07:05,024 --> 00:07:07,160 TOMORROW AND HOW THE SMOKE WILL 199 00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:09,796 LAST FOR WEEKS AND DECADES CAN 200 00:07:09,796 --> 00:07:11,531 CHANGE OUR PLANET. 201 00:07:11,531 --> 00:07:13,032 >> Leslie: THAT'S AWESOME. 202 00:07:13,032 --> 00:07:14,133 WE HAVE SPARKED INTEREST FROM 203 00:07:14,133 --> 00:07:15,635 OUR VIEWERS. 204 00:07:15,635 --> 00:07:18,337 LET'S TAKE QUESTIONS FROM 205 00:07:18,337 --> 00:07:20,740 #ASKNASA. 206 00:07:20,740 --> 00:07:23,476 QUESTION ONE IS JESSIE FROM 207 00:07:23,476 --> 00:07:24,977 TWITTER SAYS HOW BIG ARE THE 208 00:07:24,977 --> 00:07:26,579 FIRES WE CAN SEE FROM SPACE? 209 00:07:26,579 --> 00:07:27,914 >> THAT'S AN INTERESTING 210 00:07:27,914 --> 00:07:28,915 QUESTION. 211 00:07:28,915 --> 00:07:30,416 SOME PEOPLE WILL SAY A METER BY 212 00:07:30,416 --> 00:07:32,852 A METER, WE CAN SEE SMOKE 213 00:07:32,852 --> 00:07:33,753 STACKS. 214 00:07:33,753 --> 00:07:36,456 THAT'S A HOTSPOT IN SPACE. 215 00:07:36,456 --> 00:07:38,357 OTHER PEOPLE WILL DEFINE IT AS 216 00:07:38,357 --> 00:07:42,094 AN ENVELOPE OF POSSIBILITIES, 217 00:07:42,094 --> 00:07:45,631 DEPENDING ON HOW HOT AND WIDE A 218 00:07:45,631 --> 00:07:50,136 FIRE IS AND IF WE ARE OVERHEAD. 219 00:07:50,136 --> 00:07:51,571 WE CAN SEE A SMOKE STACK OR 220 00:07:51,571 --> 00:07:54,474 SMALL AGRICULTURE FIRES. 221 00:07:54,474 --> 00:07:56,876 IN A WILDFIRE WE SEE A LINE OF 222 00:07:56,876 --> 00:07:59,111 BURNING AS FIRES MOVE ACROSS THE 223 00:07:59,111 --> 00:08:00,713 LANDSCAPE. 224 00:08:00,713 --> 00:08:02,248 >> Leslie: SO NATALIE FROM 225 00:08:02,248 --> 00:08:04,650 Facebook SAYS WHAT CAN WE SEE 226 00:08:04,650 --> 00:08:07,487 WHEN FLYING IN PLANES? 227 00:08:07,487 --> 00:08:10,022 >> NASA HAS A LOT OF ACTIVITY 228 00:08:10,022 --> 00:08:12,225 RIGHT NOW. 229 00:08:12,225 --> 00:08:17,730 IT'S BEEN AN ACTIVE SUMMER. 230 00:08:17,730 --> 00:08:19,131 WE'LL BE FLYING IN SOUTHEAST 231 00:08:19,131 --> 00:08:20,967 ASIA TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE SMOKE 232 00:08:20,967 --> 00:08:23,603 CAN CHANGE THE TROPICAL MONSOON. 233 00:08:23,603 --> 00:08:26,506 FROM NASA'S VANTAGE POINT, 234 00:08:26,506 --> 00:08:29,242 CHASING SMOKE PLUMES, WE CAN 235 00:08:29,242 --> 00:08:31,544 TAKE MEASUREMENTS TO UNDERSTAND 236 00:08:31,544 --> 00:08:33,546 HOW THE SMOKE CHANGES AND 237 00:08:33,546 --> 00:08:35,381 IMPACTING PEOPLE WITH AIR 238 00:08:35,381 --> 00:08:36,782 QUALITY CONCERNS THAT LIVE 239 00:08:36,782 --> 00:08:37,884 THOUSANDS OF MILES FROM THE 240 00:08:37,884 --> 00:08:38,985 FIRES. 241 00:08:38,985 --> 00:08:40,620 >> Leslie: REALLY NICE. 242 00:08:40,620 --> 00:08:43,723 SO WE'LL GO BACK TO OUR EXPERTS. 243 00:08:43,723 --> 00:08:45,925 NASA HELP SEARCH HAS BEEN IN THE 244 00:08:45,925 --> 00:08:48,661 FIELD TRACKING SMOKES FROM FIRES 245 00:08:48,661 --> 00:08:50,096 RECENTLY. 246 00:08:50,096 --> 00:08:51,831 CAN YOU DESCRIBE EXACTLY WHAT 247 00:08:51,831 --> 00:08:53,566 THEY SEE FROM THE AIR AND ON THE 248 00:08:53,566 --> 00:08:54,166 GROUND? 249 00:08:54,166 --> 00:08:55,668 >> YES, WE CAN. 250 00:08:55,668 --> 00:08:57,169 THERE ARE A COUPLE OF ONGOING 251 00:08:57,169 --> 00:09:00,006 CAMPAIGNS RIGHT NOW ABOVE THAT'S 252 00:09:00,006 --> 00:09:02,842 LOOKING AT THE ARCTIC. 253 00:09:02,842 --> 00:09:07,647 WE HAVE CAMPAIGNS THAT ARE 254 00:09:07,647 --> 00:09:09,982 CONTINUALLY ONGOING. 255 00:09:09,982 --> 00:09:12,118 IT'S AN EXCITING CAMPAIGN WHERE 256 00:09:12,118 --> 00:09:13,519 WE ARE LOOKING AT MULTIPLE 257 00:09:13,519 --> 00:09:16,122 ECOSYSTEMS AND FLYING OUR PLANES 258 00:09:16,122 --> 00:09:19,025 THROUGH THE SMOKE, OUR D.C.A. 259 00:09:19,025 --> 00:09:20,126 THAT'S EXCITING. 260 00:09:20,126 --> 00:09:21,027 YOU CAN'T SEE ANYTHING WHEN YOU 261 00:09:21,027 --> 00:09:23,563 ARE IN A SMOKE PLUME. 262 00:09:23,563 --> 00:09:24,664 BUT WE HAVE INSTRUMENTS ON THE 263 00:09:24,664 --> 00:09:26,065 SIDE OF THE PLANE THAT TAKE IN 264 00:09:26,065 --> 00:09:28,568 THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE 265 00:09:28,568 --> 00:09:29,902 SMOKE AND LOOK AT THAT TIME AS 266 00:09:29,902 --> 00:09:32,204 IT EVOLVES OVER TIME. 267 00:09:32,204 --> 00:09:34,440 THAT CAN IMPACT AIR QUALITY, NOT 268 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:36,642 ONLY CLOSE TO A FIRE, BUT 269 00:09:36,642 --> 00:09:39,579 DOWNWIND OF THE FIRE. 270 00:09:39,579 --> 00:09:41,180 >> HOW MANY SCIENTISTS ARE 271 00:09:41,180 --> 00:09:42,882 WORKING ON A PLANE AND ON THE 272 00:09:42,882 --> 00:09:44,884 GROUND AT THE SAME TIME TO STUDY 273 00:09:44,884 --> 00:09:45,484 FIRES? 274 00:09:45,484 --> 00:09:47,219 >> ON THE PLANE IS PROBABLY 275 00:09:47,219 --> 00:09:49,121 ABOUT 28. 276 00:09:49,121 --> 00:09:51,958 ON THE GROUND MAYBE ANOTHER 80 277 00:09:51,958 --> 00:09:53,559 PROVIDING SUPPORT. 