>> WELL, EVERYBODY GOT
REALLY QUIET, SO THIS IS GOOD.
THEY TOLD ME I'M GONNA HAVE
TO CALL THE ROOM TO ORDER,
BUT YOU ALREADY KNOW WHAT TO DO,
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
SO I'M JOHN SANKOVIC,
I'M THE PRESIDENT OF
THE OHIO AEROSPACE INSTITUTE.
I'M-I'M PLEASED TO KICK
THIS EVENT OFF.
UH, THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR BEING HERE.
UM, YOU KNOW, I JUST THREW
A WEDDING A YEAR AGO
DURING COVID, SO THIS IS
LIKE A SECOND WEDDING, ALMOST,
FOR ME AS THE FATHER
OF THE BRIDE.
UM, SO, YOU KNOW,
THROWING ONE OF THESE EVENTS
IS ALWAYS VERY STRESSFUL,
ESPECIALLY FOR GETTING
THE LOGISTICS TOGETHER
AND ALL THE PEOPLE.
AND THE BIGGEST WORRY
THAT I HAD IS WONDERING
IF ANYONE WAS GONNA SHOW, RIGHT?
WE INVITED ALL THESE PEOPLE.
AND I'M PLEASED TO SAY THAT
THIS IS THE LARGEST TURNOUT
WE'VE HAD, UH, FOR
AN EVENING WITH THE STARS.
SO THANK YOU,
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
SO IT OBVIOUSLY HAS
A LOT TO DO WITH THE SPEAKERS,
AND HAS EVEN MORE TO DO
WITH-WITH THE WONDERFUL VENUE
THAT WE HAVE.
SO, THANK YOU VERY MUCH TO
CLEVELAND STATE FOR HOSTING US.
SO I KNOW THAT, UH, ALL OF YOU
ARE VERY BUSY PEOPLE.
YOUR EVENINGS ARE
EVEN MORE PRECIOUS
BECAUSE YOU'RE SO BUSY.
YOU'VE GOT A LOT OF OPTIONS,
UH, YOU DIDN'T NEED
TO BE HERE TONIGHT.
YOU KNOW, WE-WE FINALLY, WE–-
THE BROWNS HAVE MOMENTUM.
I CAN STOP TELLING MY KIDS,
"NO, NO, THE RAVENS HAVE
A WINNING RECORD".
THEY'RE REALLY THE BROWNS RIGHT?
JUST-JUST LOOK AT THAT--
LOOK AT THEM.
SO, UM, YOU KNOW, AND I ALSO
RECOGNIZE THAT TONIGHT,
I KNOW THE, UH, OUR COLLEAGUES
AT THE FBI ARE HAVING
THEIR OPEN HOUSE.
SO THEY'VE PULLED A FEW PEOPLE
FROM-FROM, UH, OUR EVENT
TO THEIR EVENT,
AND I WISH THEM--
WISH THEM WELL TODAY, TOO.
I INVITED THEM TO COME OVER
FOR A COUPLE OF BEERS
AFTERWARDS.
UM, YOU KNOW, I THINK,
YOU KNOW, BUT I REALLY
FINALLY WAS LOOKING TO SEE
WHAT DROVE ALL THESE PEOPLE
HERE, UH, AND KIND OF
WHAT YOU'RE THINKING.
SO, YOU KNOW, WITH A PANDEMIC,
YOU'VE HAD A LOT OF TIME TO HAVE
ALL THESE STREAMING SERVICES,
AND, UH, I KNOW YOU'RE
ALL NASA PEOPLE BECAUSE
I'M A FORMER NASA PERSON,
SO I'M SURE YOU DON'T PAY
FOR THE THE WHOLE HULU THAT
DOESN'T HAVE THE ADS, RIGHT?
YOU'RE TOO CHEAP.
SO YOU PAY FOR THE OTHER HULU
AND YOU GET
ALL THOSE CYNDI LAUPER ADS
FOR BIG PHARMA.
AND SO YOU PROBABLY ARE
THINKING, HEY, YOU KNOW,
THE ROCK HALL INDUCTION
IS THIS WEEK, SO MAYBE
I CAN GO ON THEIR WEBSITE
AND-AND-AND GET SOME TICKETS.
SO I-I ACTUALLY DID.
I WENT ON THE WEBSITE
AND I WENT TO SEE–-
AND ACTUALLY, THE GO-GO'S,
I THINK, ARE TONIGHT,
IS ONE OF THE BIG EVENTS.
SO YOU MIGHT ACTUALLY SEE
SOME STARS IN THE CITY
FOR THOSE WHO ARE OUTSIDE
BESIDES THE NASA SPEAKERS.
AND SO IF YOU GO,
ACTUALLY, YOU LOOK–-
YOU PROBABLY THOUGHT
NOSTALGICALLY, YOU KNOW,
IF YOU GREW UP IN THE 80s,
AS-AS I DID, UM, YOU KNOW,
ONE OF THE THINGS WAS MAYBE
SNEAK A COUPLE OF BEERS
INTO THE COLISEUM
AND SEE A-SEE A CONCERT.
UM, BUT NOW, IN ORDER TO
GO TO THE ROCK HALL
FOR THE INDUCTION CEREMONIES,
YOU'VE GOTTA PULL OUT
YOUR SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO,
YOU'VE GOT TO GO AHEAD AND IN
HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE,
WIRELESSLY CONNECT
USING AN 802 STANDARD.
UM, YOU'VE GOTTA GO
TO THEIR WEBSITE, RIGHT?
YOU EVENTUALLY, GET THERE.
AND THEN IN ORDER TO GO
TO THE EVENT, YOU'VE GOT TO,
BECAUSE OF CONTROL OF
THE SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY
SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS,
NOT ONE, BUT TWO,
UM, YOU NEED A MESSENGER
RIBONUCLEIC ACID VACCINE
WITH A NEGATIVE RESULT ON
THAT TEST, OR ONE THAT AMPLIFIES
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID BASED ON
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION,
OR ONE THAT HAS
AN ANTIGEN OR MOLECULAR BASE.
SO YOU COULD CHOOSE THREE RIGHT?
SO AFTER YOU DO ALL THAT,
YOU PROBABLY SAID,
YOU KNOW, "HOLD IT, THAT'S JUST
WAY TOO MUCH SCIENCE", RIGHT?
SO INSTEAD OF DOING THAT,
YOU DECIDED TO COME TO ONE
OF THE TOP RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES
IN THE AREA AND LISTEN
TO NASA TALK AND HAVE
A COUPLE BEERS.
SO-SO THANK YOU FOR COMING.
UM...
WE–- MANY FOLKS HAVEN'T
SEEN EACH OTHER IN A WHILE,
EXCEPT VIRTUALLY,
SO THIS IS THE 3D VERSION
OF ALL THESE PEOPLE.
UM, TIMES HAVE REALLY
CHANGED, RIGHT?
SO YOU–YOU KNOW, YOU NEED
NOW TWO PHDS
WHEN COMPUTER ENGINEERING
AND BIOCHEMISTRY
TO GO TO A ROCK CONCERT,
BUT YOU COULD COME
AND LISTEN TO NASA WITH–-
AND ENJOY YOURSELF.
SO, UM, FIRST OFF, I'D LIKE
TO THANK THE, UH,
REPRESENTATIVES FROM
OUR STATE, FEDERAL, AND LOCAL,
UH, POLITICAL REPRESENTATION.
THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR THE SUPPORT OF NASA,
FOR SUPPORT OF THE AEROSPACE
INDUSTRY IN THE REGION.
WE'VE HAD TREMENDOUS,
UH, SUPPORT IN THE PAST
AND IT'S BEEN NOTHING
BUT INCREASING.
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH
TO ALL THOSE ELECTED
REPRESENTATIVES THAT-THAT
SUPPORT THE-THE INSTITUTIONS
THAT-THAT WE SUPPORT.
UM...
I KNOW TODAY WE–-
I SAW THE REPRESENTATIVE
FROM THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE,
COLONEL JOE ZEIS IS HERE,
AND I'M SURE THERE'S
MANY OTHERS.
SO PLEASE, PLEASE, UH,
AS YOU'RE MINGLING, UM,
HAVE A CHANCE TO TALK TO THEM
AND-AND TELL THEM HOW MUCH
YOU APPRECIATE THE WORK
THAT NASA DOES.
SO WE'RE GONNA GET TO SEE
THE NASA STARS
THAT SHINE TONIGHT,
BUT REALLY, THE DARK ENERGY
BEHIND THE SCENES
IN OUR LOCAL UNIVERSE THAT
ENABLES THAT TO HAPPEN IS
REALLY THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY.
SO IF YOU LIKE THE PUN
I JUST PUT IN
AND WOVE ALL THAT TOGETHER,
YOU CAN PLEASE STOP BY
THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM,
THE SHAFRAN PLANETARIUM THERE,
THEY CAN HELP YOU LIVE
WITH THE COSMOLOGY.
UM, YOU KNOW, GOING BACK,
NASA'S BEEN HERE
FOR OVER 80 YEARS.
AND REALLY AT THE INCEPTION,
IT WAS THAT BUSINESS COMMUNITY
THAT ENABLED NASA TO BE HERE,
AND SPECIFICALLY THE WORK
OF TWO INSTITUTIONS.
ONE OF THOSE INSTITUTIONS
IS A PREDECESSOR TO THE GREATER
CLEVELAND PARTNERSHIP.
THAT BUSINESS CHAMBER, UH,
REALLY FOUGHT VERY HARD TO HAVE
THE NASA PROPULSION CENTER
CENTERED HERE IN CLEVELAND.
AND THE SECOND WAS
THE ELECTRIC UTILITY,
THE PREDECESSOR TO FIRST ENERGY.
THAT ALSO ENABLED THAT
TO HAPPEN.
SO FROM THE BEGINNING,
ALL THE WAY FOR 80 YEARS,
THAT BUSINESS COMMUNITY
HAS STOOD OUT AND SUPPORTED
THIS INSTITUTION.
AND I'M-I'M PLEASED TODAY
THAT WE HAVE BAIJU SHAH HERE
REPRESENTING, UH, THE GREATER
CLEVELAND PARTNERSHIP.
UM, AND THIS EVENT IN PARTICULAR
COULD NOT HAPPEN
WITHOUT OUR SPONSORS.
UM, IT'S A WONDERFUL EVENT,
BUT THE SPONSORS
HAVE REALLY POURED OUT,
UH, THEIR SUPPORT THIS YEAR,
UM, IN-IN REALLY A STELLAR WAY.
SO I'D LIKE TO THANK THEM.
