>> WHERE DO WE COME FROM?
HOW DOES LIFE EVOLVE?
IS THERE LIFE BEYOND EARTH?
HI, MY NAME IS KELLIE GERARDI.
IF YOU CONSIDERED THESE QUESTIONS BEFORE
YOU ARE IN GOOD COMPANY.
WHILE NO LIFE BEYOND EARTH HAS
BEEN PHYSICALLY FOUND, A
MULTITUDE OF RESEARCH HAS
POINTED TO MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS
LIKE BACTERIA ARCHAEA BEYOND EARTH.
NASA MISSIONS SUCH AS
PERSEVERANCE AND MARS EVEN
MISSIONS THAT ARE EXPLAINED IN
EXTREME PLACE ON EARTH ARE
STARTING TO UNCOVER THE ANSWERS
ASTROBIOLOGISTS ARE SEEKING.
TODAY, WE ARE GOING TO SPEAK TO
EXPLORES WHO HAVE EXTREME
LANDSCAPE AND PROVIDE LANDSCAPE
FOR LIFE BEYOND EARTH, BUT
BEFORE WE HEAR FROM THEM,
LET'S LEARN MORE ABOUT
ASTROBIOLOGY ♪
♪
>> I AM SO EXCITED TODAY IN
HONOR OF HISTORY MONTH WE HAVE
ALL FEMALE EPISODE SO I AM HERE
WITH RESEARCH SCIENTIST AT NASA
AMES RESEARCH CENTER AND
DR. JACKIE GOORDIAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGIST,
UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH
DR. DARLENE LIM, RESEARCH
SCIENTIST, NASA AMES.
>> THANKS FOR HAVING US.
>> YEAH.
THIS IS GO GOING TO BE GREAT.
I AM EXCITED.
SO TOP OF COVER.
JUST TO START WITH THE BASICS.
CAN YOU TELL US WHAT IS ASTRO
BIOLOGY.
>> OK.
WAY TO START JUST BY BREAKING
DOWN THE WORD ASTROBIOLOGY.
ASTRO MEANING STAR.
BIOLOGY MEANING THE STUDY OF
LIFE, FOR LIFE.
ASTROBIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF
STAR LIFE.
THE SEARCH FOR LIFE BEYOND THE
PLANET AND BEYOND OUR OWN SOLAR
SYSTEM IN THE UNIVERSE AS LARGE
BUT ASTROBIOLOGY CONCERNS ITSELF
WITH THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON
EARTH.
HOW DID LIFE START HERE IN THE
FIRST PLACE?
>> AMAZING.
YOU HAVE EXPERIENCE THE FIELD
AND ALSO FIELD RESEARCH.
CAN YOU SHARE THOSE EXPERIENCES?
TELL US WHAT IS A DAY LIKE IN
THE LIFE OF ASTRO BIOLOGIST?
DARLENE, MAYBE WE CAN START WITH
YOU.
>> NEVER A DULL DAY.
IT IS ALWAYS EXCITING.
BOTH JACKIE AVAILABLE THE
PRIVILEGE OF DOING WORK THAT
TAKES US ALL OVER THE WORLD AS
WELL INTO OPTUM LABS AND
DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS WHERE WE
HAVE TO DEAL WITH PEOPLE EVERY
DAY.
BUT SOME OF THE PLACES WE DO GET
TO GO TAKE US INTO EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS I HAVE BEEN WORKING
MOST RECENTLY ACTUAL IN THERE
BIG ISLAND OF HAWAII AS WELL AS
OUT AT SEA.
SO THESE ARE IMAGES FROM RECENT
PLACES WHERE WE WERE ACTUALLY
LOOKING AT LIFE AND VOLCANIC
SETTING.
THIS IS VIDEO FROM A DEEP SEA
EVENT OFF THE COAST WHERE OREGON
AND CALIFORNIA MEET.
HERE WE ARE REMOTELY OPERATED
VEHICLE, A FEW KILOMETERS
UNDERWATER COLLECT WATER AND
ROCK SAMPLES?
WHAT EXAMINES THE CHEMISTRY AND
THE MICROBIAL AND LIVING WITH
THE WATER CHEMISTRY AND WE DO
THAT SO WE CAN UNDERSTAND LIFE
AS IT PERTAINS TO THE
DEVELOPMENT HERE ON EARTH AND
HOW THAT MAY ALSO BE TAKING HOLD
ELSEWHERE ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM
AND BEYOND.
SO PRETTY FUN EVERY SINGLE DAY.
