1
00:00:00,166 --> 00:00:07,540
[ MUSIC ]

2
00:00:07,540 --> 00:00:08,508
>> PEOPLE ON EARTH

3
00:00:08,508 --> 00:00:09,776
USE NONVERBAL WAYS

4
00:00:09,776 --> 00:00:11,511
TO COMMUNICATE EVERY DAY,

5
00:00:11,511 --> 00:00:13,680
LIKE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS,

6
00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:15,715
HAND SIGNALS,

7
00:00:15,715 --> 00:00:17,951
BODY LANGUAGE,

8
00:00:17,951 --> 00:00:20,720
AND AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE.

9
00:00:25,291 --> 00:00:26,826
>> DURING THE, UH, SPACEWALK

10
00:00:26,826 --> 00:00:27,927
AND JUST GENERALLY

11
00:00:27,927 --> 00:00:28,995
DURING SPACE OPERATIONS

12
00:00:28,995 --> 00:00:29,729
ALL THE TIME,

13
00:00:29,729 --> 00:00:30,497
COMMUNICATION

14
00:00:30,497 --> 00:00:31,398
IS HUGELY IMPORTANT,

15
00:00:31,398 --> 00:00:32,198
SO TALKING TO THE PEOPLE

16
00:00:32,198 --> 00:00:32,899
WHO ARE OUTSIDE,

17
00:00:32,899 --> 00:00:33,967
TALKING TO PEOPLE ON THE GROUND.

18
00:00:33,967 --> 00:00:34,834
AND OBVIOUSLY WE HAVE

19
00:00:34,834 --> 00:00:35,602
RADIOS TO DO THAT,

20
00:00:35,602 --> 00:00:36,669
BUT A LOT OF TIMES WE WIND UP

21
00:00:36,669 --> 00:00:37,937
HAVING TO DO THAT NONVERBALLY.

22
00:00:40,607 --> 00:00:42,142
THE "HOLD" SIGNAL.

23
00:00:42,142 --> 00:00:43,410
SO WHETHER THAT MAYBE

24
00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:44,310
SOMETIMES YOUR EARS

25
00:00:44,310 --> 00:00:45,445
MAY NOT BE CLEARING FAST ENOUGH

26
00:00:45,445 --> 00:00:46,479
AS THE PRESSURE'S CHANGING.

27
00:00:46,479 --> 00:00:47,313
MAYBE YOU'RE-- SOMEONE'S

28
00:00:47,313 --> 00:00:48,581
HELPING RESCUE YOU,

29
00:00:48,581 --> 00:00:49,783
BUT YOU'RE STILL ATTACHED,

30
00:00:49,783 --> 00:00:50,683
AND YOU REALIZE THAT.

31
00:00:50,683 --> 00:00:52,018
AND SO IN ANY CASE

32
00:00:52,018 --> 00:00:53,253
YOU GIVE THEM A "HOLD" SIGNAL,

33
00:00:53,253 --> 00:00:54,387
AND THAT SHOULD TELL EVERYONE

34
00:00:54,387 --> 00:00:55,922
TO STOP EVERYTHING THAT'S--

35
00:00:55,922 --> 00:00:56,689
ALL THE MOVEMENT

36
00:00:56,689 --> 00:00:57,490
AND KIND OF LOOK AROUND

37
00:00:57,490 --> 00:00:58,324
FOR SOMETHING

38
00:00:58,324 --> 00:00:59,659
THAT SEEMS ABNORMAL.

39
00:01:03,930 --> 00:01:04,631
>> WE REALLY WANT

40
00:01:04,631 --> 00:01:05,331
TO CHECK ON EACH OTHER,

41
00:01:05,331 --> 00:01:05,965
CHECK ON OUR BUDDIES,

42
00:01:05,965 --> 00:01:07,634
SO THE WAY WE USUALLY DO THAT IS

43
00:01:07,634 --> 00:01:09,869
WE USE THE "OKAY" HAND SYMBOL.

44
00:01:09,869 --> 00:01:11,938
AND SO WE'LL USE IT

45
00:01:11,938 --> 00:01:13,606
AS A QUESTION AND AS AN ANSWER.

46
00:01:13,606 --> 00:01:16,576
SO IF I'M POINTING AT RAJA

47
00:01:16,576 --> 00:01:17,410
AND THEN GIVING HIM

48
00:01:17,410 --> 00:01:18,445
THE "OKAY SIGN,"

49
00:01:18,445 --> 00:01:19,779
I'M SAYING, "ARE YOU OKAY?"