UH, THE OHIO SPACE INSTITUTE–-
AEROSPACE INSTITUTE,
MY ORGANIZATION, WAS PUT
IN PLACE THROUGH THE VISION
OF SENATOR JOHN GLENN
THROUGH THE NASA LEWIS
RESEARCH CENTER DIRECTOR
AT THE TIME, UH,
DR. JOHN KLINEBERG,
AND THEN THE GOVERNOR, UH,
AT THE TIME, DICK CELESTE.
THOSE ORGANIZATIONS
AND THOSE PEOPLE CAME TOGETHER
32 YEARS AGO
TO ENABLE MY INSTITUTE
TO LINK ACADEMIA, INDUSTRY,
AND OUR FEDERAL LABORATORIES
TOGETHER AND TO SUPPORT
AEROSPACE IN THE STATE.
AND WE'RE VERY PLEASED THAT
THROUGH OUR BOARD OF TRUSTEES,
WE WERE ABLE TO-TO SUPPORT
THIS EVENT.
AND I BELIEVE SOME OF
MY-MY BOARD MEMBERS
ARE HERE TONIGHT,
SO THANK YOU TO THEM.
UM, NEXT, TO OUR PREMIERE
SPONSOR IS JOBSOHIO.
SO JOBSOHIO IS THE STATE
PRIVATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATION.
IT'S LED BY MR. JP NAUSEEF.
AND JOBSOHIO IS WORKING
VERY, VERY HARD TO MAKE OHIO
THE BEST PLACE TO LOCATE
AND EXPAND YOUR BUSINESS.
UM, UNFORTUNATELY, MR. NAUSEEF
WAS UNABLE TO ATTEND TODAY,
BUT I HAD THE TIME TO CHAT
WITH HIM, UH, LAST WEEK
AND I THANKED HIM PERSONALLY,
AND HE WISHED
EVERYONE HERE WELL.
WE DO HAVE TERRY SLAYBAUGH HERE,
AND HE'LL GIVE A FEW WORDS
IN A SECOND.
UH, ALSO FROM JOBSOHIO,
I ESPECIALLY WANTED
TO RECOGNIZE, UH,
RETIRED LIEUTENANT COLONEL
ELAINE BRYANT, WHO RUNS
THE FEDERAL-FEDERAL MILITARY,
UH, FEDERAL MILITARY SECTOR
FOR JOBSOHIO.
UH, NOT TO MAKE HER FEEL BAD,
BUT TODAY'S ELAINE'S BIRTHDAY,
SO PLEASE WISH ELAINE
A HAPPY BIRTHDAY.
SO THANK YOU, ELAINE.
SO–- AND-AND, YOU KNOW,
I THINK THAT EPITOMIZES
THE SUPPORT THAT'S GIVEN, RIGHT?
SO ELAINE CHOSE TO COME UP HERE
ON SUCH A SPECIAL DAY
AND BE WITH US.
UH, SO-SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
UM, ALSO REPRESENTATIVES
MR. GLENN RICHARDSON, WHO RUNS
BOTH THE ADVANCED MANUFACTURING
AEROSPACE SECTORS.
AND AS I MENTIONED,
ROUNDING OUT THAT LEADERSHIP
IS MR. TERRY SLAYBAUGH.
SO JOBSOHIO IS ALSO
BASED ON PARTNERSHIPS,
AND THE KEY TO THAT SUCCESS
ARE THE REGIONAL PARTNERS.
SO WITH US TODAY ARE
MR. BILL KOEHLER FROM TEAM NEO
AND HIS TEAM.
AND MR. JEFF HOAGLAND
AND HIS TEAM FROM
DAYTON DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
TO THOSE REPRESENTATIVES
FROM THOSE INSTITUTIONS.
SO, I'M GONNA TAKE A MOMENT
AND LET TERRY SAY
A FEW WORDS, PLEASE.
>> JOHN, I THINK, UH, I THINK
YOU COVERED MY WHOLE SPEECH
SO THAT-THAT WAS GOOD.
YOU TOOK THAT PRESSURE
OFF FOR ME.
BUT-BUT ON BEHALF OF JOBSOHIO
AND-AND JP NAUSEEF
AND OUR CHAIRMAN, UH, BOB SMITH,
I REALLY WANNA CONGRATULATE
OAI ON THIS EVENT,
UH, PUTTING THIS TOGETHER.
I WANNA THANK, UH, MARLA
AND GENERAL STRINGER
FOR THE TIME THEY SPENT
TO US TODAY.
WE GOT A TOUR OF-OF ALL OF,
UH, THE FACILITIES HERE.
AND WHENEVER I HEAR,
"THE ONLY ONE IN THE WORLD"
OR, "WE'RE THE ONLY PLACE
THAT CAN DO THIS",
AT JOBSOHIO, THAT-THAT GETS
OUR ATTENTION IN A HURRY
BECAUSE WE'RE MARKETING
THE STATE OF OHIO TO THE WORLD.
AND WE-WE TRULY DO APPRECIATE
THIS PARTNERSHIP WITH-WITH
JOHN AND HIS ORGANIZATION,
WITH BILL KOEHLER, WITH BAIJU,
UH, AND WE REALLY LOOK FORWARD
TO HOW WE CAN PUT OUR RESOURCES
INTO THE EFFORT TO MAKE THIS
THE BEST NASA FACILITY
IN THE UNITED STATES.
THAT-THAT'S OUR GOAL.
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR GIVING US THE OPPORTUNITY
TO SPONSOR THIS
AND-AND TO BE HERE TONIGHT.
AND-AND REALLY, CONGRATULATIONS
TO ALL OF YOU AND THANK YOU
FOR THE GREAT WORK
THAT YOU DO FOR OUR COUNTRY
AND FOR THE STATE OF OHIO.
THANK YOU.
>> SO–- THANK YOU, TERRY.
AND I THINK, YOU KNOW,
YOU REALLY SEE WHAT'S HAPPENING
IN THE STATE.
THE-THE LINKAGES BETWEEN
THE FEDERAL, THE STATE,
THE LOCAL AREAS,
THE PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS,
OUR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATIONS,
THE ENTIRE NETWORK,
OUR FEDERAL PARTNERS,
WE'RE ALL COMING TOGETHER
FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE STATE,
AND ACTUALLY FOR THE BENEFIT
OF THE COUNTRY.
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH
TO EVERYONE THERE.
SO–- AND REALLY IMPORTANTLY,
YOU KNOW, FINDING EVENT SPACE
IS VERY DIFFICULT.
AND I DON'T EVEN
SAY THAT LIGHTLY.
WE KEPT TRYING TO FIND
EVENT SPACES AND GOING THROUGH
ALL KINDS OF NIGHTMARES.
AND SO WE HAD A LOT OF HICCUPS
IN-IN THIS EVENT.
AND TO BE HONEST,
UH, WE REALLY PLANNED
THREE EVENTS OVER TWO YEARS.
THIS IS THE ONE WE PULLED OFF,
RIGHT, BECAUSE OF
ALL THE WORK THAT WAS DONE.
SO, YOU KNOW, MY HAT'S OFF
TO PRESIDENT SANDS.
SO WHEN WE REACHED OUT TO
CLEVELAND STATE, 24 HOURS LATER,
WE WERE MOVING FORWARD
WITH THE EVENT.
UM, AND I'M PROUD TO SAY,
YOU KNOW, ONE OF MY ALMA MATERS.
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH
TO CLEVELAND STATE.
YOU KNOW, I THINK YOU'LL AGREE
THAT CSU IS A WONDERFUL VENUE
FOR THIS EVENT THIS YEAR.
I'M SO PLEASED THAT YOU'VE
HAD THE CHANCE TO TAKE A LOOK
AT HOW VIBRANT AND NEW
THE CAMPUS IS AND HOW CONNECTED
IT HAS BECOME WITH THE CITY.
YOU GOT TO SEE SOME OF
THE STUDENTS, UH, INVOLVED,
YOU GOT TO-GOT TO HEAR THEM,
SO THOSE ARE SOME OF THE SENIORS
THAT GOT TO PLAY FOR YOU.
SO IT'S, YOU KNOW,
NOT JUST STEM, BUT IT'S STEAM.
AND THE IMPORTANCE OF, UH,
INCLUSION FOR THE ARTS
AND WITH THE SCIENCES.
SO THAT'S-THAT'S WHAT YOU
GET FROM HAVING
SUCH A TOP-NOTCH UNIVERSITY
IN THE REGION.
SO, SO THANK YOU.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
AND THEN, UH, YOU'LL HAVE TO
BEAR WITH ME A LITTLE BIT MORE
BECAUSE I MENTIONED WE HAVE--
WE HAVE SOME TREMENDOUS
SPONSORS.
SO I WANNA-I WANNA TAKE
A CHANCE TO THANK SOME OF
THOSE TOP-NOTCH SPONSORS.
SO-SO THANKS TO EVERYONE
AT EVERY LEVEL, THOSE ABLE
TO SPONSOR THIS EVENT,
SO FROM THOSE THAT CAME
TO THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL,
TO-TO THE JOBSOHIO FOLKS
THAT CAME IN ON TOP.
BUT I ALSO WANT TO ESPECIALLY
THANK MAXAR TECHNOLOGIES
AND MY COLLEAGUE AND FRIEND
VINCE BILARDO IS HERE
REPRESENTING THEM.
THEY'RE DEVELOPING
THE POWER PROPULSION ELEMENT
THAT WILL BE THE FOCAL POINT
OF THE GATEWAY STATION
AS THE U.S. RETURNS
TO THE LUNAR SURFACE.
HX5 IS A WELCOME ADDITION
TO OUR COMMUNITY.
I'VE HAD THE CHANCE TO WORK
WITH THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY
SURROUNDING EGGLESS–-
EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE
DOWN IN-IN FLORIDA,
AND I WILL TELL YOU THAT'S--
THAT'S A WONDERFUL COMMUNITY
DOWN THERE, AND IT'S JUST A JOY
TO HAVE THEM COMING UP HERE
AND STARTING TO-TO ESTABLISH
ROOTS DOWN HERE.
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH TO HX5.
PARALLAX ADVANCED RESEARCH,
WHO MANAGES THE ADVANCED–-
THE OHIO FEDERAL RESEARCH
NETWORK HAS BEEN
A CONTINUOUS SUPPORTER
OF THIS EVENT, ALONG WITH
ARES TECHNICAL SERVICES.
UH, CASE WESTERN RESERVE
UNIVERSITY, ANOTHER ONE OF
MY ALMA MATERS,
NOT ONLY PROVIDED NASA WITH
ITS FIRST ADMINISTRATOR,
BUT ALSO IS A MAJOR EVENT
SPONSOR, ALONG WITH
ZIN TECHNOLOGIES,
OUR LOCAL SPACE BUSINESS
SUPERSTAR.
SO ZIN IS ALWAYS THERE
WHEN I ASK.