>> THAT IS AMAZING.
LOOKS LIKE A LOT OF SCIENCE.
JACKIE, WHAT ABOUT YOU?
>> YEAH.
I WANT TO FOCUS WHAT THE LAND
SET PRIVILEGE TO GET SEE SOME OF
THE WONDERFUL EXTREME SITES ON
OUR OWN PLANET AND A DAY IN THE
FIELD IS VERY BUSY AND IT IS
VERY REWARDING.
AND SO YOU ARE LOOKING AT SOME
PHOTOS HERE OF ONE OF THE
FAVORITE SITES THIS IS A DRIVE
AND IT IS THE COLDEST AND DRIEST
PLACE THAT WE HAVE ON THE PLANET
THAT YOU CAN SEE HERE.
IT KIND OF LOOKS LAKE A BARREN
DESERT WASTELAND, ALMOST.
A CHAIN FIELD IN THE ENVIRONMENT
IS LOOKING AT THE PHOTO HERE.
DRILLING THROUGH PERMAFROST.
THE COLD, FROZEN, YOU KNOW,
ENVIRONMENT TO LOOK AWAY, SO
MAYBE SURVIVING OR EVEN THRIVING
IN THESE COLD AREAS OF SOILS
THIS IS CONSIDERED TO BE REALLY
HIGH FIDELITY ANALOG.
MARS IS REALLY COLD AND DRY
PLANET SO THE WORK WE DO IN THE
ENVIRONMENTS LIKE THIS HELP US
KNOW, YOU KNOW, HOW AND WHERE WE
COULD LOOK FOR LIFE ON OR BODIES
SUCH AS MARS.
>> AMAZING.
>> AND SPEAKING OF LIFE
ELSEWHERE IN THE UNIVERSE, WHAT
ARE OTHER WAYS WHICH NAS SAYS
CURRENTLY SEARCHING FOR LIFE
ELSEWHERE?
>> SO, THINK, YOU CAN SORT OF
SPIN NIGHT THREE DIFFERENT
CATEGORIES.
ONE OF THEM AS WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT WASS ACTUALLY LOOKING TO
OUR PLANET AS AN EXAMPLE FOR
WHAT COULD HAVE EXISTED IN THE
PATH ON OTHER PLANETS SO WE WILL
GO HIT TO ANALOG AND SEE VIDEO
HERE AGAIN FROM ANOTHER NAN LOG
IN HIDE LO SAN CONDUCT WORK THAT
HELPS US LEARN ABOUT THIS PLANET
AS WELL AS OTHERS THEN THERE ARE
OTHER THINGS SUCH AS MISSIONS,
1:00 SPACEFLIGHT MISSION, GROUND
BASED MISSIONS THAT ARE ALLOWING
US TO OBSERVE AND UNDERSTAND THE
EXTREMITIES OF THE CHEMISTRY AND
HABITABILITY POTENTIAL OF OTHER
SYSTEMS THEN, THERE IS SORT OF A
THIRD BIN GOING UP.
THAT'S THE LABORATORY.
THAT IS WHAT WE CAN MOVE INTO A
CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT DO SOME
SPECIFIC EXPERIMENTS SO WE CAN
REALLY UNDERSTAND HOW LIFE MIGHT
ACTUALLY RESPOND TO POTENTIAL TO
PRO-LIFE RITE AND TAKE HOLD AND
SO FORTH AND HOW IT MAY ACTUALLY
SURVIVE IN THE EXTREME
CONDITIONS OF SPACE AND BEYOND.
>> ALL GREAT EX PEALS.
WE KNOW SO MUCH OF THIS
RESEARCH, ALL SPACE RESEARCH, IN
FACT, STARTS HERE ON EARTH.
IT IMPORTANT FOR US TO LOOK
INWARD WHEN WE'RE LOOKING FOR
LIFE ELSEWHERE IN THE UNIVERSE?
>> YEAH.
THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
SO RIGHT NOW, WE KNOW OF ONE
PLACE THAT LIFE EXISTS.
IT IS IN OUR OWN BACKYARD.
IT IS OUR PLANET HERE ON EARTH.
WE KNOW LIFE HAS ORIGINATED HERE
ON EARTH.
THIS IS A GREAT PLACE TO START
LOOKING.
WE LOOK AT EARTH TO LOOK AT,
YOU KNOW, LOOKING AT THE ORIGINS
OF LIFE.
LOOK AT ANALOG ENVIRONMENTS TO
THE OWN EARLY EARTH.