278 00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:54,961 DEPENDING ON WHAT THE CAMPAIGN 279 00:09:54,961 --> 00:09:57,096 IS AND WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING AT. 280 00:09:57,096 --> 00:09:59,799 SO THAT IS DURING FIRE XAQ, 281 00:09:59,799 --> 00:10:02,401 PEOPLE CYCLE IN AND OUT. 282 00:10:02,401 --> 00:10:05,538 IT'S DYNAMIC AND EXCITING. 283 00:10:05,538 --> 00:10:06,439 >> Leslie: THIS JUNE WAS THE 284 00:10:06,439 --> 00:10:08,574 HOTTEST JUNE ON RECORD WITH DATA 285 00:10:08,574 --> 00:10:09,976 SHOWING THAT JULY WAS 286 00:10:09,976 --> 00:10:11,677 STATISTICALLY TIED FOR THE 287 00:10:11,677 --> 00:10:13,913 WARMEST MONTH ON RECORD. 288 00:10:13,913 --> 00:10:16,215 WHAT IMPACT HAS THAT HAD ON THIS 289 00:10:16,215 --> 00:10:17,917 YEAR'S FIRE SEASON? 290 00:10:17,917 --> 00:10:20,252 >> LESLIE, WE ARE LIVING IN A 291 00:10:20,252 --> 00:10:21,854 WARMER AND DRYER WORLD. 292 00:10:21,854 --> 00:10:23,689 WITH CLIMATE CHANGE WE'LL SEE 293 00:10:23,689 --> 00:10:25,291 CONDITIONS THAT MAKE FIRES MORE 294 00:10:25,291 --> 00:10:26,192 LIKELY. 295 00:10:26,192 --> 00:10:27,093 WE HAVE HEARD FROM JOSH ABOUT 296 00:10:27,093 --> 00:10:29,829 THE FIRE TRIANGLE AND MAKING 297 00:10:29,829 --> 00:10:31,430 VEGETATION AND OTHER FUELS ON 298 00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:33,733 THE GROUND TODAY MORE FLAMMABLE. 299 00:10:33,733 --> 00:10:35,868 IT'S LIKELY WE'LL SEE MORE FIRES 300 00:10:35,868 --> 00:10:37,870 AND THE FIRES THAT DO START ARE 301 00:10:37,870 --> 00:10:39,605 MORE EXTREME. 302 00:10:39,605 --> 00:10:41,107 THEY MIGHT HAVE A MORE LASTING 303 00:10:41,107 --> 00:10:43,409 IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS AND HARDER 304 00:10:43,409 --> 00:10:44,510 TO SUPPRESS. 305 00:10:44,510 --> 00:10:47,346 AS THE CLIMATE HAS BEEN WARMING, 306 00:10:47,346 --> 00:10:48,447 WE ARE INTERESTED IN TRACKING 307 00:10:48,447 --> 00:10:50,549 HOW FIRES AND FIRE BEHAVIOR HAS 308 00:10:50,549 --> 00:10:52,251 BEEN CHANGING. 309 00:10:52,251 --> 00:10:53,886 >> Leslie: THAT'S SURPRISING. 310 00:10:53,886 --> 00:10:55,588 LET'S TAKE A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS 311 00:10:55,588 --> 00:11:00,326 FROM OUR #ASKNASA. 312 00:11:00,326 --> 00:11:02,028 WHAT'S NOR DIFFICULT, PREDICTING 313 00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:04,330 WHERE THE FIRE WILL GO OR WHERE 314 00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:06,165 THE SMOKE WILL GO? 315 00:11:06,165 --> 00:11:08,668 >> WE DO A GOOD JOB OF BOTH OF 316 00:11:08,668 --> 00:11:09,802 THOSE. 317 00:11:09,802 --> 00:11:11,237 YOU WOULD NEED A SMALLER SCALE 318 00:11:11,237 --> 00:11:13,239 TO PREDICT WHERE A FIRE WOULD 319 00:11:13,239 --> 00:11:14,040 GO. 320 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:15,374 WE HAVE INSTRUMENTS THAT CAN 321 00:11:15,374 --> 00:11:18,344 LOOK AT FIRE DETECTIONS 322 00:11:18,344 --> 00:11:20,279 OVERNIGHT SO WE CAN BETTER PLACE 323 00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:22,682 RESOURCES. 324 00:11:22,682 --> 00:11:24,784 SMOKE, CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 325 00:11:24,784 --> 00:11:26,786 ARE DOING A GOOD JOB OF TRACKING 326 00:11:26,786 --> 00:11:27,420 SMOKE. 327 00:11:27,420 --> 00:11:28,821 THAT DOESN'T MEAN WE KNOW 328 00:11:28,821 --> 00:11:29,622 EVERYTHING. 329 00:11:29,622 --> 00:11:32,024 WE CAN BE BETTER AND HAVE HIGHER 330 00:11:32,024 --> 00:11:33,559 RESOLUTION INFORMATION. 331 00:11:33,559 --> 00:11:35,161 IT IS IMPORTANT WHERE SMOKE IS 332 00:11:35,161 --> 00:11:37,463 INJECTED DETERMINES HOW FAST IT 333 00:11:37,463 --> 00:11:39,899 WILL BE TRANSPORT IN TIME. 334 00:11:39,899 --> 00:11:41,000 AND WE ARE HAVING A HARD TIME 335 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,202 GETTING THE INJECTION CORRECT. 336 00:11:43,202 --> 00:11:44,937 THAT'S ONE AREA WE NEED TO WORK 337 00:11:44,937 --> 00:11:45,438 ON. 338 00:11:45,438 --> 00:11:46,839 >> ONE OF THE INTERESTING 339 00:11:46,839 --> 00:11:48,240 THINGS, WE HAVE SCIENTISTS 340 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:49,975 FUNDED THROUGH NASA AND HERE AT 341 00:11:49,975 --> 00:11:55,214 THE GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. 342 00:11:55,214 --> 00:11:56,315 WE CAN TAKE IN INFORMATION ABOUT 343 00:11:56,315 --> 00:11:57,717 WHERE THE FIRES ARE BURNING AND 344 00:11:57,717 --> 00:11:59,318 WORK WITH OUR COLLEAGUES WHO 345 00:11:59,318 --> 00:12:01,654 MADE DETAILED MODELS OF THE 346 00:12:01,654 --> 00:12:03,756 EARTH AS A SYSTEM, SAME AS WE 347 00:12:03,756 --> 00:12:06,192 USE TO PREDICT WEATHER. 348 00:12:06,192 --> 00:12:07,993 THE COMBINATION ALLOWS US TO 349 00:12:07,993 --> 00:12:09,528 TRACK, PREDICT AND FORECAST 350 00:12:09,528 --> 00:12:11,664 WHERE THE SMOKE COULD BE DAYS OR 351 00:12:11,664 --> 00:12:13,265 WEEKS FROM NOW. 352 00:12:13,265 --> 00:12:13,933 >> Leslie: WE HAVE BEEN TALKING 353 00:12:13,933 --> 00:12:15,367 ABOUT THE SCIENCE OF FIRE AND 354 00:12:15,367 --> 00:12:17,670 THE DATA NASA COLLECTS FROM THE 355 00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:19,572 AIR AND ON THE GROUND. 