SO, CARLOS, THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR ALL YOU DO.
UM, I'VE TURNED CARLOS, UH,
UPSIDE DOWN SO MANY TIMES
AND SHAKEN THE MONEY
OUT OF HIS POCKETS,
UM, I'M NOT SURE
HOW MUCH MORE IS LEFT.
SO, BUT CARLOS IS ALWAYS THERE
TO LEND A HAND.
ZIN IS-IS REALLY A SUPERSTAR
IN THIS AREA THAT, UH,
I DON'T KNOW IF YOU KNOW,
BUT OF THE FOUR LABORATORIES
ON INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
TWO WERE MADE IN NORTHEAST OHIO
BY ZIN TECHNOLOGIES.
SO, UM, JUST TREMENDOUS,
TREMENDOUS, UH, PARTNER
THAT WE HAVE.
SO THESE FOLKS WERE ALL
RIGHT THERE WHEN I ASKED,
UM, AND NOT ONLY WERE
THEY THERE, THEY MORE THAN
DOUBLED THEIR PAST COMMITMENTS.
SO-SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH
TO THOSE SPONSORS.
SO PLEASE, A ROUND OF
APPLAUSE FOR THEM.
AND THEN, UH, THIS EVENT
WOULDN'T HAVE HAPPENED
WITHOUT THE NASA FOLKS
AND THE OAI FOLKS WORKING
BEHIND THE SCENES.
SO, YOU KNOW, MY-MY THANK YOU
TO DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS
MISS ROBYN GORDON
AND HER TEAM OF
NASA PROFESSIONALS WHO HAVE
DONE THIS YEAR AFTER YEAR
AND MADE IT BETTER AND BETTER
EVERY SINGLE YEAR.
AND WORKING WITH THEM WAS,
UH, KIM HOLIZNA, OAI'S DIRECTOR
OF GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT OF
MEMBERSHIP IN THE OAI TEAM.
UH, AND AS I MENTIONED, UH,
THESE FOLKS EFFECTIVELY PLANNED
FOR YOU THREE EVENTS, UM,
OVER THOSE TWO YEARS
THROUGHOUT COVID,
AND FINALLY WE'RE ABLE TO
HAVE IT HERE AT CLEVELAND STATE.
SO-SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH
TO THAT TEAM BEHIND THE SCENES.
AND SO NOW'S THE POINT
WHERE I HAND IT OFF TO MARLA.
SO, YOU KNOW, I'D LIKE TO,
UM, HAND THE MICROPHONE OFF
TO DR. MARLA PÉREZ-DAVIS,
THE CENTER DIRECTOR AT
THE JOHN GLENN RESEARCH CENTER.
I'VE HAD THE HONOR TO KNOW
MARLA, UH, IN-IN MANY ROLES
AS A BOSS, AS A COLLEAGUE,
AND AS A FRIEND.
AND THOSE OF YOU THAT KNOW MARLA
KNOW THAT-THAT–-
OH, THANK YOU.
THERE'S A LITTLE UPDATE
TO THE, UH, TO THE AGENDA.
UM, SO-SO–- I'M STILL
GONNA CONTINUE GUSHING
ON MARLA, THOUGH.
SO, UH, THOSE OF YOU
THAT KNOW MARLA KNOW THAT
SHE'S-SHE'S VERY PROFESSIONAL,
AND THOSE THAT GET TO--
THAT GET TO KNOW HER
A LITTLE BIT MORE,
KNOW HOW PASSIONATE SHE IS
FOR CAUSES SHE SUPPORTS.
SO WITH HER BACKGROUND,
UH, IN RESEARCH,
SHE UNDERSTANDS THE VALUE
OF TECHNICAL ROLES,
AND SHE'S BEEN THE CATALYST
FROM THE BEGINNING OF THIS EVENT
TO MAKE THIS CONCEPT OF
EVENING WITH THE STARS HAPPEN.
SO IT'S AN HONOR, UH,
TO HAVE MARLA KICK OFF
THE PRESENTERS.
BUT BEFORE THAT, I WOULD LIKE
TO INVITE-INVITE
PRESIDENT SANDS UP HERE
TO GIVE US A FEW WORDS
ON CLEVELAND STATE, PLEASE.
>> THANKS A LOT,
AND WELCOME EVERYONE.
WELCOME TO OUR FANTASTIC
FACILITIES.
SO I HAVE TO ASK YOU, JOHN,
IT TOOK US 24 HOURS TO RESPOND,
WHO DIDN'T RESPOND
FASTER THAN THAT?
I'D LIKE A NAME BECAUSE
USUALLY WE PRIDE OURSELVES
IN OUR ABILITY TO SERVICE
THE COMMUNITY,
AND THIS IS A PERFECT EXAMPLE
OF ONE OF THE MANY PARTNERSHIPS
THAT WE HELP SPONSOR
HERE IN CLEVELAND.
WE'RE VERY, VERY PROUD OF
OUR LONG RELATIONSHIP WITH NASA.
SO THANK YOU, UH, ALL OF YOU,
FOR BEING HERE FOR
THIS EVENING'S EVENTS.
MY SINCERE PRIVILEGE
AND PLEASURE TO SERVE
AS PRESIDENT AT–-
OF CLEVELAND STATE.
WE'RE SO PROUD TO HOST
THIS EVENT, CELEBRATE
OUR COLLABORATION WITH NASA,
ONE OF THE CROWN JEWELS
OF NORTHEAST OHIO
OF OUR RESEARCH DRIVEN,
COLLABORATIVE,
MAYBE MORE IMPORTANTLY,
PROVIDES A GUIDING STAR
TO SO MANY IN OUR REGION
WHO DARE TO DREAM ABOUT
WHAT EXISTS, UH,
BEYOND OUR PLANET.
TONIGHT, WE'LL LEARN
FROM INDIVIDUALS
WHO HAVE PUSHED BOUNDARIES
TO EXPLORE NEW FRONTIERS
AND BREAK BARRIERS.
I'M PROUD TO MENTION A COUPLE
OF CSU'S STARS IN-IN THIS.
WE HAVE A PROFESSOR OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEER-ENGINEERING,
JERZY SAWICKI, WHO'S CURRENTLY
WORKING ON A PROJECT
THAT WILL IMPROVE
STABILIZATION PERFORMANCE
OF PHOTON AND LASERS.
AND ALSO, DR. SURENDRA TEWARI,
WHO RECEIVED A NASA AWARD TO
ANALYZE EXPERIMENTAL DATA FROM
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
AND HIS WORK IS GONNA ADVANCE
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES.
BUT THESE COLLABORATIONS
ARE ONLY A PART OF WHAT MAKES
OUR RELATIONSHIP SO SPECIAL,
AND IT'S REALLY THE PROUD NUMBER
OF ALUMS THAT WORK AT NASA.
UM, I CAN'T BELIEVE
I'M ABOUT TO SAY THIS,
BUT CLEVELAND STATE PROVIDES
THE JET FUEL TO MANY
OF NASA'S CRITICAL INITIATIVES
AND MISSIONS.
YES, I-I DID SAY THAT.
THANK YOU.
AND EVERYONE HERE
AT CLEVELAND STATE IS
LOOKING FORWARD TO
WHAT WE WILL HELP PRODUCE
WITH YOU IN THE FUTURE.
SO, UH, BEFORE I TURN
THE PODIUM OVER–-
MARLA, THIS IS GONNA
SOUND REPETITIVE.
UM, MARLA'S BEEN A GREAT
SUPPORTER OF CLEVELAND STATE.
I'VE HAD THE PLEASURE
OF WATCHING HER CAREER ADVANCE,
EVEN IN MY BRIEF TIME HERE.
UH, SHE'S MANAGING
A SMALL ORGANIZATION
OF 3,200 CIVILIANS, UH,
AND A SMALL $900 MILLION BUDGET,
AND OVER 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
AT NASA, UH, WHICH, UH,
CULMINATED HERE RECENTLY
WITH HER APPOINTMENT.
AND IT'S GREAT TO SEE
YOUR CAREER PROGRESSION,
AND WE LOOK FORWARD
TO PARTNERING WITH YOU
IN THE FUTURE.
AND THE LAST THING I'LL MENTION
BEFORE I INTRODUCE HER
IS SHE JUST RECEIVED
A REALLY IMPRESSIVE AWARD.
IT'S CALLED, UM,
THE ENGINEER OF THE YEAR AWARD,
AND IT'S GIVEN BY
THE GREAT MINDS IN STEM,
THE 2021 HENAAC AWARD,
A FANTASTIC HONOR
THAT IS SO WELL DESERVED.
AND WITH THAT, HONORED GUESTS,
I PRESENT OUR HOST
FOR THIS EVENING,
MARLA PÉREZ-DAVIS.
>> WOW.
THE FIRST THING IS, I HAVE
TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU GUYS
CAN SEE ME.
THIS IS ALWAYS A CHALLENGE.
ALWAYS A CHALLENGE.
UM, WELL, I, YOU KNOW,
APPRECIATE THE KIND WORDS.
UM, THANK YOU, JOHN,
AND THANK YOU–-
GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME
TO AN EVENING WITH THE STARS.
IT IS SO GOOD TO SEE YOU ALL
HERE TONIGHT, AND IT IS
ESPECIALLY LOVELY TO BE HERE
WITH YOU ALL IN PERSON
AS WE CELEBRATE
THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AND 80th ANNIVERSARY
OF NASA GLENN.
IT HAS BEEN FAR TOO LONG
SINCE WE WERE ALL ABLE
TO GET TOGETHER LIKE THIS,
AND I'M GLAD THAT WE
CAN SAFELY MEET, NETWORK,
AND SOLIDIFY OUR RELATIONSHIPS
WITHIN OUR LOCAL COMMUNITY.
BEFORE WE GET STARTED,
I WANT TO QUICKLY RECOGNIZE
A FEW INDIVIDUALS FOR
THEIR SUPPORT AND DEDICATION
IN MAKING THIS HAPPEN TONIGHT.
FIRST AND FOREMOST,
OUR PARTNERS ON THIS EVENT.
MY GOOD FRIEND, JOHN SANKOVIC,
AND THE ENTIRE TEAM AT
THE OHIO AEROSPACE INSTITUTE.
YOUR CONTINUED ASSISTANCE
IN ORGANIZING THIS EVENT
AND SUPPORTING
NASA GLENN'S MISSION
IS MUCH APPRECIATED.
I WILL ALSO LIKE TO THANK
OUR HOST HERE AT
CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY.
HARLAN, THANK YOU TO YOU
AND YOUR STAFF FOR HELPING US
MAKING TONIGHT EVENT A SUCCESS.
THE WORK YOU DO HERE
AT CLEVELAND, UH,
CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
AND THE UNIVERSITY'S
FANTASTIC STUDENT BODY
WILL BE CRITICAL TO THE FUTURE
OF OUR CITY, NASA GLENN,
AND OUR NATION.