PLACE LIKE THERMAL VENTS AND
ALSO SURFACE ENVIRONMENTS LIKE
HOT SPRINGS AND POTENTIAL
CANDIDATES WE ALSO LOOK TO OUR
OWN PLANET TO UNDERSTAND THE
LIMITS TO LIFE ON ETHER.
WE LOOK IN COLD PLACES TO KNOW
WHAT THE LIMITS OF LIFE ON EARTH
IS.
WHAT IS THE HOT LIMITS OF LIFE.
KNOWING, THE LIFE TO HER ON THE
OWN PLANET WILL HELP US
CONSTRAIN WHERE AND HOW WE LIVE
ON OTHER PLANETARY BODIES.
>> AMAZING.
I KNOW I AM NOT THE ONLY ONE
WITH QUESTIONS.
WE HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE
QUESTIONS ANOTHER EXPERT GUESTS
AND WANT TO HEAR THEM.
JOIN THE CONVERSATION, ASK YOUR
QUESTION BY WRITING IN THE
COMMENT BOX WHEREVER YOU ARE
WATCHING THIS OR #ASKNASA ON
SOCIAL MEDIA SO JUMP INTO A
VIEW.
THE FIRST QUESTION IS FROM
TWITTER WHO WANTS TO KNOW WHAT
HAS BEEN YOUR COOLEST DISCOVERY
WHAT IS A DISCOVERY THAT
COVERAGES CAN YOU TO CONTINUE
YOUR RESEARCH?
VIE ONE OFF THE TIP OF MY HEAD.
THAT COLD ENVIRONMENT IS ALSO
THE PLACE OF MY COOLEST
DISCOVERY WHICH IS A SITE ON OUR
OWN PLANET, WHERE WE CANNOT SEEM
TO DETECT ACTIVES LIFE HAPPENING
RIGHT NOW, SO MANY OF YOU KNOW,
MICROORGANISMS EXIST ALMOST
EVERYWHERE ON OUR PLANET.
WE HAVE TO TRY REALLY HARD TO
ACTUALLY GET RID OF THEM.
WE HAVE TO STERILIZE OUR
BOTTLES, ET CETERA.
AND SO, SO THAT, THAT SITE THAT
IS REALLY COLD AND P SITE WAS,
YOU KNOW, THE SITE OF, YOU KNOW,
THE FIRST PERMAFROST ON EARTH.
WE KNEW THERE WERE MICROBES
THERE BECAUSE YOU COULD SEE THEM
WELL THE MICROSCOPE AND SPEAK
THROUGH THE DNA BUT WE COULD NOT
GET ANY HINTS THEY WERE ACTUALLY
ACTIVE.
STEAD IT LOOKED LIKE THEY
PREDOMINANT OR IN A STATE THAT
WAS SIMILAR TO HIBERNATION.
THAT DISCOVERY LED ME ON A WHOLE
RABBIT HOLE OF OTHER
ENVIRONMENTS WHERE
MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE DOMINANT
SEEM TO BE THE NORM RATHER THAN
EXCEPTION.
THAT IS REALLY SINCE THEN THE
DIRECTION THAT THE RESEARCH HAS
BEEN GOING IN.
AMAZING.
DO YOU WANT TO ADD ANYTHING
FIRST OF ALL.
YOU THINK THAT IS FANTASTIC.
SOMETIMES THEY CAN BE GRAND AND
BE NOTICEABLE.
OTHER TIMES, IT IS SORT OF A
PROGRESSION.
S THAT SOMETHING I WANTED TO
HIGHLIGHT FOR THE YOUNGER
VIEWERS OUT THERE.
THAT IS IT DOES TAKE TIME, KNOW,
TO COME TOM THAT MOMENT, AH-HA.
ANOTHER, MY KAY CAREER HAS GONE
FROM STRICTLY LOOKING AT
ASTROBIOLOGY RELATED QUESTIONS
TO NOW MOVING TO SCIENCE
OPERATIONS SOME THAT I WORK ON
ARE ACTUALLY HEAVY AROUND HOW
YOU ORGANIZE PEOPLE SO WE CAN
ACTUALLY INFLUENCE MISSIONS IN
REAL-TIME.
AND SO, AND ACTUALLY IN
CORPORATE SCIENCE INTO THOSE
DECISION MAKINGS.
SO THESE ARE IMAGES OF US
WORKING IN ONE OF THOSE ANALOG
SETTINGS AND HUMAN EXPLORATION
ALONGSIDE AND YOU KNOW, CLOSELY
COUPLED WITH SCIENCE.