356 00:12:19,572 --> 00:12:21,273 LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT HOW DATA 357 00:12:21,273 --> 00:12:22,808 AND INFORMATION ARE ACTUALLY 358 00:12:22,808 --> 00:12:23,609 USED. 359 00:12:23,609 --> 00:12:25,444 IN THIS NEXT VIDEO, YOU WILL SEE 360 00:12:25,444 --> 00:12:28,280 HOW FIRST RESPONDERS RELY ON 361 00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:30,483 NASA SATELLITE DATA TO SEE 362 00:12:30,483 --> 00:12:31,917 THROUGH THE SMOKE AND FIRE WHICH 363 00:12:31,917 --> 00:12:34,220 ALLOWS THEM TO TRACK AND BLAZE 364 00:12:34,220 --> 00:12:38,457 IN NEAR REALTIME. 365 00:12:38,457 --> 00:12:41,660 >> OUR INTELLIGENCE FOR THIS 366 00:12:41,660 --> 00:12:44,196 FIRE WAS BASED ON THE 9/11 367 00:12:44,196 --> 00:12:45,698 REPORTS WE WERE RECEIVING AND 368 00:12:45,698 --> 00:12:47,399 THE RADIO REPORTS WE WERE 369 00:12:47,399 --> 00:12:49,235 GETTING FROM OUR FIRE RESOURCES 370 00:12:49,235 --> 00:12:51,337 AND OUR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS 371 00:12:51,337 --> 00:12:52,538 IN THE FIELD. 372 00:12:52,538 --> 00:12:54,974 IF WE HAD THE BIRD'S EYE VIEW, 373 00:12:54,974 --> 00:12:57,076 SOME KIND OF IMAGERY SO WE COULD 374 00:12:57,076 --> 00:12:59,178 GET A PICTURE OF EXACTLY WHAT WE 375 00:12:59,178 --> 00:13:01,213 HAD, THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN A GAME 376 00:13:01,213 --> 00:13:03,716 CHANGER. 377 00:13:03,716 --> 00:13:06,051 WE ARE USING SOME OF THE 378 00:13:06,051 --> 00:13:07,853 NATIONAL GUARD, MANNED AND 379 00:13:07,853 --> 00:13:10,389 UNMANNED AERIAL ASSETS SO WE CAN 380 00:13:10,389 --> 00:13:13,926 PRACTICE THE SURVEILLANCE OF OUR 381 00:13:13,926 --> 00:13:16,529 FIRES. 382 00:13:16,529 --> 00:13:18,230 ONE OF THE MAJOR THINGS THAT WE 383 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:21,534 HAVE THEM HELP US WITH IS THE 384 00:13:21,534 --> 00:13:22,968 PERIMETER MAPPING AND DETERMINE 385 00:13:22,968 --> 00:13:25,371 THE EXACT LOCATION OF OUR FIRES. 386 00:13:25,371 --> 00:13:28,507 >> A SYSTEM WE LIE ON IS THE 387 00:13:28,507 --> 00:13:31,210 MODIS SATELLITE SYSTEM. 388 00:13:31,210 --> 00:13:33,012 WE USE THAT TO SEE WHERE THE 389 00:13:33,012 --> 00:13:36,048 HOTSPOTS ARE, THAT FIRE THAT WE 390 00:13:36,048 --> 00:13:37,750 ARE FIGHTING. 391 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:40,286 >> 102. 392 00:13:40,286 --> 00:13:40,786 OKAY. 393 00:13:40,786 --> 00:13:41,787 WE GOT IT. 394 00:13:41,787 --> 00:13:46,125 >> FIRST RESPONDERS WANT TO KNOW 395 00:13:46,125 --> 00:13:47,827 WHICH HOUSES HAVE BEEN DAMAGED 396 00:13:47,827 --> 00:13:49,328 AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. 397 00:13:49,328 --> 00:13:50,696 THE SMOKE MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE 398 00:13:50,696 --> 00:13:51,864 BEEN CLEARED. 399 00:13:51,864 --> 00:13:53,499 USING RADAR, WE CAN SEE WHERE 400 00:13:53,499 --> 00:13:55,401 THOSE HOUSES ARE AND WHERE WE 401 00:13:55,401 --> 00:13:57,403 NEED TO FOCUS OUR EFFORTS. 402 00:13:57,403 --> 00:14:00,739 BASED ON HOW A WAVE LENGTH MIGHT 403 00:14:00,739 --> 00:14:02,741 BOUNCE OFF THE SURFACE, WE CAN 404 00:14:02,741 --> 00:14:04,777 ACTUALLY SEE THROUGH SMOKE AND 405 00:14:04,777 --> 00:14:05,578 CLOUDS. 406 00:14:05,578 --> 00:14:07,246 WE CAN SEE THINGS LIKE 407 00:14:07,246 --> 00:14:09,281 VEGETATION STRUCTURE OR BUILDING 408 00:14:09,281 --> 00:14:10,816 STRUCTURES. 409 00:14:10,816 --> 00:14:13,819 >> WE GOT A FIRE ON THE RIGHT 410 00:14:13,819 --> 00:14:18,824 WING TOWARDS THE NORTH. 411 00:14:18,824 --> 00:14:20,159 >> PRIOR TO HAVING THE 412 00:14:20,159 --> 00:14:22,862 CAPABILITY, WE WOULD DRAW BY 413 00:14:22,862 --> 00:14:26,165 HAND BASICALLY WHERE THE FIRE 414 00:14:26,165 --> 00:14:28,801 PERIMETER APPROXIMATELY WAS. 415 00:14:28,801 --> 00:14:32,004 NOW, WITH THE MODIS DATA BEING 416 00:14:32,004 --> 00:14:34,139 PULLED IN, WE ARE ABLE TO SEE 417 00:14:34,139 --> 00:14:35,641 WHERE THAT FIRE WAS LAST KNOWN 418 00:14:35,641 --> 00:14:37,142 TO BE. 419 00:14:37,142 --> 00:14:40,179 >> HERE'S WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE. 420 00:14:40,179 --> 00:14:42,581 >> THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN A 421 00:14:42,581 --> 00:14:45,618 GAME CHANGER. 422 00:14:45,618 --> 00:14:47,219 >> JUST AS WE COULD SEE FROM 423 00:14:47,219 --> 00:14:50,322 THAT EXAMPLE WITH THE TEAM THAT 424 00:14:50,322 --> 00:14:51,657 DEPENDS ON GETTING INFORMATION 425 00:14:51,657 --> 00:14:54,159 FROM NASA SATELLITES TO KNOW 426 00:14:54,159 --> 00:14:56,195 WHERE THE FIRES STARTED AND 427 00:14:56,195 --> 00:14:57,997 WHERE THEY WILL SPREAD NEXT, 428 00:14:57,997 --> 00:15:00,099 THEY ARE GOING FROM THE 429 00:15:00,099 --> 00:15:01,700 SATELLITE TO THE SMARTPHONE ALL 430 00:15:01,700 --> 00:15:03,335 OVER THE WORLD AS THAT 431 00:15:03,335 --> 00:15:04,937 INFORMATION GETS SHARED. 