50
00:01:19,779 --> 00:01:21,648
AND IF HE IS, HE'LL TELL ME

51
00:01:21,648 --> 00:01:22,782
"I AM OKAY."

52
00:01:26,085 --> 00:01:27,220
>> THERE'S A LOT OF NONVERBAL

53
00:01:27,220 --> 00:01:28,488
THAT JUST COMES FROM KNOWING

54
00:01:28,488 --> 00:01:29,456
AND WORKING WITH PEOPLE

55
00:01:29,456 --> 00:01:30,390
THAT MAKES A BIG DIFFERENCE

56
00:01:30,390 --> 00:01:31,458
WHEN YOU'RE WORKING

57
00:01:31,458 --> 00:01:32,325
DAY IN AND DAY OUT,

58
00:01:32,325 --> 00:01:33,059
ESPECIALLY ON

59
00:01:33,059 --> 00:01:33,860
A HIGH STRESS THING

60
00:01:33,860 --> 00:01:34,727
LIKE A SPACEWALK.

61
00:01:34,727 --> 00:01:35,762
JUST A LOOK AT SOMEONE'S FACE

62
00:01:35,762 --> 00:01:37,163
CAN TELL YOU, LIKE, EITHER,

63
00:01:37,163 --> 00:01:38,598
"YEAH, I'M GOOD WITH THIS PLAN"

64
00:01:38,598 --> 00:01:40,099
OR "I'VE GOT RESERVATIONS,

65
00:01:40,099 --> 00:01:41,234
"MAYBE WE SHOULD STOP

66
00:01:41,234 --> 00:01:42,335
AND TALK ABOUT THIS."

67
00:01:42,335 --> 00:01:43,436
AND YOU CAN DO ALL THAT

68
00:01:43,436 --> 00:01:44,304
WITH JUST A GLANCE,

69
00:01:44,304 --> 00:01:46,172
EVEN THROUGH THE GLASS

70
00:01:46,172 --> 00:01:48,007
OF THE SPACE HELMETS.

71
00:01:50,844 --> 00:01:52,679
IF YOU'RE FLYING IN FORMATION,

72
00:01:52,679 --> 00:01:54,113
WHICH WE PRACTICE IN THE T-38,

73
00:01:54,113 --> 00:01:55,315
WE ALSO USE HAND SIGNALS

74
00:01:55,315 --> 00:01:56,382
JUST TO KEEP UP

75
00:01:56,382 --> 00:01:57,250
WITH THOSE SKILLS.

76
00:01:57,250 --> 00:01:57,851
AND SO ONE OF

77
00:01:57,851 --> 00:01:58,651
THE MOST COMMON THINGS

78
00:01:58,651 --> 00:01:59,919
IS TRANSMITTING NUMBERS

79
00:01:59,919 --> 00:02:01,020
WITH YOUR HANDS,

80
00:02:01,020 --> 00:02:01,855
AND SO, ONE, TWO,

81
00:02:01,855 --> 00:02:02,989
THREE, FOUR, AND FIVE

82
00:02:02,989 --> 00:02:04,023
ARE PRETTY EASY.

83
00:02:04,023 --> 00:02:04,991
AND THEN THE WAY WE DO

84
00:02:04,991 --> 00:02:06,226
SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE--

85
00:02:06,226 --> 00:02:07,527
SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE, AND TEN

86
00:02:07,527 --> 00:02:08,661
WITHOUT TAKING OUR HAND

87
00:02:08,661 --> 00:02:09,362
OFF THE STICK

88
00:02:09,362 --> 00:02:10,730
IS TO TURN YOUR HAND HORIZONTAL.

89
00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:11,865
AND SO YOU CAN DO THE SAME THING

90
00:02:11,865 --> 00:02:13,199
WITH AIR PRESSURE.

91
00:02:13,199 --> 00:02:14,701
SO FOR EXAMPLE IF I HAD

92
00:02:14,701 --> 00:02:15,768
A PROBLEM WITH MY SUIT,

93
00:02:15,768 --> 00:02:16,703
AND I WAS TRYING--

94
00:02:16,703 --> 00:02:17,370
SHE WAS TRYING

95
00:02:17,370 --> 00:02:18,271
TO TELL ME, YOU KNOW,

96
00:02:18,271 --> 00:02:19,506
"WHAT IS YOUR OXYGEN PRESSURE?"