HE WE'RE DOING THAT IN
ANTICIPATION OF MISSIONS SUCH AS
ART THE MISSION COMING ON-LINE.
THEN, OF COURSE, LOOKING FORWARD
TO TIME WHEN WE HAVE HUMANS
EXPLORING THE SURFACE OF MARS SO
WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HO,
HOW DO YOU DESIGN SYSTEMS WHERE
YOU HAVE SITTING ON EARTH AND
INTO THE PRACTICE OF DISCOVERY
AND SCIENCE.
THAT HAS BEEN ITSELF, REALLY
INCREDIBLE THAT DOESN'T LAST FOR
A DECADE.
>> YEAH.
SPEAK OF PROCESS.
I LOVE THIS NEXT QUESTION.
MASON ON FACEBOOK WANTS TO KNOW.
WHAT NASA'S PROTOCOL IF THERE IS
CONFIRMED CONTACT WITH
INTELLIGENT LIFE.
WHO WANTS TO TAKE THIS ONE?
>> SO WOW.
THAT IS INTERESTING ONE.
DO NOT SPEAK FOR NASA.
IT IS LOOK LAY PROTOCOL I THINK
A LOT OF DIFFERENT GROUPS HAVE
IDEA ON WHAT THE PROTOCOLS
SHOULD BE.
CERTAINLY BE FRIENDLY BE A GOOD
THING.
YOU KNOW?
SO THE QUESTION TOTALLY HITS THE
NAIL RIGHT ON THE HEAD IN THAT
THERE HAS TO BE PREP RIGS,
READINESS ANOTHER OPPORTUNITY
THAT, YOU KNOW, MAY PREVENT
ITSELF IN THE FEW ARE FUTURE?
>> YEAH.
ABSOLUTELY.
LATER ON IN THIS SERVICE, YOU
ARE WATCHING.
I WILL ASK BOTH OF THEM IF THEY
BELIEVE THERE IS LIFE ON
UNIVERSE SO YOU WILL WANT TO
STAY TUNED TO HEAR THE ANSWERS
LATER.
NEXT A QUESTION FROM FACEBOOK.
WHERE IS THE MOST LOO LIKELY?
>> ACTUALLY.
I THINK MARS IS THE PLANET NEXT
DOOR AND VERY SIMILAR TO EARTH.
BUT SO MARS IS A COLD, DRY
PLANET NOW, BUT IN THE PAST,
MARS WAS A LITTLE BIT WARMER, A
LITTLE ABOUT IT WETTER SHALL A
LOT MORE EARTH-LIKE THAN I THINK
MANY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT, SO I
WOULD SAY THAT THE PLANET NEXT
DOOR IS ONE OF THE MOST MARS
LIKE.
EARTH LIKE.
SORRY.
>> SPEAKING OF EARTH-LIKE
CONDITIONS, ON FACEBOOK WANTS TO
HEAR ABOUT CONDITIONS ON
ANTARCTICA, ANY STRIVING LIFE
FORMS THAT EXISTING IN THOSE
CONDITIONS?
>> SO IN THAT DESERT IN THE
VALLEYS, THE MICROORGANISMS ARE
REALLY THE STAR OF THE SHOW.
THERE IS NOT BIRDS.
BIRDS FLY THROUGH THE AREA.
THERE ARE NO MOSS.
NO PLANTS.
MICROORGANISMS ARE THE ONLY LIFE
PRESENT.
ONE OF THE COOLEST LIFE FORMS IN
THIS AREA ARE ORGANISMS CALLED
CRYPTO, SO BREAK DOWN, THE WORD
CRYPTO MEANS HIDDEN, ENDO MEANS
WITHIN.
IT MEANS ROCK.
THAT IS LIFE, THAT IS HIDDEN IN
SPITE OF THE ROCK, YOU CANNOT
SEE IT FROM THE OUTSIDE.
YOU CAN WALK PAST THE ROCKS
WOULD YOU NEVER KNOW IT IS
TEAMING WITH LIFE.
IF YOU STAKE HAMMER.
CRACK IT OPEN.
YOU WOULD SPEAK BRIGHT GREEN OF
PHOTO SYNTHETIC ORGANISMS THAT
ARE USING ENERGY THE SUN TO
PHOTOSYNTHESIZE AND SUPPORT
ENTIRE COMMUNITIES OF
MICROORGANISMS THAT WHAT IS WHAT
THE PHOTO IS, CRACK OPEN ONE OF
THE ROCKS TO FIND THE LIFE THAT
IS TEAMING INSIDE.