432 00:15:04,937 --> 00:15:07,172 AND THE INFORMATION IS THE MOST 433 00:15:07,172 --> 00:15:09,275 POWERFUL AND LONG-TERM RECORDS 434 00:15:09,275 --> 00:15:11,410 OF HOW FIRES HAVE CHANGED ACROSS 435 00:15:11,410 --> 00:15:13,846 OUR ENTIRE PLANET. 436 00:15:13,846 --> 00:15:15,447 THIS IS AN IMAGE FROM THE WALKER 437 00:15:15,447 --> 00:15:17,616 FIRE, WHICH IS THE BIGGEST FIRE 438 00:15:17,616 --> 00:15:19,952 BURNING IN THE LOWER 48, ABOUT 439 00:15:19,952 --> 00:15:21,553 50,000 ACRES. 440 00:15:21,553 --> 00:15:22,855 IT BROKE OUT IN THE LAST COUPLE 441 00:15:22,855 --> 00:15:24,089 OF DAYS. 442 00:15:24,089 --> 00:15:26,592 THE MODIS IMAGE WILL TELL US 443 00:15:26,592 --> 00:15:29,128 WHERE THE ACTIVE FIRES ARE AND 444 00:15:29,128 --> 00:15:31,530 BETTER UNDERSTAND WHERE THE 445 00:15:31,530 --> 00:15:33,432 SMOKE CAN CHANGE AIR QUALITY 446 00:15:33,432 --> 00:15:35,768 MAKING IT DIFFICULT OR DANGEROUS 447 00:15:35,768 --> 00:15:37,970 FOR PEOPLE NOT LIVING JUST CLOSE 448 00:15:37,970 --> 00:15:39,805 TO THE FIRE, BUT ALSO LIVE 449 00:15:39,805 --> 00:15:41,607 THOUSANDS OF MILES AWAY. 450 00:15:41,607 --> 00:15:43,709 NASA SATELLITES HAVE A VIEW OF 451 00:15:43,709 --> 00:15:46,545 THE EARTH EVERY DAY AND NIGHT. 452 00:15:46,545 --> 00:15:48,347 YOU CAN FOCUS ON CALIFORNIA, BUT 453 00:15:48,347 --> 00:15:50,149 THERE ARE FIRES ACROSS PARTS OF 454 00:15:50,149 --> 00:15:52,584 THE AMAZON REGION. 455 00:15:52,584 --> 00:15:53,986 THIS IS WHERE THEY PROVIDE A 456 00:15:53,986 --> 00:15:56,021 CRITICAL WINDOW INTO FIRES THAT 457 00:15:56,021 --> 00:15:59,358 ARE BURNING IN REMOTE LOCATIONS. 458 00:15:59,358 --> 00:16:00,759 WE LOOK AT THE IMAGERY FROM 459 00:16:00,759 --> 00:16:02,461 AUGUST, WE SEE THE FIRES COMING 460 00:16:02,461 --> 00:16:04,296 FROM AREAS OF ACTIVE 461 00:16:04,296 --> 00:16:06,298 DEFORESTATION. 462 00:16:06,298 --> 00:16:08,100 THIS IS AREAS WHERE PEOPLE HAVE 463 00:16:08,100 --> 00:16:10,369 CLEARED ADDITIONAL RAINFOREST TO 464 00:16:10,369 --> 00:16:13,572 MAKE ROOM FOR CATTLE PASTURES 465 00:16:13,572 --> 00:16:15,507 AND CROP LANDS. 466 00:16:15,507 --> 00:16:16,508 THEY ARE BURNING WOOD BECAUSE WE 467 00:16:16,508 --> 00:16:18,477 CAN SEE THAT THE FIRES ARE SO 468 00:16:18,477 --> 00:16:23,215 INTENSE, THAT THEY PUT THE SMOKE 469 00:16:23,215 --> 00:16:24,817 HIGH UP IN THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE 470 00:16:24,817 --> 00:16:27,252 IT SPREADS DOWNWIND AND CAN 471 00:16:27,252 --> 00:16:32,091 CREATE AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS IN 472 00:16:32,091 --> 00:16:33,993 BRAZIL AND BOLIVIA. 473 00:16:33,993 --> 00:16:36,195 IT'S THE MOST UNHEALTHY WE HAVE 474 00:16:36,195 --> 00:16:38,130 SEEN ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD IN 475 00:16:38,130 --> 00:16:39,531 THE LAST MONTH. 476 00:16:39,531 --> 00:16:41,433 NASA SATELLITES CAN SEE THINGS 477 00:16:41,433 --> 00:16:43,569 THAT OUR EYES CAN'T SEE. 478 00:16:43,569 --> 00:16:46,772 AS WE ARE TRACKING THE AMAZON, 479 00:16:46,772 --> 00:16:49,008 I'M ALSO SHOWING THIS DATA, 480 00:16:49,008 --> 00:16:50,309 COLLECTED INFORMATION ABOUT HOW 481 00:16:50,309 --> 00:16:52,811 CARBON MONOXIDE, ONE OF THE 482 00:16:52,811 --> 00:16:54,646 GASSES THAT GETS RELEASED WHEN 483 00:16:54,646 --> 00:16:56,348 FIRES ARE BURNING, WE CAN SEE 484 00:16:56,348 --> 00:16:58,150 HOW IT GETS RELEASED FROM THESE 485 00:16:58,150 --> 00:17:01,186 FIRES, POOLS UP OVER THE AMAZON 486 00:17:01,186 --> 00:17:03,422 REGION AND FLOWS SOUTH. 487 00:17:03,422 --> 00:17:06,025 SHOWING US HOW SMOKE CHANGED OUR 488 00:17:06,025 --> 00:17:07,926 QUALITY OVER THE CITIES OF SAO 489 00:17:07,926 --> 00:17:10,896 PAULO AND BRAZIL AFFECTING 490 00:17:10,896 --> 00:17:12,197 MILLIONS OF PEOPLE. 491 00:17:12,197 --> 00:17:13,499 WHAT STARTS IN THE AMAZON 492 00:17:13,499 --> 00:17:15,034 DOESN'T ALWAYS STAY IN THE 493 00:17:15,034 --> 00:17:16,035 AMAZON. 494 00:17:16,035 --> 00:17:19,104 USING THAT SATELLITE DATA, 495 00:17:19,104 --> 00:17:20,739 LOOKING AT CONDITIONS THAT ARE 496 00:17:20,739 --> 00:17:21,640 IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF 497 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:23,642 UNDERSTANDING ECOSYSTEMS AND AIR 498 00:17:23,642 --> 00:17:25,244 QUALITY AS WELL AS THE REST OF 499 00:17:25,244 --> 00:17:27,179 OUR EARTH SYSTEM. 500 00:17:27,179 --> 00:17:30,182 IF WE LOOK AT THE MODIS DATA, WE 501 00:17:30,182 --> 00:17:31,717 CAN CONTINUE TO SET WAY THAT 502 00:17:31,717 --> 00:17:33,819 FIRES ARE BURNING ACROSS THESE 503 00:17:33,819 --> 00:17:35,020 LANDSCAPES. 