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[ MUSIC ]

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>> HI, MY NAME IS LANCE FOSTER,

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AND I'M AN ENGINEER AT NASA

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WORKING ON JET ENGINES.

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NASA HAS AN AWESOME CHALLENGE

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FOR YOU, AND WE WANNA SEE

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YOUR SOLUTIONS.

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THE CHALLENGE IS

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MISSION TO MARS.

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HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELED 

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IN A CAR AND SUDDENLY

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HAD TO STOP?

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NOW IMAGINE YOU'RE IN

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A SPACECRAFT TRAVELING

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13,000 MILES PER HOUR

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AND YOU ONLY HAVE 7 MINUTES

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TO SLOW DOWN AND SAFELY LAND

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YOUR VEHICLE ON THE SURFACE

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OF A PLANET, SUCH AS MARS.

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TO DO THIS, YOU FIRST HAVE TO

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UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF DRAG

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AND THE EFFECT IT HAS

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ON AN OBJECT TRAVELING

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THROUGH SPACE.

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DRAG IS A FORCE THAT OPPOSES

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AN OBJECT'S MOTION THROUGH AIR.

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FOR EXAMPLE, AS A SPACECRAFT

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LIKE THIS ONE ACCELERATES,

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OR SPEEDS UP, THE SURROUNDING

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 AIR PUSHES AGAINST IT,

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CREATING RESISTANCE.

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HOWEVER, TO SLOW THE VEHICLE

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 DOWN ENOUGH TO MAKE

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A SAFE LANDING, A DECELERATOR,

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OR DRAG DEVICE, SERVES AS

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A BRAKING SYSTEM FOR

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THE VEHICLE.

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THAT'S THE CHALLENGE NASA FACES

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EVERY TIME IT LANDS A SPACECRAFT

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ON ANOTHER PLANET.

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AS WE PLAN MORE ADVANCED

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 MISSIONS TO PLANETS

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FURTHER OUT INTO 

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OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, WE'LL NEED

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TO LAND EVEN HEAVIER SPACECRAFT.

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THIS WILL REQUIRE MORE POWERFUL

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YET LIGHTWEIGHT DECELERATORS,

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OR BRAKING SYSTEMS.

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NEXT UP IS ENGINEER MARY LOBO

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TO TELL US MORE ABOUT

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THIS CHALLENGE.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS MARY LOBO,

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AND I'M AN ENGINEER AT NASA.

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PART OF MY JOB IS TO HELP

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 COMPANIES USE NASA TECHNOLOGIES

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TO ADVANCE SCIENCE AND TO HELP

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 CREATE NEW PRODUCTS THAT

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MAKE LIFE BETTER ON EARTH.

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AS NASA PLANS NEW ROBOTIC

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AND HUMAN MISSIONS TO MARS,

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IT'S EXTREMELY IMPORTANT

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FOR SPACECRAFT TO CARRY

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HEAVIER AND LARGER PAYLOADS.

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THESE PAYLOADS WILL PROVIDE

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THE SUPPLIES NEEDED FOR

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EXTENDED STAYS ON

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THE MARTIAN SURFACE.

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HOWEVER, HEAVIER PAYLOADS

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MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR

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THE SPACECRAFT TO SLOW DOWN

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ONCE IT GETS TO MARS.

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WHEN A SPACECRAFT ENTERS

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THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE, 

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IT'S TRAVELING AT ABOUT

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13,000 MILES PER HOUR,

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AND IT HAS ONLY 7 MINUTES

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TO SLOW DOWN TO 0 MILES.

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AS YOU CAN IMAGINE,

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THAT'S REALLY HARD TO DO.

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PART OF THE REASON THAT

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IT'S SO HARD TO SLOW DOWN IS

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BECAUSE THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE

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IS ABOUT 100 TIMES THINNER

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THAN THE ATMOSPHERE ON EARTH.

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LESS ATMOSPHERE MEANS

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LESS DRAG OR RESISTANCE.

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THAT MEANS THE SPACECRAFT NEEDS

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HELP TO SAFELY SLOW DOWN

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AND LAND.