>> AMAZING.
REMEMBER YOU CAN JOIN THE
CONVERSATION, TOO, ASK YOUR
QUESTION BY WRITING IN THE
COMMENT BOX WHEREVER ARE
WATCHING OR USE THE HASHTAG ASK
NASA ON SOCIAL MEDIA.
WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK.
FIRST, LET'S TAKE LOOK AT THE
OTHER WAYS NASA EXPLORERS ARE
VENTURING FOR SCIENCE.
>> HI.
I AM MORGAN, NASA SCIENTISTS.
MORGAN.
SHE IS PROBABLY ONE OF NASA'S
BEST PEOPLE FOR EXPLORING OUR
SOLAR SYSTEM'S ICY MOON.
>> A FASCINATING PLACE.
IT HAS LIQUID WATER OCEAN THAT
IS ABOUT THREE TIMES THE VOLUME
OF ALL OF EARTH'S OCEANS
COMBINED! BIND THAT IS A LOFT
WATER.
WELL, IT IS NOT THE ONLY ICY
MOON IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.
NASA IDENTIFIED IT AS ONE OF THE
PLACES WITH KEY POTENTIAL.
MORGAN IS COLLABORATOR ON THE
MAPPING IMAGERY AND INSTRUMENT
SELECTED FOR CLIP ARE THE NEXT
MISSION TO JUPITER'S ICY MOON.
SHE IS PREPARING FUTURE NASA
MISSIONS ON THE SURFACE OF ALIEN
WORLD IN 2018, MORGAN AND
COLLEAGUE FRIENDS FIELD STUDYING
FRESH LAVA.
THE EARTH, IT TURNS OUT, HAS A
LOT OF ANALOG ENVIRONMENTS ,
PLACE THAT ARE SIMILAR ENOUGH TO
SOME OF THE OTHER WORLDS, THAT
WE CAN CONDUCT IN PETS, WE CAN
DO SOME ANALYSIS HERE, AND NOW
THEY ARE NOT PERFECT, OF COURSE.
THEY ARE NOT EXACTLY IT, WE CAN
LEARN A LOT BY TESTING IN THESE
ENVIRONMENTS SOMEPLACE INCLUDE
ANTARCTICA, THE ARCTIC CIRCLE,
BUT A LOT OF OTHER PLACES TOO,
ALASKA, GREENLAND, ICELAND.
ANY PLACE WHERE YOU HAVE A LOT
OF ICE.
A LOT OF ICE.
GENTLEMEN 23409 FOUND LIFE
BEYOND EARTH YET.
FIRST, INDICATE IT COULD BE
MICROBIAL LIFE.
MORGAN MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO BOTH
APPRECIATE THE LIFE WE HAVE HERE
ON EARTH AND SEE LIFE IN OUR
SOLAR SYSTEM YET TO BE
DISCOVERED.
>> SUM.
I AM WONDERING HOW DID YOU GET
IN ARE STARTED?
WHAT INSPIRED TO YOU PURSUE THE
FIELD OF RESEARCH?
DARLENE LIM, MAYBE WE CAN
>> OK.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR QUESTION.
REALLY I HAVE TO SHOW MY
GRATITUDE SO MANY OTHER WOMEN
AND MEN MIN LIFE THAT HAVE BEEN
GRACIOUS, GENEROUS, IN BRIDGE ME
INTO THE WORLD, AND NOON THE
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY THAT ARE
NOW A PART OF, ALSO FOR SHARING
THEIR KNOWLEDGE WITH ME, WHEN I
WAS YOUNGER, THEN NURTURING MY
CAREER AS IT WENT.
THEN I LOOK FURTHER BACK IN
TIME.
HAVE A LOT OF GRATITUDE TO MY
PARENTS WHO ARE IMMIGRANTS TO
DAN WHO WANTED TO EMBRACE THE
NEW COUNTRY THEY JUST COME TO.
WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME FISHING,
CAMPING EXPLORING OUTDOORS, AND
YOU NEED A LOVE FOR OBSERVATION,
FOR THE NATURAL WORLD AROUND ME.
THEN, THAT STAYED WITH KNOW THIS
DAY AND WHAT I MADE A CAREER OUT
OF.
I FEEL FORTUNATE IN THAT HAVE
MOVED IN THAT DIRECTION AND HAVE
THE LIGHT OF THE PACK.
>> YEAH.
WHAT YOU?
YEAH.
WOULD SAY THE PATH IN BIOLOGY IS
SIMILAR TO DARLENE.