WE HAVE TWO FORMER
CENTER DIRECTORS HERE
WITH US TODAY.
TO DR. JULIAN EARLS.
AND DR. WOODROW WHITLOW,
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
BEING HERE WITH US TODAY.
OUR LOCAL, STATE,
AND FEDERAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
AND THEIR TEAM HAVE ALWAYS
PROVIDED US WITH STRONG SUPPORT
OVER THE YEARS.
WE HAVE SEVERAL REPRESENTATIVES
FROM THE STATE OF OHIO
HERE WITH US.
I WOULD LIKE TO RECOGNIZE
JOE ZEIS FROM
THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE,
GLENN RICHARDSON FROM JOBSOHIO,
AND THE WHOLE TEAM OF JOBSOHIO.
THANK YOU, TERRY, FOR BEING
WITH US THIS AFTERNOON.
WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR TIME.
AND HAPPY BIRTHDAY.
THAT MEANS A LOT.
APOLOGIES TO ANYONE
I MAY HAVE MISSED,
BUT WE THANK YOU ALL
FOR JOINING US TONIGHT
AND FOR YOUR CONTINUED SUPPORT
OF THE AEROSPACE COMMUNITY
ACROSS OUR GREAT STATE,
WHICH IS ESSENTIAL TO OUR PAST,
CURRENT, AND FUTURE SUCCESS.
THANK YOU TO THE TEAM AT
THE GREAT LAKES SCIENCE CENTER.
THE TEAM THERE HAS BEEN
WORKING DILIGENTLY TO KEEP
THE SCIENCE CENTER DOORS OPEN
AND CONTINUE TO SAFELY
ENGAGE THE PUBLIC
ON ALL THE GREAT THINGS
HAPPENING AT NASA GLENN
AND ACROSS THE AEROSPACE
COMMUNITY IN OHIO.
I AM TRULY THANKFUL FOR
THEIR CONTINUED SUPPORT
AS THE HOME OF
THE NASA GLENN VISITOR CENTER.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO WELCOME
MY FRIEND DAVID MCBRIDE,
CENTER DIRECTOR AT
NASA'S ARMSTRONG
FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER
IN EDWARDS, CALIFORNIA.
ARMSTRONG IS
THE AGENCY LEAD CENTER
FOR INFLIGHT RESEARCH OPERATIONS
AND TESTING.
DAVID, THANK YOU FOR MAKING
THE TRIP TO CLEVELAND, OHIO,
AND I APPRECIATE THE CONTINUED
SUPPORT AND PARTNERSHIP
WITH YOU AND YOUR STAFF
ACROSS MANY PROJECTS
LIKE THE ELECTRIC POWERTRAIN
FLIGHT DEMONSTRATOR,
THE X-57 MAXWELL,
AND THE X-59 QUESST.
I'M THROWING A LOT OF NAMES
FOR ALL OF YOU HERE,
WHICH YOU WILL HEAR
MORE ABOUT TONIGHT.
FINALLY, I MUST THANK
OUR NASA GLENN STAFF,
WHO HAS GONE ABOVE AND BEYOND
OVER THE WEEKS AND MONTHS
OF PLANNING AND DEALING
WITH NUMEROUS CHALLENGES
IN MAKING TONIGHT SAFELY HAPPEN.
PLEASE KNOW YOUR DEDICATION
TO MAKING
AN EVENING WITH THE STARS
A SUCCESS YEAR AFTER YEAR
IS GREATLY APPRECIATED.
THIS YEAR MARKS NASA GLENN'S
80th ANNIVERSARY
OF PUSHING BOUNDARIES
AND BREAKING BARRIERS.
SOME OF OUR NATION'S
MOST SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
IN AEROSPACE HAVE COME FROM
OUR CENTER, AND WE ARE
INCREDIBLY PROUD OF THAT LEGACY.
YET, WE MUST LOOK TO
THE FUTURE IN OUR MISSION
TO EXPAND HUMAN PRESENCE
ACROSS THE SOLAR SYSTEM
AND SHIFT THE PARADIGM OF LIGHT
HERE AT HOME.
THIS COMING YEAR IS
AN IMPORTANT ONE
AS WE PREPARE TO LAUNCH
THE FIRST IN A SERIES
OF MORE COMPLEX MISSIONS
THAT WILL SOON SEND
THE FIRST WOMAN
AND THE FIRST PERSON OF COLOR
TO THE MOON ON THE ARTEMIS.
WE ARE ALSO WORKING TO CHANGE
THE WAY WE FLY THROUGH
INNOVATIVE ENGINES,
MORE ELECTRIC PROPULSION,
AND ADVANCED MATERIALS,
AND WE ARE COMPLETING THE BUILD
AND READY TO FLY OUR LOW-BOOM
FLIGHT DEMONSTRATOR,
THE X-59 QUESST,
WHICH COULD BE A GAME CHANGER
FOR FUTURE COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS.
WE ARE JOINED ON THIS ENDEAVOR
BY MANY COMPANIES,
UNIVERSITIES, AND PARTNERS
ACROSS OHIO AND THE NATION.
WHILE THIS TASK MAY
SEEM DAUNTING,
OUR EFFORTS ARE CRITICAL
TO THE NATION SPACE ECONOMY,
FUELING NEW INDUSTRIES
AND TECHNOLOGIES AND SUPPORTING
JOB GROWTH WHILE IMPROVING
LIFE HERE ON EARTH.
TONIGHT, WE WILL DIVE
A BIT DEEPER INTO THE PROJECTS
AND MISSIONS THAT ARE HELPING
TO MAKE THIS FUTURE A REALITY.
AND YOU WILL HEAR FROM
THREE OF OUR EXPERTS.
FOR NEARLY 21 YEARS,
OUR ORBITING LABORATORY,
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
HAS BEEN CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING
IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT,
CONDUCTING IMPORTANT SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONS.
NASA GLENN HAS BEEN THERE
SINCE THE BEGINNING,
AND DR. DANIEL DIETRICH IS
HERE TO TELL US MORE ABOUT
HOW GLENN IS FURTHERING
OUR SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING
OF THE MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT,
INCLUDING FLUID
AND COMBUSTION FLUID PHYSICS.
DID YOU KNOW THAT METALS
CAN HAVE MEMORY?
IT SOUNDS LIKE SCIENCE FICTION,
BUT WE CAN ACTUALLY TRAIN METALS
TO DO A SPECIFIC TASK,
LIKE MOVING PARTS OF
AN AIRCRAFT WING
OR DEPLOYING SOLAR ARRAYS,
OR EVEN CREATE
NEARLY INDESTRUCTIBLE TIRES.
DR. OTHMANE BENAFAN WILL DISCUSS
SOME OF GLENN'S RECENT ADVANCES
WHICH SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS,
INCLUDING TESTING OF THE BOEING
ECODEMONSTRATOR AIRCRAFT
AND USES OF THE FUTURE MARS
SAMPLE RETURN MISSION.
FINALLY, CAN YOU IMAGINE
CUTTING AIR TRAVEL IN HALF?
THAT WOULD CHANGE OUR LIFE,
WOULDN'T IT?
WELL, IT WOULD BE WORKING--
WELL, WE ARE WORKING ON IT.
BUT BEFORE WE CAN ENJOY
THOSE REDUCED TRAVEL TIMES,
WE MUST TARGET
ACQUIRING SONIC BOOM.
RAY CASTNER PLAYS
A CRITICAL ROLE ON
THE AGENCY X-59 QUESST,
OUR LOW-BOOM FLIGHT
DEMONSTRATOR.
THIS EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT
WILL BEGIN FLYING OVER
COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
IN THE COMING YEARS
TO PROVE THAT WE CAN
QUIET THE BOMB
AND HELP OUR-- AND HELP USHER
IN THE NEW AGE OF COMMERCIAL
SUPERSONIC FLIGHT.
SO LET'S GET THE SHOW STARTED.
PLEASE HELP ME WELCOME
DR. DANIEL DIETRICH
TO THE STAGE.
>> HOW CAN WE IMPROVE
THE EFFICIENCY OF AUTOMOBILE,
DIESEL, AND JET ENGINES
TO REDUCE CLIMATE IMPACTS?
HOW CAN WE PREVENT
CRYOGENICALLY STORED PROPELLANTS
OR FUELS FROM BOILING OFF
SO WE CAN EXTEND
OUR LONG-DURATION MISSIONS?
HOW CAN WE PREVENT AND RESPOND
TO ACCIDENTAL FIRES
IN SPACECRAFT?
HOW CAN WE KEEP ASTRONAUTS
SAFE AND HEALTHY
DURING EXTENDED DURATIONS
IN LOW GRAVITY?
HOW CAN WE GROW HEALTHY
AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD IN SPACE?
AND HOW DO WE EVEN KNOW
WHERE THE FUEL IS
IN OUR FUEL TANK,
WHEN IT CAN FLOAT AROUND
IN THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY?
NEARLY 60 YEARS AGO,
WE GAINED INITIAL ACCESS
TO THE LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT
WHERE WE CAN BEGIN
TO ANSWER THESE
AND MANY, MANY MORE QUESTIONS.
LOW-EARTH-ORBIT.
THE WORK THAT STARTED
IN THE EARLY DAYS
OF MERCURY CONTINUES TODAY,
24 HOURS A DAY,
SEVEN DAYS A WEEK,
365 DAYS A YEAR
ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION, OR ISS.
THIS EVENING, I'D LIKE
TO TELL YOU ABOUT
SOME OF THE WORK THAT
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
HERE AT NASA GLENN ARE DOING
TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
YOU SEE, EVERYTHING WE DO
HERE ON EARTH IS DOMINATED
BY GRAVITY, THE INVISIBLE FORCE
THAT PULLS OBJECTS TOGETHER.
AND HERE ON OUR HOME PLANET,
GRAVITY IS THE FORCE
THAT PULLS OBJECTS TOWARDS
THE CENTER OF THE EARTH.
GRAVITY IS THE FORCE
THAT LETS US KNOW
THAT WATER WILL BE
IN THE BOTTOM OF A GLASS
AND FUEL WILL BE IN THE BOTTOM
OF THE FUEL TANK
AS GRAVITY PULLS
THE DENSER, HEAVIER LIQUIDS
TOWARDS THE CENTER OF THE EARTH.
IT HELPS PLANTS GROW
AND KEEPS OUR BONES AND MUSCLES
STRONG AND HEALTHY
AS OUR BODIES HAVE TO WORK
AGAINST THE CONSTANT
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE PULLING US
TOWARDS THE CENTER OF THE EARTH.