97
00:02:19,506 --> 00:02:20,240
AND I COULDN'T TALK

98
00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:20,907
'CAUSE I HAD

99
00:02:20,907 --> 00:02:21,741
A COMMUNICATIONS PROBLEM,

100
00:02:21,741 --> 00:02:22,942
I COULD STILL TELL KAYLA,

101
00:02:22,942 --> 00:02:24,143
YOU KNOW, I COULD

102
00:02:24,143 --> 00:02:25,144
TELL HER A ONE,

103
00:02:25,144 --> 00:02:26,279
AND THEN THIS WOULD

104
00:02:26,279 --> 00:02:27,881
TELL HER ONE AND SIX.

105
00:02:27,881 --> 00:02:29,516
AND THEN, YOU KNOW, I COULD DO

106
00:02:29,516 --> 00:02:30,683
A COMBINATION OF THOSE NUMBERS

107
00:02:30,683 --> 00:02:32,752
TO TRANSMIT TO HER NONVERBALLY

108
00:02:32,752 --> 00:02:33,820
WHAT THE STATE

109
00:02:33,820 --> 00:02:35,355
OF ANY OF MY VALUES, UH,

110
00:02:35,355 --> 00:02:36,456
ON MY SUIT,

111
00:02:36,456 --> 00:02:37,724
WHETHER IT'S SUIT PRESSURE,

112
00:02:37,724 --> 00:02:39,425
WATER PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE,

113
00:02:39,425 --> 00:02:40,126
ALL THE DIFFERENT

114
00:02:40,126 --> 00:02:41,160
NUMERICAL VALUES,

115
00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:42,061
WE CAN USE HAND SIGNALS

116
00:02:42,061 --> 00:02:43,196
FOR THAT.

117
00:02:43,196 --> 00:02:44,631
>> MAYBE WE COULD DEMONSTRATE

118
00:02:44,631 --> 00:02:45,565
A FEW FOR EACH OTHER

119
00:02:45,565 --> 00:02:46,699
AND SEE IF WE CAN TELL

120
00:02:46,699 --> 00:02:47,867
WHAT THE OTHER PERSON'S

121
00:02:47,867 --> 00:02:48,935
HAND SIGNALS ARE?

122
00:02:48,935 --> 00:02:51,304
UH, SO I'LL GO FIRST, RAJA,

123
00:02:51,304 --> 00:02:52,405
AND YOU CAN SEE IF YOU--

124
00:02:52,405 --> 00:02:53,139
IF YOU KNOW WHAT

125
00:02:53,139 --> 00:02:53,773
I'M TRYING TO TELL YOU.

126
00:02:55,808 --> 00:02:56,609
>> WHAT DO YOU THINK

127
00:02:56,609 --> 00:02:58,545
KAYLA IS TRYING TO COMMUNICATE?

128
00:02:58,545 --> 00:03:00,313
IS SHE TELLING RAJA

129
00:03:00,313 --> 00:03:01,814
SHE CAN'T HEAR?

130
00:03:01,814 --> 00:03:02,949
THAT HE NEEDS TO CLEAN

131
00:03:02,949 --> 00:03:04,317
HIS HELMET VISOR?

132
00:03:04,317 --> 00:03:06,386
OR ASKING HIM WHAT SONG

133
00:03:06,386 --> 00:03:08,721
HE'S LISTENING TO?

134
00:03:08,721 --> 00:03:10,089
>> ALL RIGHT, SO WHAT KAYLA

135
00:03:10,089 --> 00:03:11,324
IS TELLING ME THERE

136
00:03:11,324 --> 00:03:12,926
IS SHE'S POINTING TO HERSELF,

137
00:03:12,926 --> 00:03:14,093
WHICH IS INDICATING THAT--

138
00:03:14,093 --> 00:03:15,361
THE PERSON WHO HAS THE PROBLEM.

139
00:03:15,361 --> 00:03:16,462
YOU CAN ALSO POINT

140
00:03:16,462 --> 00:03:17,630
AT SOMEONE ELSE,

141
00:03:17,630 --> 00:03:18,364
BUT IN HER CASE

142
00:03:18,364 --> 00:03:19,098
SHE'S POINTING AT HERSELF,

143
00:03:19,098 --> 00:03:19,799
SO SHE'S TELLING ME

144
00:03:19,799 --> 00:03:20,633
SHE HAS A PROBLEM.