I WAS REALLY, REALLY LUCKY
ENOUGH TO HAVE GREAT MENTORS.
I ACTUALLY DIDN'T KNOW THE FIELD
OF ASTRO BIOLOGY EXISTED UNTIL I
WAS UNDERGRAD DATE AND THERE
WERE NO ASTROBIOLOGY COURSES AT
MY SCHOOL.
I WAS NOT UNTIL I HAPPENED TO BE
DOING RESEARCH THAT YOU KNOW,
MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH IN
ENVIRONMENT THEN I HAD A MENTOR
WHO WAS VERY INTO ASTROBIOLOGY
AND THESE MENTORS REALLY GUIDED
ME AND PRODUCED ME TO THIS FIELD
AND I QUICKLY FELL IN LOVE WITH
IT.
TO BE IN IT EVERY SENSE.
>> WELL, I AM SO EXCITED FOR ALL
OF THE FOLKS WHO WILL COME
BEHIND YOU AND REALLY EXCITING
FIELD.
SO BEFORE WE GET INTO EVERYONE
ELSE'S QUESTIONS, I HAVE ABOUT O
HAVE TO ASK, DO YOU EACH BELIEVE
THAT LIFE EXIST ELSEWHERE IN THE
UNIVERSE?
I WILL HAVE TO PUT YOU ON THE
SPOT.
YEAH.
>> YEAH.
I THINK.
YES.
IT IS A LOT OF ACTIVE RIGHT NOW
TO TRY MAKE SURE WE GO OUT ANTES
THE HYPOTHESIS, NEAR FIELD,
FAIRFIELD, EXCITING TIME TO BE
INSIDE IN ASTROBIOLOGY.
>> AMAZING.
OK.
>> OK.
THE FIRST ONE IS ON FACEBOOK WHO
ASKS: HOW MUCH OPTIMISM IS
THERE ABOUT LIFE ON MAR
SPECIFICALLY?
>> THAT IS A GOOD QUESTION.
THE FACT WE HAVE SO MANY
MISSIONS CURRENTLY OPERATE ON
MARS, THAT HAVE OPERATED ON
MARS, AND DID STARTED OPERATING
ON MARS SHOULD GIVE AS TO THE
AMOUNT OF ENTHUSIASM, AND GIANT
MOTIVATION THAT, YOU KNOW, IT IS
JUST PERMEATING THROUGHOUT THE
COMMUNITY.
IT IS VERY EXCITING LANDSCAPE TO
EXPLORE, A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE
ALSO THOUGHT ABOUT THIS
LANDSCAPE ON MARS, THROUGH THE
LENS OF ANALOG WORK ON EAR, SOB
THERE IS, YOU KNOW, A LOT OF
RESEARCHING THAT HAS BEEN DONE,
TO GET US TO THIS PARTICULAR
MOMENT IN TIME.
THINK WE ARE SEEING A LOT OF
ENTHUSIASM AROUND CAPITALIZING
ON AL THE KNOWLEDGE TO CASH IT
THEN TRYING TO GO FORWARD WHERE
FROM.
YEAH.
THINK THE ANSWER IS GOOD TIME TO
BE IN THE FIELD.
>> SURE.
PATRICK WANTS TO HEAR MORE.
DO YOU THINK WE WILL FIND LIFE
THAT DOESN'T LIQUID WATER?
>> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
WE HAVE ASTROBIOLOGY WHICH THERE
ARE LIKE LAKES OF HYDROCARBONS
COULD THERE BE LIFE ON A PLACE
LIKE TITAN THAT USES ANOTHER
SOLVENT, YOU KNOW, INSTEAD OF
WATER, HYDROCARBON, YOU KNOW,
THESE ARE QUESTIONS THAT
ASTROBIOLOGISTS ARE ASKING IN A
THINK, YOU OH, MANY THINGS ARE
UPPING THEIR GAME.
BUT AS OF RIGHT NOW.
WE DON'T KNOW IF ANY OF THESE
LIFE FORMS, OF COURSE.
YEAH.
ABSOLUTELY.
>> WELL, ON FACEBOOK WANTS TO
KNOW WHERE DO YOU THINKS THE
BEST CANDIDATE FOR EXTRA
TERRESTRIAL LIFE?
>> I THINK WE CAN CONSIDER IT
WITHIN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND YOU
ARE LOOKING TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION FROM AN EXISTING, YOU
KNOW, LIFE FORM PERSPECTIVE,
THAT I WOULD GO TO GO TO THE
OCEAN WORLDS THAT WERE EXCITED
ABOUT, EUROPA, AS AN EXAMPLE.