IT CAUSES HOT AIR AND SMOKE
TO RISE AS GRAVITY PULLS
THE COOLER, DENSER AIR
TOWARDS THE CENTER OF THE EARTH,
DISPLACING THE HOT AIR
THAT RISES UP AND AWAY.
TAKE AWAY GRAVITY, THOUGH,
AND EVERYTHING WE TAKE
FOR GRANTED CHANGES.
WATER IS NO LONGER LOCATED
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE GLASS
OR FUEL AT THE BOTTOM
OF THE TANK.
HOT AIR AND SMOKE DON'T RISE,
AND OUR BODIES DON'T HAVE TO
WORK AGAINST THE CONSTANT
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.
AND THE VIDEOS PLAYING
IN THE BACKGROUND
SHOW ASTRONAUTS HAVING FUN
IN THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY.
THERE ARE ACTUALLY
SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES
TO THE CREW'S HEALTH
AND THE SPACE CRAFT
LIFE SUPPORT
AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS.
THE LOW-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT
ABOARD A SPACECRAFT
CREATES ENGINEERING CHALLENGES
THAT HAVE TO BE UNDERSTOOD
AND DESIGNED AROUND,
BUT WHILE THE REDUCED GRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT OF A SPACECRAFT
CREATES ENGINEERING CHALLENGES,
IT ALSO CREATES
A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY--
THE ABILITY TO STUDY PROBLEMS
OF SIGNIFICANT INTEREST
HERE ON EARTH
IN THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY.
YOU SEE, SCIENTISTS
HAVE LONG DREAMED OF BEING ABLE
TO STUDY PROBLEMS
IN COMBUSTION AND FLUIDS
IN A LABORATORY
WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF GRAVITY.
STUDENTS LEARN ABOUT COMBUSTION
IN TEXTBOOKS THAT DELIBERATELY
IGNORE THE INFLUENCE
OF GRAVITY,
BUT WHEN THEY GO TO THE LAB,
ALL THE EXPERIMENTS THEY DO
ARE DONE IN THE PRESENCE
OF GRAVITY.
GRAVITY CREATES BUOYANT FLOWS
THAT DESTABILIZE THE FLAME
AND MAKES THE INTERPRETATION
OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
DIFFICULT.
IN FLUIDS, IT CAUSES
THE RAPID SETTLING
OF PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION
THAT PREVENTS STUDYING
THE COMPLEX FORCES
BETWEEN PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION.
NASA GLENN HAS BEEN A LEADER
IN LOW-GRAVITY RESEARCH
SINCE THE DAWN OF THE SPACE AGE,
WITH WORLD-CLASS EXPERTISE
AND FACILITIES IN FLUIDS,
COMBUSTION, COMPLEX FLUIDS,
AND MORE RECENTLY,
HUMAN HEALTH.
SINCE THOSE EARLY DAYS
OF MERCURY, ENGINEERS
AND SCIENTISTS AT NASA GLENN
HAVE CONDUCTED
HUNDREDS OF EXPERIMENTS
IN LOW EARTH ORBIT.
12 YEARS AGO,
WE TOOK THOSE EFFORTS
TO THE NEXT LEVEL
WHEN WE LAUNCHED THE COMBUSTION
INTEGRATED RACK, OR CIR,
AND FLUIDS INTEGRATED RACK,
OR FIR, TO THE ISS.
THESE LARGE FULL-SCALE RACKS
ARE AMONGST THE MOST COMPLEX
AND SUCCESSFUL FACILITY CLASS
PAYLOADS EVER DEPLOYED
TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
THE CREW ON THE ISS
SERVICE AND MAINTAIN
THE HARDWARE
AND EXPERIMENT OPERATIONS
ARE ALL CONDUCTED REMOTELY
HERE AT THE TELESCIENCE
SUPPORT CENTER IN CLEVELAND.
IN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
SINCE 2009,
THERE HAVE BEEN OVER TEN
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CIR
AND THOUSANDS OF
INDIVIDUAL EXPERIMENTS,
AND OPERATIONS ARE NOW
CONCLUDING ON A SUITE
OF EXPERIMENTS ENTITLED
"ADVANCED COMBUSTION
"VIA MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS,"
OR "ACME" FOR SHORT.
THESE GASEOUS FUEL EXPERIMENTS
USE THE REDUCED GRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT ABOARD THE ISS
TO STUDY TEXTBOOK FLAMES
THAT ARE ONLY ACHIEVABLE
WITHOUT THE BUOYANCY-INDUCED
FLOWS PRESENT
IN TERRESTRIAL LABS,
AND THIS ALLOWS SCIENTISTS
TO FOCUS ON THE COMPLEX REACTION
MECHANISMS THAT OCCUR
WHEN FUEL AND AIR REACT.
YOU SEE, WE ALL LEARNED
IN SCHOOL THAT FUEL
AND OXYGEN COMBINE
TO FORM CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER,
AND RELEASE ENERGY.
BUT IN BETWEEN
THESE TWO ENDPOINTS,
THERE ARE ACTUALLY HUNDREDS,
EVEN THOUSANDS,
OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
AND SPECIES THAT OCCUR
AND UNDERSTANDING
THESE REACTIONS IS A KEY
TO IMPROVING OUR EFFICIENCY
AND REDUCING OUR EMISSIONS
IN THE FUTURE.
JUST ONE EXAMPLE
OF HOW RESEARCH ON THE ISS
CAN BENEFIT LIFE HERE ON EARTH.
GROWING PLANTS FOR FOOD
IS A KEY TO NASA'S
LONG DURATION MISSIONS
BEYOND LOW EARTH ORBIT.
IN THE REDUCED GRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT OF A SPACECRAFT,
ENSURING THAT PLANTS
GET ADEQUATE SUPPLIES
OF AIR, WATER, AND NUTRIENTS
THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE
FROM GERMINATION TO HARVESTING,
IS A KEY FOR THE EFFORTS
OF THE CREW TO GROW
THEIR OWN FOOD IN SPACE.
THE PLANT WATER MANAGEMENT'S
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
IS TO UNDERSTAND HOW GRAVITY
INFLUENCES AIR, WATER,
AND NUTRIENT DELIVERY
TO PLANT ROOTS
AND ALSO DEVELOP
A HYDROPONIC APPROACH
TO FARMING IN SPACE.
THE ON-GOING EXPERIMENT
HAS LOGGED NEARLY
A HUNDRED HOURS OF OPERATION.
THE EXPERIMENT--
THE-THE RESULTS TO DATE
HAVE VALIDATED ASPECTS
OF DESIGN OF HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
AND ALSO DEVELOPED METHODS
FOR AIR BUBBLE SEPARATION THAT
CAN PREVENT THE ACCUMULATION
OF THE LARGE AIR BUBBLES
THAT CAN DISRUPT WATER
AND NUTRIENT DELIVERY
TO PLANT ROOTS.
WHEN COMPLETE,
THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT
WILL SERVE AS DESIGN GUIDELINES
FOR HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
IN FUTURE SPACE
AND PLANETARY HABITATS.
AN ACCIDENTAL FIRE
ONBOARD A SPACECRAFT
IS A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN
TO NOT ONLY THE CREW,
BUT THE SAFETY OF THE VEHICLE.
AS NASA MOVES FORWARD
WITH MISSIONS TO THE MOON
AND BEYOND,
THE CREW'S ABILITY
TO QUICKLY EGRESS A VEHICLE
AND RETURN HOME IN THE EVENT
OF AN ACCIDENTAL FIRE
BECOMES INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT.
AS A RESULT,
NASA HAS TO UNDERSTAND
THE UNIQUE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH ACCIDENTAL FIRES
IN SPACECRAFT.
RESEARCH IN NASA DROP TOWERS
AND THE SPACE SHUTTLE
HAS HIGHLIGHTED THESE HAZARDS.
WHEN YOU HAVE THE REMOVAL
OF THE BUOYANCY INDUCED FLOW
CAUSED BY GRAVITY,
BUT THE PRESENCE OF A SLOW FLOW
FROM THE SPACECRAFT
VENTILATION SYSTEM.
THIS WORK REALLY CEMENTED
NASA GLENN'S REPUTATION
AS A LEADER IN SPACECRAFT
FIRE SAFETY RESEARCH,
AND THAT WORK CONTINUES TODAY
WITH THE SAPPHIRE EXPERIMENT
THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME
STUDIES A LARGE-SCALE FIRE
IN A SPACECRAFT.
THE EXPERIMENT USES
THE CYGNUS RESUPPLY VEHICLE
AFTER IT UNDOCKS FROM THE ISS
BUT BEFORE IT REENTERS
THE ATMOSPHERE,
AND THIS ALLOWS SCIENTISTS
TO STUDY LARGE FIRES
IN AN UNMANNED VEHICLE.
THE GOAL OF THE EXPERIMENT
WAS TO IGNITE A LARGE FIRE
AND THEN AT SOME POINT,
EXTINGUISH IT--
EXTINGUISH IT BY SHUTTING OFF
THE VENTILATION TO THE FLAME.
IN THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY,
HOWEVER, THERE'S NO BUOYANT FLOW
TO REMOVE FUEL VAPOR AND HEAT
FROM THE VICINITY OF THE FLAME,
SO WHEN THE FLOW
WAS REINTRODUCED
AFTER A SUPPOSEDLY SAFE SI--
SAFE TIME,
THE FLAME RE-IGNITED
IN SPECTACULAR FASHION
HIGHLIGHTING THE HAZARDS
FROM AN ACCIDENTAL FIRE
IN A SPACECRAFT
BUT ALSO THE FALLACY
THAT SIMPLY SHUTTING OFF
THE VENTILATION IN THE EVENT
OF AN ACCIDENTAL FIRE
IS AN ADEQUATE MEANS
TO SUPPRESS THE FIRE.
AND FINALLY,
LONG DURATION MISSIONS
BEYOND LOW EARTH ORBIT
WILL REQUIRE THE STORAGE
OF PROPELLANT FUELS
FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME--
MONTHS.
THESE FUELS HAVE
LOW BOILING POINTS
AND ARE OFTEN STORED AS LIQUID
IN CRYOGENIC
OR VERY COLD CONDITIONS.
ANY HEAT THAT GETS
INTO THE FUEL TANK WILL
INCREASE THE EVAPORATION RATE
OF THE LIQUID
AND CAUSE THE PRESSURE
IN THE FUEL TANK TO RISE.
AND THIS CAN RESULT
IN AN OVERPRESSURE OF THE TANK
UNLESS YOU VENT
SOME OF THE FUEL OVERBOARD,
AND THIS RESULTS
IN A LOSS OF PROPELLANT.
NASA GLENN IS A LEADER
IN THE EFFORTS TO UNDERSTAND
THE COMPLEX FLUID MECHANICS,
HEAT TRANSFER,
AND FUEL EVAPORATION
IN CRYOGENIC FUEL TANKS.