504 00:17:35,020 --> 00:17:36,855 THOSE FIRE DETECTIONS WILL HELP 505 00:17:36,855 --> 00:17:38,757 US BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW FIRES 506 00:17:38,757 --> 00:17:41,160 ARE CHANGING ECOSYSTEMS, HOW 507 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:42,761 THEY ARE CHANGING THE GREENHOUSE 508 00:17:42,761 --> 00:17:44,496 GASSES THAT GET RELEASED INTO 509 00:17:44,496 --> 00:17:46,098 THE ATMOSPHERE AND ULTIMATELY 510 00:17:46,098 --> 00:17:47,299 HOW THAT MIXES WITH THE 511 00:17:47,299 --> 00:17:49,034 ATMOSPHERE AND CHANGES THE 512 00:17:49,034 --> 00:17:50,636 COMPOSITION. 513 00:17:50,636 --> 00:17:51,937 IT'S NOT JUST PLACES LIKE THE 514 00:17:51,937 --> 00:17:53,972 AMAZON THAT DRY OUT EVERY YEAR 515 00:17:53,972 --> 00:17:55,674 SENDING SMOKE DOWN TO PLACES 516 00:17:55,674 --> 00:17:56,875 WHERE PEOPLE LIVE. 517 00:17:56,875 --> 00:17:58,377 OUR SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN OUT IN 518 00:17:58,377 --> 00:18:00,512 CANADA AND ALASKA AS A PART OF 519 00:18:00,512 --> 00:18:03,215 THE PROGRAM. 520 00:18:03,215 --> 00:18:06,652 LET'S JOIN LAUREN WARD AS SHE 521 00:18:06,652 --> 00:18:08,754 LEARNS ABOUT FUELS THAT ARE 522 00:18:08,754 --> 00:18:09,721 LIGHTING FIRES. 523 00:18:09,721 --> 00:18:11,223 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING 524 00:18:11,223 --> 00:18:14,626 US ON THIS BUG-FILLED EXPEDITION 525 00:18:14,626 --> 00:18:16,662 INTO THE FOREST HERE. 526 00:18:16,662 --> 00:18:17,629 CAN YOU TELL US WHAT YOU 527 00:18:17,629 --> 00:18:19,631 ACTUALLY DID IN THE FIELD TODAY? 528 00:18:19,631 --> 00:18:22,167 >> TODAY WE ARE NOT AN AREA THAT 529 00:18:22,167 --> 00:18:23,769 BURNED IN 2015. 530 00:18:23,769 --> 00:18:26,505 WE ARE MEASURING SOIL MOISTURE 531 00:18:26,505 --> 00:18:28,707 AND ALSO MEASURING WHAT'S 532 00:18:28,707 --> 00:18:31,410 REGROWING IN THE AREA. 533 00:18:31,410 --> 00:18:33,445 WE HAVE PROBES THAT WE USE TO 534 00:18:33,445 --> 00:18:36,648 MEASURE THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF 535 00:18:36,648 --> 00:18:40,185 THE SOILS AND LITTLE PLOTS WHERE 536 00:18:40,185 --> 00:18:43,188 WE'LL MEASURE WHAT'S REGROWING. 537 00:18:43,188 --> 00:18:45,724 >> THANK YOU FOR GIVING US AN 538 00:18:45,724 --> 00:18:47,025 IDEA OF WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND 539 00:18:47,025 --> 00:18:47,726 HERE. 540 00:18:47,726 --> 00:18:51,497 WE APPRECIATE IT. 541 00:18:51,497 --> 00:18:53,832 >> THANKS, LAUREN. 542 00:18:53,832 --> 00:18:55,067 BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY, BUT LOTS OF 543 00:18:55,067 --> 00:18:55,968 BUGS. 544 00:18:55,968 --> 00:18:58,270 WE'LL STAY HERE IN THE STUDIO. 545 00:18:58,270 --> 00:18:59,705 THANK YOU FOR JOINING AMBER AND 546 00:18:59,705 --> 00:19:01,907 I BACK ON THE SOFA. 547 00:19:01,907 --> 00:19:03,742 I WANT TO ASK A COUPLE OF MORE 548 00:19:03,742 --> 00:19:05,444 QUESTIONS WITH YOU. 549 00:19:05,444 --> 00:19:06,812 LET'S TALK MORE ABOUT THE ABOVE 550 00:19:06,812 --> 00:19:09,348 MISSION AND THE CAMPAIGN. 551 00:19:09,348 --> 00:19:11,183 WHY DO SCIENTISTS GO IN THE 552 00:19:11,183 --> 00:19:13,018 FIELD AND HOW OFTEN DO ME 553 00:19:13,018 --> 00:19:14,920 ACTUALLY GO OUT TO DO THE 554 00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:16,622 RESEARCH HANDS ON? 555 00:19:16,622 --> 00:19:18,824 >> I THINK WE CAN BOTH ANSWER 556 00:19:18,824 --> 00:19:19,725 THAT QUESTION. 557 00:19:19,725 --> 00:19:21,026 WE ARE ALWAYS IN THE FIELD. 558 00:19:21,026 --> 00:19:22,127 WE ARE IN THE FIELD IN DIFFERENT 559 00:19:22,127 --> 00:19:23,061 PLACES. 560 00:19:23,061 --> 00:19:23,862 WE ARE IN THE FIELD IN THE 561 00:19:23,862 --> 00:19:27,266 TROPICS, IN THE FOREST STEP AND 562 00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:29,468 DESERTS AND TEMPERED 563 00:19:29,468 --> 00:19:30,802 ENVIRONMENTS WHERE MOST OF US 564 00:19:30,802 --> 00:19:34,540 LIVE AND ALSO IN THE BORIAL 565 00:19:34,540 --> 00:19:36,141 ENVIRONMENTS WHICH INCLUDES 566 00:19:36,141 --> 00:19:38,443 CANADA AND RUSSIA. 567 00:19:38,443 --> 00:19:39,778 WE STUDY THE ARCTIC. 568 00:19:39,778 --> 00:19:42,381 WE GO ON FIELD CAMPAIGNS. 569 00:19:42,381 --> 00:19:44,082 ABOVE IS ONE OF THE CAMPAIGNS 570 00:19:44,082 --> 00:19:46,518 THAT STUDIES THE ARCTIC. 571 00:19:46,518 --> 00:19:49,521 ALSO ONGOING IS FIRE XAQ. 572 00:19:49,521 --> 00:19:51,757 THE OBJECTIVE IS TO INVESTIGATE 573 00:19:51,757 --> 00:19:54,193 SMOKE AND FIRE IN A VARIETY OF 574 00:19:54,193 --> 00:19:56,495 ECOSYSTEMS AND HOOK IT TO THE 575 00:19:56,495 --> 00:19:58,197 ACTUAL ECOSYSTEMS. 576 00:19:58,197 --> 00:19:59,398 THIS IS NEW SCIENCE. 577 00:19:59,398 --> 00:20:00,632 WE HAVE NEVER DONE ANYTHING 578 00:20:00,632 --> 00:20:03,735 QUITE THIS EXTENSIVE BEFORE. 579 00:20:03,735 --> 00:20:05,871 WE ARE NOT ONLY FOCUSING ON THE 580 00:20:05,871 --> 00:20:08,273 WESTERN FIRES FROM BOISE, BUT 581 00:20:08,273 --> 00:20:11,210 ALSO KANSAS, AGRICULTURAL, CROP 582 00:20:11,210 --> 00:20:13,212 LAND AND PRESCRIPTION BURNS. 583 00:20:13,212 --> 00:20:19,451 IT'S EXCITING SCIENCE. 