I THINK, YOU KNOW, AGAIN, WHEN
WE BUY THE PREVIOUS QUESTION.
THE ENTHUSIASM IN THE
MOTIVATION.
SO MUCH DATA BUILT UP AND WE
HAVE OTHER FLIGHT MISSIONS THAT
HAVE GONE FOR EXAMPLE, THERE IS
GENERATING DATA THAT GIVES AS
YOU BETTER SENSE OF HOW TO
STRATEGIZE AND GET OURSELVES
READY FOR MISSIONS THAT WILL
TAKE US INTO, YOU OH, INTO THESE
ENVIRONMENTS AND THEN ALLOW US
TO INTERROGATE PROPERLY SO LOOK.
YES.
THERE IS LIFE THAT IS EXPECTING
IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM RIGHT NOW
BEYOND OUR OWN PLANET.
>> SO I KNOW BOTH OF YOU ARE
PROFESSIONALS AND EXPERTS IN THE
FIELD.
BUZZ ANYONE ON TWITTER WANTS TO
KNOW DO YOU HAVE EXAMPLES OF A
SCIENCE WHERE YOU MADE A
MISTAKE, SOMETHING YOU CAN LAUGH
ABOUT NOW?
>> I MEAN SO MANY, I CANNOT EVEN
COUNT.
>> RIGHT.
NI?
I HAVE MADE OF MISLABELING
SOMETHING OR MAKING RECALCULATE
FOR FORGETTING TO KARA ZERO AND
SCREWING UP AN EXPERIMENT.
THERE ARE FAILS LIKE, LIKE ONE
TIME, WE HAD FREEZER THAT BROKE
DOWN ON LONG WEEKEND, SO NO ONE
WAS AROUND TO HEAR THE FREEZER
ALARMS GOING OFF.
WE LOST PRECIOUS SAMPLES AND
DEVASTATING AT THINK TIME.
NOW, YOU KNOW, IT IS LAUGHABLE.
WAS NOT A HUGE HUGE FEEL IN THE
GRAND SCHEME OF THINGS.
>> JUST COME BACK TO THE JOB WE
DO.
WE WORK IN ANALOG ENVIRONMENTS
AND WE'RE HERE ON EARTH.
HE WE'RE STUDYING THE EARTH,
THEN ANTICIPATING STUDY OTHER
SYMPTOM WHEN WE WORK ON EARTH,
WE ARE AFFORDED THE ABILITY TO
MAKE MISTAKES AND MISTAKES THAT
ARE FAR MORE COSTLY AND
IMPACTFUL IF YOU MAKE THEM IN A
SINGULAR FLIGHT MISSION TO
EUROPA.
MISTAKES ARE PART OF THE JOB.
YOU HAVE TO LIVE WITH IT.
BACK THAT COMES ANXIETY.
SO YOU KNOW A, AGAIN FOR ALL THE
YOUNGER LISTENERS TROUTS.
KNOWING YOU WILL MAKE MISTAKES.
YOU HAVE TO MAKE MISTAKES IN
ORDER TO LAYER ON UNDERSTAND AND
HOW TO MOVE THROUGH THINGS
BETTER.
THAT IS PART OF THE PROGRAM AND
ANXIETY MEANS THAT YOU CARE.
YOU CARE AND INTENSELY.
SO IT REALLY IS BAKED INTO THE
PROFESSION, IF YOU WILT, TO MAKE
MISTAKES AND HAVE A LITTLE
ANXIOUSNESS ABOUT THE WHOLE
THING.
>> WELL, SAID.
>> ON TWITTER WANTS TO KNOW WHAT
PART OF THE WORLD DO YOU WORK IN
MOST?
>> I WORK THE MOST IN CANADA.
SO DAN HAS A LOT OF COLD
ENVIRONMENTS, WE KNOW A LOT OF
THINK ASTROBIOLOGY TARGETS ARE
ALSO COLD ENVIRONMENT IS SO WORK
IN THE CANADIAN HIGH R
ARCHITECT.
I THINK SORT OF WORKED ALL OVER
THE WORLD TO BE HONEST.
IN A USED TO WORK DURING THE
GRADUATE PROGRAM IN THE CANADIAN
ARCTIC.
BUT SINCE THEN, ID THE
OPPORTUNITY TO WORK ALL OVER
THIS PLACE AS WELL AS UNDER
WATER, ON WATER, ON EFFORTS, ON
LAND, AND IT IS JOUST MANY
DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES.