THE ZERO BOIL-OFF TANK,
OR ZBOT EXPERIMENT
ARE A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS
THAT USE A SIMULATED FUEL
TO STUDY MIXING
AND COOLING TECHNIQUES
IN CRYOGENIC FUEL TANKS
AND ALSO PROVIDE CRITICAL DATA
TO VALIDATE
PREDICTED SIMULATIONS.
THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT
SHOW THAT THE FUEL DOESN'T
FORM A FLAT SURFACE
LIKE YOU WOULD EXPECT
HERE ON EARTH, BUT RATHER
A LARGE, SPHERICAL BUBBLE
THAT'S LOCATED AT THE TOP
OF THE TANK, PUSHED THERE
BY THE LIQUID JET
ENTERING THE BOTTOM.
AS THE LIQUID JET SLOWS,
THIS BUBBLE IS THEN
FREE TO MOVE AROUND THE TANK.
AND FINALLY, THE RESULTS SHOW
THAT COUNTERINTUITIVELY,
REDUCING THE TEMPERATURE
OF THE LIQUID CAN ACTUALLY
RESULT IN VERY RAPID
AND AGGRESSIVE BOILING
INSIDE THE TANK.
AS A CHILD GROWING UP
IN THE '60s AND '70s,
I CAN REMEMBER VIVIDLY
THE EXCITEMENT OF THOSE
FIRST STEPS ON THE MOON,
BUT I CAN ALSO REMEMBER
THE ANXIETY ASSOCIATED
WITH THE GAS SHORTAGES
AND THE LONG LINES TO GET GAS.
I NEVER DREAMED THAT THOSE
TWO EVENTS WOULD FORM
THE BASIS OF MY CAREER
HERE AT NASA--
THE ABILITY TO STUDY
COMBUSTION ON THE ISS
TO IMPROVE THE CLIMATE IMPACTS
ASSOCIATED WITH BURNING
FOSSIL FUELS HERE ON EARTH.
IT'S BEEN AN HONOR FOR ME
TO TALK WITH YOU TODAY
AND SHARE WITH YOU
SOME OF THE EXCITING WORK
WE'RE DOING HERE ON THE ISS.
AND IT'S TRULY BEEN AN HONOR
TO, UH, REPRESENT THE EFFORTS
OF THE HUNDREDS OF SCIENTISTS,
ENGINEERS, TECHNICIANS,
AND ALL THE SUPPORT PERSONNEL
THAT MAKE THIS WORK POSSIBLE.
THANK YOU, AND GOODNIGHT.
[ MUSIC ]
>> IMAGINE YOU'RE BACKING OUT
OF YOUR DRIVEWAY... AND BANG!
[ TIRES SQUEAL, GLASS SHATTERS ]
YOU HIT THE MAILBOX,
AND THERE GOES YOUR BUMPER.
NOW IF YOU'RE ANYTHING LIKE ME,
YOU'RE ALREADY THINKING
ABOUT THE COST
AND THE BODY SHOP.
WHAT IF THERE WAS ANOTHER WAY
TO FIX THAT BUMPER?
WHAT IF YOU CAN TAKE OUT
A HAIRDRYER,
HEAT THE BUMPER UP,
AND IT BULGES BACK OUT?
OR EVEN BETTER,
WHAT IF THE BUMPER
ABSORBS THE IMPACT
AND RETURNS TO SHAPE?
OF COURSE, YOU CAN DO THAT
IF YOUR BUMPER IS MADE OF FOAM
OR BUBBLE WRAPPED,
BUT NONE OF THESE SOLUTIONS
ARE IDEAL FOR OBVIOUS REASONS.
THERE IS, HOWEVER,
A SPECIAL KIND OF METAL
FOR THIS JOB,
A METAL THAT CHANGES SHAPE
AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES.
A METAL THAT WARPS
AND THEN WILL RETURN TO SHAPE.
NO, I'M NOT TALKING ABOUT
HOLLYWOOD'S TERMINATOR
OR MEGATRON.
I AM TALKING ABOUT
ACTUAL MATERIAL SCIENCE.
I'M TALKING ABOUT THE ART
OF MAKING MATERIALS ADAPT,
MAKING MATERIALS REMEMBER,
ADAPTABLE MATERIALS.
I AM TALKING ABOUT
A SPECIAL KIND OF MATERIAL
KNOWN AS
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY.
ABOUT 60 YEARS AGO
AT THE NAVAL ORDNANCE LAB,
A METALLURGIST BY THE NAME
OF WILLIAM BUEHLER
AND A SCIENTIST BY THE NAME
OF FRED WANG DISCOVERED
THIS VERY UNUSUAL ALLOY,
AN ALLOY THAT SOUNDED
DIFFERENT WHEN HOT...
[ RINGING ]
THAN WHEN COLD.
[ THUMPING ]
AN ALLOY THAT WAS STRETCHED
AND THEN RETURNED
TO THE ORIGINAL SHAPE
WHEN HEATED WITH A PIPE LIGHTER.
THAT IS THE ALLOY THAT TODAY
WE CALL SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY.
NOT TOO LONG
AFTER THAT DISCOVERY,
WITHIN THAT SAME DECADE,
NASA RECOGNIZED THE POTENTIAL
OF THESE MATERIALS
AND SPONSORED TWO MAJOR STUDIES
BY THE TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER OFFICE.
THESE TWO STUDIES
JUST HAPPENED TO BE HERE
IN THE STATE OF OHIO,
ONE IN AKRON BY THE GOODYEAR
AEROSPACE CORPORATION,
AND ONE IN COLUMBUS
BY BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE.
AT THE CONCLUSION
OF THESE STUDIES,
TWO SOURCES STARTED
PRODUCING THESE MATERIALS,
WHICH WAS THE START
OF A BLOSSOMING NEW FIELD
OF FUNCTIONAL ALLOYS.
TODAY, YOU CAN FIND
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
IN PIPE COUPLERS,
IN THE LEGACY F-14 FIGHTER JETS,
AND MANY AIRCRAFTS.
THEY ARE USED
IN THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY
FOR ORTHODONTICS,
CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES,
AND SURGICAL TOOLS.
THEY ARE USED IN OUR CARS
FOR LUMBAR SUPPORT,
MIRRORS AND VENTS.
EVEN IN OUR HOME, YOU CAN FIND
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
IN SHOWER VALVES, YOUR LAPTOPS,
AND EVEN IN ART
AND ARCHITECTURE.
SO WHAT IS THE SHAPE
MEMORY ALLOY,
AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
LET'S THINK ABOUT IT
FROM A SIMPLE PHYSICS PRINCIPLE
THAT ALL OF US HAVE SEEN
AND USED.
ICE IN SOLID FORM
TRANSFORMS TO WATER,
LIQUID FORM, WHEN HEATED.
THAT IS A PHASE TRANSFORMATION
THAT TAKES ONE MATTER, SOLID,
TO ANOTHER MATTER, LIQUID.
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS EXHIBIT
A VERY SIMILAR PHENOMENA
WHERE THE MATERIAL GOES
FROM ONE SOLID CRYSTAL
TO ANOTHER SOLID CRYSTAL
WITHOUT MELTING,
AND THIS HAPPENS VIA SMALL
AND COORDINATED MOTION OF ATOMS
WITH TWO KEY CHARACTERISTICS.
THESE TWO SOLID PHASES
ARE RELATED BY SOME
DEFORMATION PATH.
AND NUMBER TWO,
THIS DEFORMATION PATH
IS REVERSIBLE.
YOU CAN GO BACK AND FORTH.
THIS BEHAVIOR IS ONLY FOUND
IN A SPECIAL MIXTURE
OF ELEMENTS
SUCH AS NICKEL TITANIUM,
COPPER ALUMINUM MANGANESE,
GOLD CADMIUM, AND OTHERS.
ONCE YOU PRODUCE THE MATERIAL
WITH THE RIGHT FORMULATION,
AND THE RIGHT PROCESSING,
THEN YOU CAN SET THE FORM.
YOU CAN PROGRAM IT
OR YOU CAN TRAIN THE MATERIAL
TO CHANGE SHAPE
IN THE WAY YOU WANT IT.
FOR EXAMPLE, SOME APPLICATION
MAY REQUIRE UNIAXIAL EXTENSION
OR OUT OF PLANE BENDING
OR TWISTING MOTION,
OR EVEN SOME COMPLICATED
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE CHANGE,
LIKE ORIGAMI, FOR EXAMPLE.
THIS IS DONE VIA A PROCEDURE
CALLED SHAPE SETTING
WHERE YOU CAN PRESET A FORM
LIKE NASA,
APPLY THE PROPER
BOUNDARY CONDITION,
HEAT IT UP
UNDER THAT CONSTRAINT,
AND THE MEMORY IS SET.
NOW, IF YOU TAKE IT,
DEFORM IT, ALL YOU HAVE TO DO
IS HEAT IT UP
AND IT REMEMBERS WHERE TO GO.
NOW, THIS MAY SOUND LIKE
SOME MAGIC TRICK
OR SCIENCE FICTION,
BUT THIS IS ALL SCIENCE.
THIS SAME PRINCIPLE IS APPLIED
TO REAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS.
NASA AND PARTNERS HAVE USED
THIS MATERIAL IN SO MANY
GROUNDBREAKING APPLICATIONS,
LIKE DEPLOYING SATELLITES FROM
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE
INSTRUMENTS, JUNO MISSION,
AND EVEN MARS ROVERS
AND LANDERS.
NOW, MANY OF THESE MATERIALS
ARE ALREADY
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE,
LIKE NICKEL TITANIUM
AND COPPER ALLOYS,
BUT THERE'S SO MANY APPLICATIONS
WHERE THIS COMMERCIAL COMMODITY
IS NOT APPLICABLE.
SHORTCOMINGS LIKE
THE APPLICATION TEMPERATURE
IS TOO HOT
OR THE MATERIAL IS NOT DURABLE
FOR THE EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS,
OR NOT STABLE AGAINST RADIATION.
THAT IS WHERE
NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY LAB
COMES INTO PLAY.
AT NASA, WE DEVELOP
NOVEL SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
AND COMPONENTS TUNED FOR
SPECIFIC MISSION REQUIREMENTS.
OVER THE YEARS,
WE HAVE DEVELOPED RECIPES
THAT NOT ONLY GIVE US AN ALLOY
THAT WORKS IN SMALL SCALE,
BUT AN ALLOY
THAT CAN BE SCALED TO FORM,
CAN WITHSTAND LARGE LOADS,
AND CAN LAST FOR THE DURATION
OF THE MISSION.