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IN THE PAST, WE'VE USED

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A VARIETY OF SYSTEMS, INCLUDING

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AIRBAGS, RETRO ROCKETS,

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AND SUPERSONIC PARACHUTES.

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ONE OF THE DEVICES THAT

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NASA'S CURRENTLY WORKING ON

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IS CALLED ASPIRE, OR

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ADVANCED SUPERSONIC PARACHUTE

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INFLATION RESEARCH EXPERIMENT.

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ASPIRE IS A REALLY STRONG

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PARACHUTE THAT WOULD CREATE

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MORE DRAG.

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THIS WILL HELP LARGER, HEAVIER

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SPACECRAFT SLOW DOWN AND LAND

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SAFELY ON THE SURFACE OF MARS.

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WHEN FULLY INFLATED,

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THIS PARACHUTE WILL HAVE

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THE VOLUME OF A LARGE HOUSE

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AND WEIGH ALMOST 200 POUNDS.

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IT WILL ALSO FLY AROUND MACH 2,

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AND THAT'S TWO TIMES

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THE SPEED OF SOUND-- THAT'S

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ABOUT 1,500 MILES PER HOUR.

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NOW, CAN YOU IMAGINE SOMETHING

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THAT WEIGHS ALMOST 200 POUNDS

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AND HAS THE VOLUME OF

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A LARGE HOUSE FLYING

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AT ALMOST TWO TIMES

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THE SPEED OF SOUND?

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YOUR CHALLENGE TODAY IS

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TO DESIGN A PARACHUTE

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TO SAFELY SLOW DOWN AND LAND

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YOUR SPACECRAFT.

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YOU'LL NEED TO THINK ABOUT

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HOW TO MAKE YOUR PARACHUTE

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LARGE ENOUGH TO CREATE

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A LOT OF DRAG, BUT LIGHTWEIGHT

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SO IT DOESN'T WEIGH DOWN

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YOUR SPACECRAFT.

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YOUR PARACHUTE WILL ALSO

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NEED TO BE STRONG TO SUPPORT

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A LOT OF WEIGHT WHILE TRAVELING

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AT HIGH SPEEDS.

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ALTHOUGH YOU'LL BE TESTING

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YOUR PARACHUTE ON EARTH,

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THINK ABOUT ANY SPECIAL FEATURES

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THAT COULD HELP YOUR PARACHUTE

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WORK ON MARS.

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WE CAN'T WAIT TO SEE

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YOUR SUGGESTIONS.

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GOOD LUCK!

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>> THANKS, MARY.

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NOW HERE'S YOUR ASSIGNMENT.

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DESIGN AND BUILD A DRAG DEVICE

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THAT WILL HELP SLOW DOWN

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AND SAFELY LAND YOUR SPACECRAFT.

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EACH OF YOUR TEAMS MUST:

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MAKE A DRAG DEVICE 

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AND CONNECT IT TO THE CARGO BAY.

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THE DRAG DEVICE MUST MAKE

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THE CARGO BAY SLOW DOWN

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WHEN DROPPED.

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DROP THE DRAG DEVICE

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AND CARGO BAY FROM A HEIGHT

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OF 2 METERS.

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THEY MUST STAY ATTACHED

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THROUGHOUT THE DROP.

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HOLD 10 GRAMS OF CARGO

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PROTECTED INSIDE YOUR CARGO BAY.

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AND MAKE SURE THE TOTAL MASS

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OF YOUR DRAG DEVICE IS

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NO GREATER THAN 50 GRAMS.

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USE THE ENGINEERING DESIGN

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 PROCESS TO HELP YOU CREATE

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A SOLUTION.

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KEEP IN MIND, YOUR DESIGN

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MAY NOT WORK AS EXPECTED.

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YOU MAY HAVE TO TEST

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AND MAKE CHANGES TO YOUR DESIGN

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MULTIPLE TIMES.

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BUT THAT'S OKAY-- IT'S ALL

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PART OF THE PROCESS.

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NOW, IT'S YOUR TURN

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TO GET TO WORK.

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AND BY ALL MEANS, BE CREATIVE.

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I'M EXCITED TO SEE THE DESIGNS

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YOUR TEAMS CREATE.

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GOOD LUCK.