145
00:03:20,633 --> 00:03:21,601
AND THEN SHE WAVED

146
00:03:21,601 --> 00:03:22,502
ACROSS HER EAR,

147
00:03:22,502 --> 00:03:23,236
WHICH IS TELLING ME

148
00:03:23,236 --> 00:03:24,437
SHE CAN'T HEAR.

149
00:03:24,437 --> 00:03:25,572
OKAY, SO LET'S SAY

150
00:03:25,572 --> 00:03:27,206
WE HAVE THAT SAME SCENARIO.

151
00:03:27,206 --> 00:03:28,241
SO WE'VE HAD SOME KIND

152
00:03:28,241 --> 00:03:29,242
OF LOSS OF COMM.

153
00:03:29,242 --> 00:03:30,777
AND KAYLA CAME TO CHECK ON ME

154
00:03:30,777 --> 00:03:32,111
WHILE I WAS OUT ON A SPACEWALK.

155
00:03:32,111 --> 00:03:32,946
WHEN SHE GOT THERE

156
00:03:32,946 --> 00:03:33,580
I MIGHT GIVER HER

157
00:03:33,580 --> 00:03:34,380
A SIGNAL LIKE THIS.

158
00:03:36,649 --> 00:03:37,483
>> CAN YOU FIGURE OUT WHAT

159
00:03:37,483 --> 00:03:39,385
RAJA IS TRYING TO COMMUNICATE?

160
00:03:39,385 --> 00:03:41,220
THAT THEY NEED TO MOVE

161
00:03:41,220 --> 00:03:42,155
TO THE OTHER SIDE

162
00:03:42,155 --> 00:03:43,656
OF THE SPACE STATION?

163
00:03:43,656 --> 00:03:45,191
THAT THEY NEED TO WRAP UP

164
00:03:45,191 --> 00:03:47,193
AND FINISH WHAT THEY'RE DOING?

165
00:03:47,193 --> 00:03:49,362
OR IS HE ASKING HER

166
00:03:49,362 --> 00:03:52,031
TO DO A FLIP IN MICROGRAVITY?

167
00:03:52,031 --> 00:03:53,933
>> SO THERE RAJA WOULD BE

168
00:03:53,933 --> 00:03:55,301
TRYING TO COMMUNICATE TO ME

169
00:03:55,301 --> 00:03:56,636
THAT WE NEED TO SPEED THINGS UP.

170
00:03:56,636 --> 00:03:58,037
MAYBE HE HAS A PROBLEM

171
00:03:58,037 --> 00:03:58,972
THAT'S ACCELERATING

172
00:03:58,972 --> 00:03:59,772
OR GETTING WORSE,

173
00:03:59,772 --> 00:04:00,773
SO HE'S SAYING

174
00:04:00,773 --> 00:04:01,708
"IT'S KIND OF AN URGENT

175
00:04:01,708 --> 00:04:02,609
"SITUATION HERE,

176
00:04:02,609 --> 00:04:03,710
LET'S GET A MOVE ON,"

177
00:04:03,710 --> 00:04:05,244
MORE OR LESS.

178
00:04:05,244 --> 00:04:06,713
>> NEXT TIME YOU SEE

179
00:04:06,713 --> 00:04:08,114
ASTRONAUTS ON A SPACEWALK,

180
00:04:08,114 --> 00:04:09,349
LOOK OUT FOR SOME

181
00:04:09,349 --> 00:04:10,283
OF THE HAND SIGNALS

182
00:04:10,283 --> 00:04:11,517
YOU LEARNED TODAY.

183
00:04:11,517 --> 00:04:13,219
YOU CAN EVEN TRY THEM OUT

184
00:04:13,219 --> 00:04:13,987
WITH YOUR FRIENDS

185
00:04:13,987 --> 00:04:15,088
TO TALK IN YOUR OWN

186
00:04:15,088 --> 00:04:17,323
NONVERBAL CODE.

187
00:04:17,323 --> 00:04:18,958
FOR MORE FUN WITH STEM,

188
00:04:18,958 --> 00:04:21,461
VISIT STEM.NASA.GOV.

189
00:04:23,563 --> 00:04:29,569
[ MUSIC ]