WE SYNTHESIZE THESE MATERIALS
IN HOUSE AND PREPARE THEM
FOR CHARACTERIZATION
AND VALIDATION.
WE HAVE A STATE-OF-THE-ART
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY LAB
AND SUPPORT FACILITIES
WHERE WE TEST
THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
LIKE WE'D DO FOR MOST MATERIALS,
BUT WE ALSO TEST THE UNIQUE
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
OF THESE MATERIALS.
WE TEST WORK OUTPUTS
AS A FUNCTION OF STRAINS,
PRESSURES, TEMPERATURES.
WE EVALUATE ENTHALPIES,
WHICH IS NECESSARY
FOR THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS.
WE MEASURE WORK DENSITIES,
WHICH ARE ULTIMATELY NEEDED
FOR MOST ACTUATION DEVICES.
SPEAKING OF DEVICES,
MAKING THE MATERIAL
IS ONE THING,
BUT USING IT IS ANOTHER.
CONTROLLING IT IS ANOTHER THING.
TYPICALLY, YOU DON'T WANT
THE MATERIAL TO CHANGE SHAPE
WHEN YOU'RE USING IT.
SO, THERE'S A PARADIGM SHIFT
WHEN IT COMES TO USING
THE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS.
IT REQUIRES NEW PHYSICS-BASED
MODELS TO PREDICT
THE MATERIAL RESPONSE,
NEW GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
TO SHOW US HOW TO USE THEM,
NEW DATABASES TO SHOW US
THE DATA OF THE PAST,
TODAY'S FINDINGS, AND HELP US
DISCOVER FUTURE ALLOYS.
THAT IS WHAT NASA
IS CHAMPIONING TODAY.
WE HAVE DEVELOPED THESE TOOLS
THAT WE USE TO-TO DESIGN
NEW SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS,
AND OUR TOOLS HAVE BEEN
DISSEMINATED THROUGHOUT
MANY OF OUR AGENCIES
AND THROUGHOUT MANY OF
OUR COLLABORATORS.
TODAY, SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
ARE PRIMED FOR THE FUTURE
OF AVIATION AND SPACE ENDEAVORS.
IN AERONAUTICS, WE'RE TACKLING
WING FOLDING TECHNOLOGY,
WHERE WING SECTIONS
NO LONGER HAVE TO BE STATIC
FOR THE ENTIRE FLIGHT PROFILE,
BECAUSE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
GIVE YOU THESE MULTI FUNCTIONS.
THEY CAN SENSE TEMPERATURE,
THEY CAN ACTUATE, AND THEY CAN
HOLD A STRUCTURE TOGETHER.
NOW, YOU CAN REALLY USE
ACTUATORS THAT ARE LIGHTWEIGHT,
MORE COMPACT, AND IN SOME CASES,
YOU CAN PACKAGE THEM
WITHIN WING SECTIONS.
SO, NOW YOU CAN OPTIMIZE
FLIGHT TO AUGMENT STABILITY,
REDUCE DRAG,
OR IMPROVE OTHER FEATURES
OF THE AIRCRAFT
IN SUBSONIC, SUPERSONIC,
AND OTHER FLIGHT REGIMES.
WE'RE ALSO USING
THESE WING FOLDING TECHNOLOGIES
FOR OTHER PURPOSES,
LIKE FOR STORAGE, FOR EXAMPLE,
OR CLEARING AIRPORT GATES,
OR VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING.
WE'RE ALSO USING
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
TO MAKE OUR AIRCRAFTS
MORE EFFICIENT, QUIETER.
WE ARE DEVELOPING
DEPLOYABLE VORTEX GENERATORS
WITH OUR PARTNERS THAT WE'RE
TESTING ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFTS.
THESE VORTEX GENERATORS--
THESE LITTLE FINS
THAT YOU SEE STICKING OUT
OF THE WING, AND TAILS,
AND ALL OVER THE PLACE--
THEY'RE ALWAYS STATIC.
THEY DON'T MOVE,
SO THEY INCUR A LOT OF DRAG.
WE WANT TO CHANGE THAT.
WE HAVE DEVELOPED NEW ALLOYS
THAT DON'T NEED ACTIVE CONTROL.
THEY DON'T NEED HEATERS
TO MAKE IT MOVE,
BUT THESE NEW ALLOYS ARE TUNED
FOR THE ALTITUDE TEMPERATURE
AND AUTOMATICALLY DEPLOY
AT 10 THOUSAND FEET AND BELOW,
WHICH IS, LIKE, TAKEOFF
AND LANDING, AND THEN THEY
AUTOMATICALLY STOW AWAY
AT 32,000 FEET AND HIGHER,
WHICH IS THE CRUISE CONDITION.
WE TESTED THIS TECHNOLOGY
ON A BOEING-77 AIRCRAFT,
AND WE HAVE MORE TESTS PLANNED,
COMING UP SOON IN THE FUTURE.
IN-IN SPACE, THESE MATERIALS
ARE JUST AS USEFUL.
WE HAVE DEVELOPED
DEPLOYMENT MECHANISMS
FOR SATELLITES AND CUBESATS.
THESE DEPLOYMENT MECHANISMS
ARE RESETTABLE,
THEY HAVE NO CONSUMABLES
COMPARED TO PYROTECHNICS
OR BURN WIRE, FOR EXAMPLE,
AND THEY ARE TEST WHAT YOU FLY.
THESE DEVICES ARE VERY USEFUL
FOR DEPLOYING SOLAR PANELS,
ANTENNAS, BOOMS,
AND SIMILAR DEVICES.
WE HAVE DEVELOPED
BEARING ALLOYS FOR
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
ASSEMBLY CENTRIFUGE.
OUR BEARINGS ARE DENT RESISTANT
AND CORROSION RESISTANT,
WHICH IS NECESSARY TO WITHSTAND
THE ACIDIC WASTEWATER EXPOSURE.
WE HAVE DEVELOPED
SOME MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES
OF THESE BEARING ALLOYS
AND LICENSED THEM
TO OUR PARTNERS HERE ON EARTH.
WE CAN BREAK ROCKS
WITH THESE MATERIALS.
THAT'S RIGHT.
WE CAN BREAK ROCKS
BECAUSE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
NOT ONLY CHANGE SHAPE,
THEY CHANGE SHAPE AND CREATE
AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF FORCE
THAT WE CAN HARNESS AND USE IT
TO BREAK ROCK FORMATIONS.
THIS COMES IN VERY HANDY
IN PLACES WHERE YOU CANNOT TAKE
EXPLOSIVES OR HYDRAULIC WEDGES,
FOR EXAMPLE.
THIS SAME TECHNOLOGY HAS FOUND
USE HERE ON EARTH IN FRACKING
AND MINING APPLICATIONS
THAT OUR LICENSEES ARE USING.
ALSO, YOU MAY HAVE HEARD ABOUT
THE LATEST MARS MISSION,
PERSEVERANCE.
NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER
PLAYED FUNDAMENTAL ROLES
IN SO MANY ASPECTS
OF THAT MISSION.
MOVING FORWARD,
WE WILL PLAY AN EVEN BIGGER
ROLE AS WE DEVELOP
NEW SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY TIRES.
A NEW KIND OF COMPLIANT TIRES.
NON-NOMADIC TIRES
THAT CAN GO OVER OBSTACLES,
AND ROUGH TERRAINS, AND ROCKS,
BUT THEN RETURN TO SHAPE
WITH NO DAMAGE-- INDESTRUCTIBLE.
THIS TECHNOLOGY IS SO USEFUL
FOR ROVERS OUT THERE
AND APPLICATIONS HERE ON EARTH.
NASA WILL CONTINUE
ADVANCING THESE ALLOYS.
WE WILL ADAPT THE EVOLVING WORLD
OF AVIATION AS WE ADDRESS
THE NEEDS FOR
ELECTRIC AIRCRAFTS,
ON-DEMAND MOBILITY,
AND HIGHER SPEED VEHICLES.
WE SEE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
PLAYING A BIG ROLE THERE.
WE WILL ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES
OF SPACE AS WE GO BACK
TO THE MOON,
EXPLORE VENUS AND BEYOND.
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
WILL PLAY A BIG ROLE THERE TOO.
IN CLOSING, IT IS BECAUSE
OF THE TALENTED PEOPLE AT NASA,
OUR COLLABORATORS,
AND OUR STUDENTS
THAT COME TO WORK WITH US,
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
ARE WHERE THEY ARE TODAY,
AND THANKS TO THOSE PEOPLE,
WE WILL CONTINUE INNOVATING,
WE WILL CONTINUE ADVANCING
ONE ATOM AT A TIME.
FOR THE TIME BEING,
PLEASE WATCH OUT FOR THOSE
MAILBOXES IN YOUR DRIVEWAYS,
AND THANK YOU.
[ MUSIC ]
>> SINCE THE RETIREMENT
OF THE CONCORDE,
THERE'S BEEN CONTINUED INTEREST
IN SUPERSONIC FLIGHT,
AND NASA HAS BEEN DOING RESEARCH
IN THIS AREA FOR DECADES.
THIS INCLUDES RESEARCH
TO MAKE SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
FASTER, LIGHTER, QUIETER,
AND MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT.
IN RECENT YEARS, A LARGE PART
OF THIS WORK HAS BEEN FOCUSED
ON REDUCING THE SONIC BOOM
TO ENABLE SUPERSONIC FLIGHT
OVER LAND.
IMAGINE A ONE DAY BUSINESS TRIP
TO LOS ANGELES AND BEING HOME
FOR DINNER, OR FLYING
TO YOUR FAVORITE COUNTRY
IN HALF THE TIME,
AND NOT FEELING EXHAUSTED
AFTER THE LONG FLIGHT.
TIME IS MONEY,
AND THIS IS WHY NASA
DOES SUPERSONICS RESEARCH.
SINCE 1973, SUPERSONIC FLIGHT
HAS BEEN PROHIBITED OVER LAND
DUE TO THE LARGE DISTURBANCE
CAUSED BY THE SONIC BOOM.
SINCE THIS TIME, TECHNOLOGIES
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED
TO MAKE SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
QUIETER AND MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY.
THIS TECHNOLOGY IS LARGELY
BASED ON ADVANCES
IN COMPUTATIONAL SPEED
AND COMPUTER-AIDED
DESIGN TOOLS.
AS A RESULT, NASA IS CONFIDENT
THAT A VIABLE SUPERSONIC
AIRCRAFT CAN BE DEVELOPED
WITH AN ACCEPTABLE SONIC BOOM,
AND THE TIME IS RIGHT
FOR A LOW-BOOM FLIGHT
DEMONSTRATION USING THE X-59.
THE X-59 IS BEING BUILT
BY LOCKHEED MARTIN SKUNK WORKS
UNDER A NASA CONTRACT.