584 00:20:19,451 --> 00:20:20,652 >> Leslie: WOULD YOU LIKE TO ADD 585 00:20:20,652 --> 00:20:22,087 TO THIS? 586 00:20:22,087 --> 00:20:24,189 >> IT'S INTERESTING HOW THEY ARE 587 00:20:24,189 --> 00:20:28,126 MAKING MEASUREMENTS ON ALL 588 00:20:28,126 --> 00:20:31,029 DIFFERENT SCALES. 589 00:20:31,029 --> 00:20:34,066 I LIKE WHAT LAUREN USED. 590 00:20:34,066 --> 00:20:36,868 WE CAN MAKE DETAILED MAPS AND 591 00:20:36,868 --> 00:20:39,004 HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES TO MAP 592 00:20:39,004 --> 00:20:41,607 ECOSYSTEMS IN THREE DIMENSIONS. 593 00:20:41,607 --> 00:20:46,245 EACH OF THOSE PARTS LINKS HOW 594 00:20:46,245 --> 00:20:48,547 THEY ARE CHANGING AS WELL AS IN 595 00:20:48,547 --> 00:20:50,582 RESPONSE TO WARMING CLIMATE. 596 00:20:50,582 --> 00:20:51,683 >> Leslie: LET'S TAKE A COUPLE 597 00:20:51,683 --> 00:20:56,622 MORE QUESTIONS FROM #ASKNASA. 598 00:20:56,622 --> 00:20:58,023 JENNIFER ASKS WHAT SORT OF 599 00:20:58,023 --> 00:21:00,359 EDUCATION DOES ONE NEED TO WORK 600 00:21:00,359 --> 00:21:10,035 IN NASA'S JOBS? 601 00:21:10,035 --> 00:21:12,771 >> MY BACKGROUND IS IN 602 00:21:12,771 --> 00:21:16,508 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS. 603 00:21:16,508 --> 00:21:18,176 FIRE IS A WAY THAT CARBON IS 604 00:21:18,176 --> 00:21:19,378 CYCLED. 605 00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:20,679 SO I BECAME INTERESTED IN WHAT 606 00:21:20,679 --> 00:21:22,414 WAS HAPPENING ON THE GROUND, 607 00:21:22,414 --> 00:21:23,815 WHAT WAS THIS ABOUT CLIMATE 608 00:21:23,815 --> 00:21:25,717 CHANGE, WAS IT REAL, WASN'T IT 609 00:21:25,717 --> 00:21:26,418 REAL. 610 00:21:26,418 --> 00:21:28,353 SO FIRE WAS A WAY THAT I COULD 611 00:21:28,353 --> 00:21:30,756 LOOK AT THE WAY CARBON WAS 612 00:21:30,756 --> 00:21:33,191 CYCLED IN ECOSYSTEMS. 613 00:21:33,191 --> 00:21:35,494 THAT LED ME TO MY FOCUS IN 614 00:21:35,494 --> 00:21:37,095 SIBERIA. 615 00:21:37,095 --> 00:21:38,397 THAT'S WHERE MOST OF THE CARBON 616 00:21:38,397 --> 00:21:41,533 IS STORED, IT'S MOST IN THE 617 00:21:41,533 --> 00:21:44,369 BORIAL ENVIRONMENT AND 618 00:21:44,369 --> 00:21:47,372 TWO-THIRDS IS IN RUSSIA. 619 00:21:47,372 --> 00:21:49,207 >> Leslie: AMBER, LET ME ASK YOU 620 00:21:49,207 --> 00:21:52,210 A QUESTION, HOW EXCITING WAS IT? 621 00:21:52,210 --> 00:21:53,712 >> THAT'S ONE OF THE QUESTIONS 622 00:21:53,712 --> 00:21:57,449 HERE THAT'S ON HASHTAG. 623 00:21:57,449 --> 00:22:00,485 >> IT WAS EXCITING IN SIBERIA 624 00:22:00,485 --> 00:22:05,624 AND IN THE DC-8. 625 00:22:05,624 --> 00:22:09,328 THERE WAS ONE FLY IN THE DC-8. 626 00:22:09,328 --> 00:22:10,896 IT DID REEK HAVOC. 627 00:22:10,896 --> 00:22:13,699 IN SIBERIA, THE BUGS WERE SO 628 00:22:13,699 --> 00:22:15,734 BAD, WE COVERED OURSELVES WITH 629 00:22:15,734 --> 00:22:16,735 MASKS. 630 00:22:16,735 --> 00:22:18,403 EVERY BIT WAS EXCITING. 631 00:22:18,403 --> 00:22:19,504 THE CAMPING OUTSIDE, 632 00:22:19,504 --> 00:22:21,940 HELICOPTERED IN, STUDYING THE 633 00:22:21,940 --> 00:22:23,342 AMOUNT OF FUEL AND HOW THEY 634 00:22:23,342 --> 00:22:25,043 COULD CHANGE DEPENDING ON THE 635 00:22:25,043 --> 00:22:27,679 FIRE AND WEATHER. 636 00:22:27,679 --> 00:22:29,981 IT WAS INCREDIBLY EXCITING. 637 00:22:29,981 --> 00:22:31,717 >> Leslie: SO, YOU KNOW, WE HAVE 638 00:22:31,717 --> 00:22:34,119 TALKED ABOUT BEING IN SIBERIA. 639 00:22:34,119 --> 00:22:35,520 WE UNDERSTAND YOU WERE RECENTLY 640 00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:37,856 IN KANSAS AND IDAHO ON THE FIRE 641 00:22:37,856 --> 00:22:39,358 XAQ. 642 00:22:39,358 --> 00:22:42,060 TELL US ABOUT WHAT YOU DO, WHAT 643 00:22:42,060 --> 00:22:43,895 IS YOUR ACTUAL JOB WHEN YOU ARE 644 00:22:43,895 --> 00:22:46,298 OUT IN THE FIELD AND WHAT YOU DO 645 00:22:46,298 --> 00:22:47,299 WHEN YOU ARE ON TRAVEL? 646 00:22:47,299 --> 00:22:50,335 >> I WAS ABLE TO GO ON THE DC-8, 647 00:22:50,335 --> 00:22:54,473 ONE A PRESCRIBED FIRE, IN SOLINA 648 00:22:54,473 --> 00:22:56,475 AND BOISE. 649 00:22:56,475 --> 00:23:00,312 LOOKING AT BOTH TYPES OF FIRES. 650 00:23:00,312 --> 00:23:03,515 MY PRIMARY JOB WAS A FORECASTER. 651 00:23:03,515 --> 00:23:05,150 IT WAS FORECASTING WHERE I 652 00:23:05,150 --> 00:23:07,753 THOUGHT THE BEST AREA THE FIRE 653 00:23:07,753 --> 00:23:08,787 WOULD GO. 654 00:23:08,787 --> 00:23:10,422 WE HAD METEOROLOGISTS AND PEOPLE 655 00:23:10,422 --> 00:23:12,624 LOOKING FOR LARGER SMOKE. 656 00:23:12,624 --> 00:23:14,025 WE ALSO FORECASTED IN THE EAST 657 00:23:14,025 --> 00:23:16,061 IT WAS QUITE DIFFERENT BECAUSE 658 00:23:16,061 --> 00:23:18,330 THEN WE WERE USING SMALL, 659 00:23:18,330 --> 00:23:21,366 HOTSPOTS AND DETECTIONS IN ORDER 660 00:23:21,366 --> 00:23:23,468 TO DETERMINE WHAT FIRES WERE 661 00:23:23,468 --> 00:23:24,469 MOST ACTIVE. 662 00:23:24,469 --> 00:23:27,305 WE HAD TO CATCH THEM QUICKLY. 663 00:23:27,305 --> 00:23:30,409 IT ONLY BURNED FOR 15 MINUTES. 