STROWS FIGURE OUT WHAT IT IS YOU
ARE INTERESTED IN.
WHAT YOUR QUESTION IS.
THEN GO TO THE RIGHT PLACE AND
TAKE MAC SURE IT IS SAFE.
CAN GET TO IT.
THEN, WITHOUT, WITHOUT,
COMPROMISING ANYONE'S SAFETY,
THEN, YOU CAN MAKE DECISIONS
FROM THERE.
WE'RE SELECTIVE AND CAREFUL
BILLION WHERE WE GO.
BUT CERTAINLY LOTS OF
INTERESTING PLACES RIGHT IN OUR
OWN BACKYARD IF YOU WILL TO
EXPLORE.
>> YEAH.
YEAH.
ABSOLUTELY.
OK.
WHAT IS A REGULAR DAY AS
ASTROBIOLOGIST LOOK LIKE?
>> WELL, YEAH.
GO AHEAD.
>> WELL, FOR ME, IT TYPICALLY
LOOKS LIKE ACTUALLY EITHER BEING
THE COMPUTER OR BEING IN MY
LOVE.
SO THE WORK I DO IS, DNA OR
MATERIAL INTERESTS ENVIRONMENTS
AND THAT TAKES PLACE IN THE LAB,
SO A LOT OF EXPERIMENTING THAT
IS GOES THAN THE LAB.
BUNS I GET THE DATA BACK.
A LOT OF THAT IS CRUNCHING THOSE
NUMBERS AND LOOKING AT THE DNA
SEQUENCES ON MY COMPUTER.
THAT IS WHERE I SPEND THE VAST
MAJORITY OF MY TIME.
>> YEP.
>> YEAH.
THAT IS MOMENT IN TIME THAT GETS
TO THE PRESS OR PEOPLE TWEET
ABOUT IN THE FIELD IT GARNERS
THE MISATTENTION.
IN FACT, YOU KNOW, ABOUT 90% OF
OUR TIME IS OUT OF THE FIELD AND
GETTING READY TO GO TO THE
FIELD.
WITH THE DATA OR WORKING WITH
PEOPLE.
WE'RE IN MEETINGS ALL THE TIME
SLIGHT PERSONAL INTERACTIONS
TRYING TO BUILD SO WE CAN TACKLE
THESE REALLY TOUGH QUESTIONS.
THEN THAT IS WHERE THE HARD WORK
KIND OF HAPPENS AND PLAY OUT
VERY MUCH LIKE GETTING READY IN
TRAINING TO GET INTO THAT
INTENSE MOMENT OF TIME.
YOU REALLY DOLL HAVE ONE SHOT TO
GET IT RIGHT.
>> YEAH.
SO WE HAVE 30 SECONDS LEFT BUT A
LOT OF PEOPLE ARE ASKING AND
WONDERFUL WHAT DO THEY DO TO
BECOME ASTRO BIOLOGIST SO REALLY
QUICKLY.
JACKIE OR DARLENE, DO YOU WANT
TO GIVE ADVISE?
>> FOLLOW THE DREAMS.
SO MANY WAYS TO BECOME ASTRO
BIOLOGIST.
IT IS SUCH INTRADISCIPLINARY
SCIENCE SO IF YOU ARE INTERESTED
IN CHEMISTRY, ANTHROPOLOGY,
BIOLOGY IN WHATEVER PATH WORKS
FOR YOU.
>> YEAH.
>> YOU SAID IT WELL.
SO MANY ENTRY POINTS.
>> IT EXCITING.
AM SURE THERE ARE GOING TO BE
COME AND WERE INSPIRED BY BOTH
OF.
YOU THAT IS ALL THE TIME WE VERY
TODAY.
THANKS SO MUCH, JACKIE AND
DARLENE FOR JOINING US.
>> THANKS.
THANK YOU TO EVERYONE JOINING US
AT HOME.
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO LEARN MORE
ABOUT THE SEARCH FOR LIFE BEYOND
EARTH.
VISIT ASTRO BIOLOGY AND FOLLOW
ALONG ON SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE
BIOLOGY ACCOUNT ON FACEBOOK AND
TWITTER.
LEARN MORE TO VENTURE AND
EXTREME INTERESTING LOCATION ON
EARTH FOR THEIR WORK AND FOLLOW
NASA ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER AND
THRILLED WE COULD JOIN US Z WE
TALK TO TRAILBLAZING WOMEN TO
FIND LIFE BEYOND EARTH.
HAPPY WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
UNTIL NEXT TIME.
♪