THIS VEHICLE HAS BEEN
YEARS IN THE MAKING.
IT'S MOST PROMINENT FEATURE
IS THE EXTENDED LONG NOSE
WITH AREA SHAPING
TO REDUCE THE SONIC BOOM.
BEHIND THE NOSE IS A SET
OF FIXED CANARDS,
WHICH ARE STRATEGICALLY
PLACED ON THE AIRCRAFT,
ALSO TO REDUCE THE SONIC BOOM.
THEN, BEHIND THE CANARDS,
WE HAVE THE CANOPY,
THE COCKPIT,
THE CREW ESCAPE SYSTEM,
AND MANY OTHER AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
ARE TAKEN FROM EXISTING
QUALIFIED AIRCRAFT
TO REDUCE PROGRAM COSTS.
BEHIND THE COCKPIT
IS THE LARGE DELTA-SHAPED WING,
WHICH IS SPECIFICALLY SHAPED
JUST TO REDUCE THE SONIC BOOM.
THE WING IS ALSO USED TO SHIELD
THE TOP MOUNTED AND AFT MOUNTED
PROPULSION SYSTEM,
WHICH IS AN F414 JET ENGINE
THAT'S ALSO USED
BY THE U.S. NAVY.
FINALLY, AT THE BACK
OF THE AIRCRAFT,
WE HAVE A CONVENTIONAL TAIL
AND A VERY SMALL T-TAIL
AT THE TOP,
WHICH IS USED TO TAILOR
THE SONIC BOOM SIGNATURE.
THIS AIRCRAFT WILL TAKE
FIRST FLIGHT IN 2022.
NOW, FOR ANY AIRPLANE FLYING
FASTER THAN MACH 1.2,
OR 900 MILES AN HOUR,
THERE IS A SONIC BOOM
THAT CAN BE HEARD AND SOMETIMES
FELT ON THE GROUND,
AND THIS NOISE GETS QUIETER
WITH ALTITUDE OR DISTANCE
FROM THE AIRPLANE.
NOW, A CONVENTIONAL SONIC BOOM
IS FORMED WHEN SHOCK WAVES FORM
ON THE NOSE AND THE WING
OF THE AIRPLANE
AND THEY COALESCE INTO A LARGE
HIGH PRESSURE WAVE
IN FRONT OF THE AIRCRAFT.
FLOW EXPANDS OVER THE WING
AND THE TAIL, AND CREATES
A LARGE LOW PRESSURE WAVE
AT THE BACK OF THE AIRCRAFT.
THIS IS EXPERIENCED
ON THE GROUND
AS A SHORT-DURATION NOISE,
A SONIC BOOM,
OR SOMETIMES A DOUBLE BOOM.
SINCE THE DAYS THAT CHUCK YEAGER
BROKE THE SOUND BARRIER
IN THE X-1, THERE'S BEEN
A COMMON MISCONCEPTION
THAT A SONIC BOOM IS ONLY
A ONE TIME EVENT THAT HAPPENS
ONLY WHEN THE AIRPLANE
HITS MACH 1, BUT IN FACT,
AS THE AIRPLANE FLIES,
IT LEAVES A SONIC BOOM CARPET
ON THE GROUND UNDERNEATH
THE FLIGHT PATH.
THE SONIC BOOM IS HEARD
EVERYWHERE THE AIRPLANE FLIES,
AND CAN BE EXPERIENCED
FOR UP TO A 50 MILE WIDE PATH.
NOW, WHEN CONCORDE
FIRST ENTERED SERVICE,
IT WAS BASED ON 1950s
AND 1960s TECHNOLOGIES,
WHICH WERE VERY IMPRESSIVE
AND THE BEST AVAILABLE
FOR THEIR TIME,
BUT IT WAS NOT DESIGNED
FOR A LOW SONIC BOOM.
AS A RESULT, THE SONIC BOOM
WAS DISRUPTIVE TO COMMUNITIES
ON THE GROUND.
MODERN DESIGN TOOLS
ALLOW FOR AIRCRAFT SHAPING
AND TAILORING
OF THESE SHOCK WAVES,
AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS
AND WIND TUNNEL TESTING
PREDICT A MUCH SOFTER BOOM
ON THE GROUND,
BUT THESE DESIGNS
NEED TO BE FLIGHT TESTED,
AND COMMUNITY NOISE DATA
NEEDS TO BE COLLECTED.
NOW, THE NEXT SOUNDS
YOU'RE GONNA HEAR ARE GONNA BE
THE COMPARISON BETWEEN
A TRADITIONAL SONIC BOOM
AND A LOW-BOOM.
[ SONIC BOOM ]
[ LOW-BOOM ]
>> NOW, SO FAR, I'VE ONLY TALKED
ABOUT THE AIRCRAFT DESIGN,
BUT SONIC BOOM RESEARCH
IS MUCH MORE COMPLEX,
AND NASA STUDIES ALL ASPECTS
OF SONIC BOOM RESEARCH.
NASA HAS SPECIAL FACILITIES
IN PLACE TO STUDY HOW PEOPLE
REACT TO A SONIC BOOM.
ONE FACILITY ALLOWS YOU
TO HEAR A SONIC BOOM
AS IF YOU WERE OUTDOORS
WHILE ANOTHER FACILITY
ALLOWS YOU TO HEAR
THE SAME SONIC BOOM
IN A FAMILIAR INDOOR SPACE,
AND PEOPLE CAN RATE
THE-THE ANNOYANCE LEVELS.
FINALLY, HOMES AND COMMUNITIES
ARE USED WITH ACTUAL AIRCRAFT
WHICH CAN CREATE LOW LEVELS
OF SONIC BOOM THROUGH A SERIES
OF DISTANT FLIGHT MANEUVERS.
NOW, THE NEXT STEP
IS TO BUILD THE X-59.
THESE IMAGES ARE TAKEN
FROM VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION
IN PALMDALE, CALIFORNIA.
AS YOU CAN IMAGINE,
BUILDING AN EXPERIMENTAL
AIRCRAFT IS A VERY LARGE
AND COMPLEX PROCESS
THAT TAKES A LOT OF PEOPLE.
MUCH ANALYSIS AND TESTING
GOES INTO BUILDING THE VEHICLE.
ONE EXAMPLE,
CRITICAL WIND TUNNEL TESTING,
WAS PERFORMED AT THE HISTORIC
EIGHT FOOT BY SIX FOOT
SUPERSONIC WIND TUNNEL,
WHICH IS LOCATED RIGHT HERE
IN CLEVELAND, OHIO.
BUILT IN 1949,
THE EIGHT-BY-SIX
ONCE LOOKED VERY MUCH DIFFERENT
THAN IT DOES TODAY.
>> THE EIGHT-BY-SIX HAS MADE
GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS TO SPACE
AND AVIATION HISTORY.
IT'S BEEN VISITED
BY ASTRONAUTS AND GIANTS
OF AEROSPACE INDUSTRY,
AND IT HAS SUPPORTED
CRITICAL PROGRAMS
SUCH AS THE APOLLO MISSIONS,
THE SPACE SHUTTLE,
COUNTLESS MILITARY
AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES,
NASA'S FUTURE SPACE
LAUNCH SYSTEMS,
AND THE X-59
IS NOW THE MOST RECENT ALUMNI
OF THIS FACILITY.
A SCALE MODEL OF THE X-59
WAS PLACED IN THE WIND TUNNEL
TEST SECTION AND AIRFLOW
IS SUPPLIED BY A GIANT
16 FOOT DIAMETER COMPRESSOR.
SUPERSONIC SPEEDS ARE ACHIEVED
WHEN THIS AIR IS SQUEEZED
THROUGH A LARGE,
FLEXIBLE WALL NOZZLE
WHOSE ONE INCH THICK
STAINLESS STEEL WALLS
ARE FLEXED WITH
HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS.
ANOTHER INTERESTING FEATURE
OF THIS WIND TUNNEL:
OVER 4,000 HOLES WERE DRILLED
BY HAND IN THE WALLS IN 1956.
THESE HOLES HELPED TO REDUCE
SHOCK WAVE REFLECTIONS.
X-59 TESTING WAS PERFORMED
IN TWO PARTS.
FIRST IN AERODYNAMICS PHASE
TO STUDY VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
AND STABILITY,
AND SECOND, A PROPULSION
PERFORMANCE PHASE
TO STUDY SMOOTH AND STEADY
AIRFLOW INTO THE ENGINE INLET
FOR ALL PHASES OF FLIGHT.
FOR ME, WORKING ON THE X-59
HAS BEEN AN AMAZING JOURNEY
WHERE I'VE BEEN HONORED
TO BE PART OF A LARGE TEAM
MAKING SUPERSONIC TRAVEL
QUIETER AND SAFER.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK
AND ACKNOWLEDGE
THE COUNTLESS TALENTED PEOPLE
WHO WORK FOR NASA
AND FOR ALL THE NASA PARTNERS
WHO HAVE HELPED TO MAKE
THE X-59 POSSIBLE,
AND THANK YOU VERY MUCH TONIGHT
FOR YOUR TIME AND ATTENTION.
>> WILL YOU PLEASE GIVE
ANOTHER ROUND OF APPLAUSE
TO THE PRESENTERS.
[ APPLAUSE ]
TONIGHT, YOU HAVE SEEN
MERELY A GLIMPSE
OF ALL THE INCREDIBLE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
GOING ON AT NASA GLENN.
ALL THREE OF OUR PRESENTERS
ARE PERFECT EXAMPLES
OF OUR BEST AND BRIGHTEST.
A SMALL PART OF OUR TEAM
AT NASA GLENN DEVELOPING
CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGIES
FOR THE NEXT 80 YEARS
OF PUSHING BOUNDARIES
AND BREAKING BARRIERS.
AS WE EMERGE
FROM THIS PANDEMIC,
I ASSURE YOU THAT NASA GLENN
WILL CONTINUE TO DO
WHAT WE DO BEST:
PUSH THE ENVELOPE
IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
AND CONTINUE TO ENGAGE
THOUGHT LEADERS
AND SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS
ARE OUR COMMUNITY, GOVERNMENT,
AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY
HERE IN OHIO,
AND WE WILL REACH
NEW MILESTONES IN HUMAN FLIGHT
AND SPACE EXPLORATION,
AND I WELCOME YOU TO JOIN US
AS WE EMBARK ON THIS JOURNEY
TO CHANGE THE FUTURE TOGETHER.
THIS CONCLUDES OUR
FORMAL PROGRAM THIS EVENING.
PLEASE JOIN US
FOR LIVE REFRESHMENT
AND CONTINUE NETWORKING OUTSIDE
IN THE STUDENT BOARDROOM'S
RECEPTION AREA.
GOODNIGHT, AND THANK YOU.
[ MUSIC ]