664 00:23:30,409 --> 00:23:32,244 THE PLANE WAS HOPPING FROM PLACE 665 00:23:32,244 --> 00:23:35,147 TO PLACE IN THE EAST. 666 00:23:35,147 --> 00:23:37,983 IN THE WEST WE TOOK OUR TIME 667 00:23:37,983 --> 00:23:43,221 FLYING BACK AND FORTH. 668 00:23:43,221 --> 00:23:45,223 >> Leslie: SOUNDS LIKE YOU ENJOY 669 00:23:45,223 --> 00:23:46,725 YOUR WORK. 670 00:23:46,725 --> 00:23:48,160 PLEASE CONTINUE TO SEND YOUR 671 00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:51,163 QUESTIONS. 672 00:23:51,163 --> 00:23:52,798 WE'LL TRY TO COME BACK TO SOME 673 00:23:52,798 --> 00:23:53,899 QUESTIONS A LITTLE LATER IN THE 674 00:23:53,899 --> 00:23:54,900 SHOW. 675 00:23:54,900 --> 00:23:57,035 SO, WE HAD HEARD FROM NASA 676 00:23:57,035 --> 00:23:59,738 STUDIES ABOUT THE FIRES AND THE 677 00:23:59,738 --> 00:24:01,840 SATELLITES, AIRCRAFTS AND GOING 678 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:03,542 INTO LOCATIONS ON EARTH. 679 00:24:03,542 --> 00:24:04,776 BUT THERE ARE OTHER PLACES WHERE 680 00:24:04,776 --> 00:24:07,579 WE ARE WORKING TO BETTER 681 00:24:07,579 --> 00:24:09,114 UNDERSTAND THOSE PLACES. 682 00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:09,815 THAT'S THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 683 00:24:09,815 --> 00:24:10,449 STATION. 684 00:24:10,449 --> 00:24:11,550 YOU WEREN'T EXPECTING THAT, WERE 685 00:24:11,550 --> 00:24:12,150 YOU. 686 00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:13,251 ASTRONAUTS ON THE OR BITTING 687 00:24:13,251 --> 00:24:15,587 LABORATORY NOT ONLY HAVE A 688 00:24:15,587 --> 00:24:18,256 BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF FIRES ON 689 00:24:18,256 --> 00:24:20,459 EARTH, BUT ALSO CONDUCTING 690 00:24:20,459 --> 00:24:24,596 EXPERIMENTS TO UNDERSTAND THE 691 00:24:24,596 --> 00:24:28,533 PHYSICS OF FLAMES. 692 00:24:28,533 --> 00:24:30,535 WE CAN LEARN MORE FROM RANDY 693 00:24:30,535 --> 00:24:32,170 BRESNIK. 694 00:24:32,170 --> 00:24:34,573 >> HI, EVERYBODY. 695 00:24:34,573 --> 00:24:36,675 I'M DAN HUOT. 696 00:24:36,675 --> 00:24:38,610 I'M FORTUNATE TO BE JOINED BY AN 697 00:24:38,610 --> 00:24:39,511 ASTRONAUT. 698 00:24:39,511 --> 00:24:41,613 THIS IS RANDY BRESNIK. 699 00:24:41,613 --> 00:24:44,149 RANDY SPENT TIME ON THE 700 00:24:44,149 --> 00:24:44,850 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 701 00:24:44,850 --> 00:24:47,152 GIVE US 30 SECONDS, WHAT IS THE 702 00:24:47,152 --> 00:24:47,786 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION? 703 00:24:47,786 --> 00:24:53,992 >> MOST AMAZING THING HUMANS 704 00:24:53,992 --> 00:24:55,427 HAVE BUILT. 705 00:24:55,427 --> 00:24:57,329 WE HAVE HAD HUMANS UP THERE FOR 706 00:24:57,329 --> 00:24:59,965 THE LAST 19 YEARS CONTINUOUSLY. 707 00:24:59,965 --> 00:25:02,167 HUNDREDS OF EXPERIMENTS GO ON 708 00:25:02,167 --> 00:25:03,268 ALL THE TIME. 709 00:25:03,268 --> 00:25:04,903 >> TODAY WE ARE TALKING ABOUT 710 00:25:04,903 --> 00:25:06,104 FIRES. 711 00:25:06,104 --> 00:25:07,305 YOU ARE 250 MILES ABOVE THE 712 00:25:07,305 --> 00:25:08,106 EARTH. 713 00:25:08,106 --> 00:25:11,776 YOU GET A UNIQUE VANTAGE POINT. 714 00:25:11,776 --> 00:25:14,412 YOU CAN SEE FIRES HERE ON EARTH. 715 00:25:14,412 --> 00:25:16,014 >> I WAS ON THE PHONE, HAVE YOU 716 00:25:16,014 --> 00:25:18,917 SEEN THE FIRES IN CALIFORNIA. 717 00:25:18,917 --> 00:25:20,118 WHAT FIRES. 718 00:25:20,118 --> 00:25:21,520 BEFORE I COULD SEE THE COASTLINE 719 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:23,221 OF CALIFORNIA, YOU COULD SET 720 00:25:23,221 --> 00:25:23,822 SMOKE. 721 00:25:23,822 --> 00:25:25,657 THEN THE SMOKE IS ENGULFING THE 722 00:25:25,657 --> 00:25:27,759 WHOLE NORTHERN PART OF THE L.A. 723 00:25:27,759 --> 00:25:29,694 BASIN. 724 00:25:29,694 --> 00:25:32,197 HAVING GROWN UP IN SANTA MONICA, 725 00:25:32,197 --> 00:25:34,432 IT WAS AMAZING TO SEE THE SCOPE 726 00:25:34,432 --> 00:25:35,534 OF THE FIRES GOING ON AT THAT 727 00:25:35,534 --> 00:25:36,434 TIME. 728 00:25:36,434 --> 00:25:38,136 >> THAT WAS SOMETHING YOU HAD 729 00:25:38,136 --> 00:25:39,871 SEEN DOWN ON THE GROUND. 730 00:25:39,871 --> 00:25:41,373 WHAT WAS IT LIKE TO GET THE FULL 731 00:25:41,373 --> 00:25:43,775 SCOPE, THE MAGNITUDE OF IT FROM 732 00:25:43,775 --> 00:25:44,276 SPACE? 733 00:25:44,276 --> 00:25:46,111 >> IT'S SURREAL. 734 00:25:46,111 --> 00:25:47,112 EVERYTHING ON THE GROUND IS SO 735 00:25:47,112 --> 00:25:47,712 SMALL. 736 00:25:47,712 --> 00:25:49,214 TO SEE SOMETHING THIS BIG, IT 737 00:25:49,214 --> 00:25:50,949 WAS ASTOUNDING. 738 00:25:50,949 --> 00:25:52,551 WE WERE ABLE TO GET REALTIME 739 00:25:52,551 --> 00:25:55,153 DATA TO FOLKS ON THE GROUND, 740 00:25:55,153 --> 00:25:57,389 HERE'S THE SCOPE, HOW IT'S 741 00:25:57,389 --> 00:25:58,690 CHANGING. 742 00:25:58,690 --> 00:26:00,892 90 MINUTES LATER IT'S CHANGING. 743 00:26:00,892 --> 00:26:02,827 >> YOU ARE STARTING FIRES IN A 744 00:26:02,827 --> 00:26:04,329 VERY CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT ON 745 00:26:04,329 --> 00:26:06,331 BOARD THE SPACE STATION. 746 00:26:06,331 --> 00:26:08,166 WHAT KIND OF RESEARCH ARE WE 747 00:26:08,166 --> 00:26:08,667 DOING? 748 00:26:08,667 --> 00:26:10,602 >> TYPICALLY IN AVIATION, THE 749 00:26:10,602 --> 00:26:13,438 ONLY THING WORSE THAN FIRE ON 750 00:26:13,438 --> 00:26:17,142 THE GROUND, FIRE IN THE AIR. 751 00:26:17,142 --> 00:26:21,646 WORSE THAN THAT IS IN SPACE. 752 00:26:21,646 --> 00:26:26,785 WE BURN UP IN THE ATMOSPHERE. 753 00:26:26,785 --> 00:26:28,186 >> THIS IS AFTER IT LEFT. 754 00:26:28,186 --> 00:26:30,922 >> AND LOOK AT HOW FIRE BURNS ON 755 00:26:30,922 --> 00:26:33,525 FABRICS AND OTHER MATERIALS. 756 00:26:33,525 --> 00:26:35,226 IF WE LOWER THE PRESSURE, THE 757 00:26:35,226 --> 00:26:38,463 FLAME DOESN'T SPREAD AS FAST. 758 00:26:38,463 --> 00:26:39,264 THAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 759 00:26:39,264 --> 00:26:40,899 THE ABILITY TO FIGURE OUT WE 760 00:26:40,899 --> 00:26:43,201 BUILD OUR SPACECRAFT AND OPERATE 761 00:26:43,201 --> 00:26:45,604 AT LOWER PRESSURE, WE MAKE THEM 762 00:26:45,604 --> 00:26:48,640 LESS FIRE OR MORE FIRE SAFE AND 763 00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:53,178 LESS CHANCE OF FIRE 764 00:26:53,178 --> 00:26:54,779 PROMULGATING. 765 00:26:54,779 --> 00:26:57,616 >> IT HAS TO BE DIFFERENT IN 766 00:26:57,616 --> 00:26:59,517 SPACE FROM ON THE GROUND. 767 00:26:59,517 --> 00:27:01,319 >> ABSOLUTELY. 768 00:27:01,319 --> 00:27:03,655 WE HAVE TO GET ON IT RIGHT AWAY. 769 00:27:03,655 --> 00:27:05,357 FOR EVERYBODY WHO HAS SEEN THAT 770 00:27:05,357 --> 00:27:07,792 MOVIE WALLY WHERE HE'S FLYING 771 00:27:07,792 --> 00:27:11,529 AROUND WITH A FIRE EXTINGUISHER, 772 00:27:11,529 --> 00:27:13,765 IT'S PROPULSIVE. 773 00:27:13,765 --> 00:27:15,967 WE HAVE TO LOCATE THE FIRE, HAVE 774 00:27:15,967 --> 00:27:19,571 OUR BREATHING APPARATUS, BE IN A 775 00:27:19,571 --> 00:27:23,274 POSITION TO HOLD US. 776 00:27:23,274 --> 00:27:25,510 AND SO IT DOESN'T PROPEL US OUT 777 00:27:25,510 --> 00:27:27,212 AWAY FROM THE FIRE. 778 00:27:27,212 --> 00:27:29,447 >> DID YOU HAVE A CHANCE TO TEST 779 00:27:29,447 --> 00:27:30,248 THAT? 780 00:27:30,248 --> 00:27:33,551 >> I HAD TO CHECK THEM. 781 00:27:33,551 --> 00:27:36,187 WE CHECK THE GAUGES. 782 00:27:36,187 --> 00:27:40,025 WE HAVE FIRE EXTINGUISHER RACES 783 00:27:40,025 --> 00:27:41,526 SOME DAY, BUT NOT ON SPACE 784 00:27:41,526 --> 00:27:42,227 STATION. 785 00:27:42,227 --> 00:27:43,628 >> THANK YOU. 786 00:27:43,628 --> 00:27:44,963 IT'S AMAZING STUFF. 787 00:27:44,963 --> 00:27:46,364 WE'LL SEND IT BACK TO YOU, TALK 788 00:27:46,364 --> 00:27:48,266 MORE ABOUT FIRE. 789 00:27:48,266 --> 00:27:49,567 >> Leslie: THANKS, DAN. 790 00:27:49,567 --> 00:27:52,404 THANKS ASTRONAUT RANDY. 791 00:27:52,404 --> 00:27:53,805 WHERE DID ALL THE TIME GO. 792 00:27:53,805 --> 00:27:55,740 LOOKS LIKE WE ARE MOMENTS AWAY 793 00:27:55,740 --> 00:27:57,142 FROM BEING COMPLETELY OUT OF 794 00:27:57,142 --> 00:27:57,842 TIME. 795 00:27:57,842 --> 00:27:59,778 BUT BEFORE WE GO, I WANT TO 796 00:27:59,778 --> 00:28:01,279 THANK YOU ALL FOR JOINING US 797 00:28:01,279 --> 00:28:03,682 TODAY TO DISCUSS NASA'S ROLE IN 798 00:28:03,682 --> 00:28:05,617 STUDYING FIRES ACROSS THE GLOBE 799 00:28:05,617 --> 00:28:07,819 AND SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR STUDIO 800 00:28:07,819 --> 00:28:11,089 GUEST, AMBER AND DOUG FOR BEING 801 00:28:11,089 --> 00:28:11,990 WITH US TODAY. 802 00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:13,591 BEFORE WE GO, WANT TO SHARE AN 803 00:28:13,591 --> 00:28:15,326 EXCITING TRAILER THAT WE HAVE 804 00:28:15,326 --> 00:28:18,196 FOR OUR THIRD SEASON OF NASA 805 00:28:18,196 --> 00:28:21,099 EXPLORERS VIDEO SERIES WHICH IS 806 00:28:21,099 --> 00:28:22,834 ABOUT FIRES. 807 00:28:22,834 --> 00:28:23,935 THANKS FOR WATCHING. 808 00:28:23,935 --> 00:28:26,771 UNTIL NEXT TIME, REMEMBER TO 809 00:28:26,771 --> 00:28:29,474 KEEP LOOKING FAR AND BEYOND THE 810 00:28:29,474 --> 00:28:30,375 STARS. 811 00:28:30,375 --> 00:28:32,110 THERE IS A LOT MORE TO BE 812 00:28:32,110 --> 00:28:33,311 DISCOVERED. 813 00:28:33,311 --> 00:28:34,713 THANKS AND BYE-BYE. 814 00:28:34,713 --> 00:28:40,552 >> FEEL LIKE THE WORK THAT I DO, 815 00:28:40,552 --> 00:28:43,188 THAT NOW IT'S TRYING TO PULL 816 00:28:43,188 --> 00:28:45,990 TOGETHER IS IMPORTANT FOR THE 817 00:28:45,990 --> 00:28:48,326 HUMAN RACE, FOR OUR COUNTRY. 818 00:28:48,326 --> 00:28:49,527 >> WHEN THE OPPORTUNITY CAME 819 00:28:49,527 --> 00:28:53,031 ALONG TO DO THIS TYPE OF WORK, I 820 00:28:53,031 --> 00:28:54,232 RESONATED WITH IT. 821 00:28:54,232 --> 00:28:55,867 >> WITH BETTER SCIENCE, YOU HAVE 822 00:28:55,867 --> 00:28:57,268 BETTER INFORMATION. 823 00:28:57,268 --> 00:28:58,236 WITH BETTER INFORMATION, WE CAN